dāng '
ào sī màn rén dào lái de shí hòu，
xī là rén xīng qǐ liǎo liǎng gǔ yí mín yùn dòng。
shǒu xiān shì xī là zhī shí fènzǐ jiē céng xiàng xī '
ōu de yí mín，
yóu cǐ jī fā liǎo wén yì fù xīng de dào lái。
qí cì，
yī xiē xī là rén lí kāi liǎo píng yuán，
duǒ jìn céng luán de qún shān zhōng。
xī là shì gè duō shān de guó dù，
ér '
ào sī màn rén cóng wèi chéng gōng dì zài shān qū jiàn lì tā men de jūn shì huò zhě xíng zhèng cún zài，
yīn '
ér zài zhè zhǒng yì yì shàng lái shuō，
ào sī màn rén cóng lái méi yòu wán quán zhēng fú xī là。
zài xī là dà lù hé dǎo yǔ shàng cún zài yòu xǔ duō mì mì shè qún，
rú kè lǐ tè dǎo shàng de Sphakiots、
yī bì lǔ sī de Souliots
yǐ jí bó luó bēn ní sǎ de Mani
dōushì '
ào sī màn tǒng zhì shí qī shān qū huó yuè de mì mì shè qún。
zì 16
shì jì mò zhí zhì 17
shì jì，
xǔ duō xī là rén kāi shǐ cóng shān qū bān huí píng yuán dì qū。
dì guó tuī xíng de zōng jiào zì zhì shè qū “ mǐ lì tè ”（ Millet）
zhì dù jiāng gè gè dì qū fēn huá gěi zōng jiào zú qún zì zhì，
zhè jiànjiē cù jìn liǎo dōng zhèng jiào xī là rén de mín zú níng jù lì。
xī là zhèng jiào huì zuò wéi mín zú -
zōng jiào shè tuán，
bāng zhù quán xī là gè gè dì qū（
shān qū、
píng yuán、
dǎo yǔ）
de xī là rén zài jiān nán de '
ào sī màn tǒng zhì xià wéi xì zì jǐ de zhǒng zú、
wén huà yǐ jí yǔ yán yí chǎn。
ào sī màn tǒng zhì xià de xī là rén bù shì chéng shòu yì zú tǒng zhì de jī dū tú jiù shì mì mì jī dū tú（ Crypto-Christians），
tā men biǎo miàn shàng zūn xún yī sī lán jiào de jiào guī，
ér mì mì dì shí jiàn xī là zhèng jiào de xìn yǎng，
yǐ táo bì kē zhòng de juān shuì，
ér tóng shí yòu bù shī qù tóng xī là zhèng jiào huì de lián xì。
rán '
ér nà xiē zhēn zhèng guī yǐ yī sī lán jiào de xī là rén，
jí shǐ tā men bǎo liú liǎo zì jǐ de wén huà hé yǔ yán，
yě bèi tóng zú de zhèng jiào xī là rén shì wéi tǔ '
ěr qí rén。
Most of Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire from the 15th century until its declaration of independence in 1821, a historical period also known as Tourkokratia (Greek: Τουρκοκρατία, "Turkish rule").
The Byzantine Empire, which had ruled most of the Greek-speaking world for over 1100 years, had been fatally weakened since the sacking of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204.
Ottoman advance into Greece was preceded by victory over the Serbs to its north. First the Ottomans won at 1371 on the Maritsa River — where the Serb forces were led by the King Vukasin Mrnjavcevic, the father of Marko Kraljevic and the co-ruler of the last emperor from the Serbian Nemanjic dynasty. This was followed by another Ottoman victory in the 1389 Battle of Kosovo.
With no further threat by the Serbs, the Ottomans captured Constantinople in 1453 and advanced southwards into Greece, capturing Athens in 1458. The Greeks held out in the Peloponnese until 1460, and the Venetians and Genoese clung to some of the islands, but by 1500 most of the plains and islands of Greece were in Ottoman hands. The mountains of Greece were largely untouched, and were a refuge for Greeks to flee foreign rule.
Cyprus fell in 1571, and the Venetians retained Crete until 1670. The Ionian Islands were only briefly ruled by the Ottomans (Kefalonia from 1479 to 1481 and from 1485 to 1500), and remained primarily under the rule of Venice.