jiù shí qì shí dài
mù qián shì jiè shàng zuì zǎo de rén lèi huà shí -
jù jīn 300
wàn nián qián de nán fāng yuán rén lù xī， 1974
nián zài '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà dōng bù chū tǔ。
tā bèi rèn wéi shì xiàn dài rén lèi de qǐ yuán。
āi sài '
é bǐ yà cháng qī yǐ lái bèi guǎng fàn rèn dìng wéi rén lèi de fā yuán dì，
huò zhě shì "
rén lèi wén míng de yáo lán "。
zhè zhǒng shuō fǎ lái yuán yú '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà jìng nèi zhòng duō zhòng yào de kǎo gǔ fā xiàn。
zǎo zài 1974
nián，
zài '
ā fǎ '
ěr zhōu（ Afar）
de hǎdá '
ěr (Hadar)
jiù fā xiàn liǎo jù jīn 380
wàn nián qián de bǎo cún wán zhěng de rén lèi shǐ zǔ gǔ gé huà shí。
gāi gǔ gé huà shí de fā xiàn dì diǎn wèi yú zhù míng de dōng fēi dà liè gǔ de wān liú huǒ shān yán céng dài de jù shí zhōng。
jīng guò kǎo gǔ duì de zhèng shí，
gāi gǔ gé bèi zhèng míng wéi yuán shǐ rén lèi nǚ xìng，
tóng shí yǐ "
lù xī "
jiāng qí mìng míng。
āi sài '
é bǐ yà zǎo xiān jiù wéi zhè wèi nǚ xìng yuán shǐ rén lèi qǐ liǎo yī gè gèng wéi qiàdàng de míng zì "Dinkinesh"，
tā zài dāng dì yǔ yán zhōng de yì sī shì "
tài shén qí liǎo "。
gēn jù dài lǐng kǎo gǔ duì fā xiàn gāi yuán shǐ rén lèi gǔ gé huà shí de kè lì fū lán dà xué jiào shòu táng nà dé ·
yuē hàn sēn bó shì suǒ shuō � "
lù xī "
suī rán wài biǎo lèi sì lèi rén yuán，
dàn què shǔ yú nián dài jiǔ yuǎn bìng qiě kě wán quán zhí lì xíng zǒu de liǎng zú yuán shǐ rén lèi。
jīng guò jìn yī bù de xì zhì yán jiū，
kē xué jiā men wéi lù xī qǐ liǎo yī gè shǔ yú tā zhè zhǒng wù zhǒng de qiàdàng míng zì：
ā fǎ '
ěr nán bù yuán rén（ Australopithecusafarensis） ,
tā bèi kē xué jiā rèn dìng wèishì hòu lái nán fāng lèi rén yuán hé rén lèi de gòng tóng zǔ xiān，
tóng shí yě shì jiè yú lèi rén yuán hé rén lèi zhī jiān fā zhǎn liàn tiáo zhōng quē shǎo de nà yī huán。
yīn cǐ，
lù xī gǔ gé huà shí de fā xiàn jù yòu zhòng yào de kǎo gǔ yì yì，
yīn wéi tā chóngxīn huì zhì liǎo rén lèi fā zhǎn lì shǐ de jìn huà tú。
"
lù xī "
de fā xiàn zhǐ shì hǎdá '
ěr（ Hadar）
dì qū zhòng duō de kē xué kǎo gǔ fā xiàn zhī yī。
zài 20
nián hòu de 1994
nián，
kē xué jiā men zài wā jué chū lù xī dì diǎn yǐ nán 75
gōng lǐ chù yòu chéng gōng wā jué chū jù jīn 440
wàn nián de rén lèi zǔ xiān huà shí cán hái。
zhè xiàng zuì xīn de kǎo gǔ fā xiàn bāo hán liǎo yī méi jù jīn 580
wàn nián qián de míng wéi "
lā mǎ dí sī ·
lā mǎ dí sī ·
kǎ dá bā（ RamadisRamadisKadabba） "
de gǔ lǎo huà shí。
xiàn zài，
lù xī de gǔ gé huà shí hé hěn duō qí tā shǐ qián kǎo gǔ fā xiàn yī qǐ chén liè zài wèi yú '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà shǒu dù yà de sī yà bèi bā de '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà zì rán bó wù guǎn zhōng。
yǔ lù xī de gǔ gé huà shí chén liè zài yī qǐ de kǎo gǔ fā xiàn hái bāo kuò jù jīn 250
wàn nián de shí qì shí dài rén lèi suǒ shǐ yòng de gōng jù yǐ jí gè shì xǔ xǔ rú shēng de dòng xué huì huà。
fā xiàn gāi míng wéi "Dinkereah"
gǔ gé huà shí de dì qū réng jiù xiāng dāng huó yuè，
xiāng xìn huì yòu gèng duō lì shǐ yí jì hé kǎo gǔ fā xiàn huì lù xù zhǎn xiàn zài rén men miàn qián。
yīn cǐ，
āi sài '
é bǐ yà gǔ lì lǚ yóu zhě yǒng yuè cān guān '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà zì rán bó wù guǎn，
mù qián gāi guǎn tè bì chū yī gè qū yù zhuān mén zhǎn shì shǐ qián kǎo gǔ hé gǔ rén lèi xué yí jì de kǎo gǔ fā xiàn。
zài cǐ bù fēn zhǎn chū de kǎo gǔ fā xiàn bāo kuò rú xià nèi róng：
·
lái zì lán ní luó hé pén dì chāo guò 6
qiān wàn nián lì shǐ de gǔ huà shí cán hái yǐ jí huà shí rì zhì；
·
lái zì bó '
ěr jí（ Burji）
dì qū de chāo guò 1， 100
wàn zhì 1， 200
wàn nián lì shǐ de gǔ lǎo tàn cè qī huà shí；
·
lái zì '
ā wǎ shí（ Awash）
zhōng bù dì qū de jù yòu 4
bǎi wàn nián lì shǐ gǔ lǎo yú gǔ huà shí cán hái；
·
lái zì hǎdá '
ěr（ Hadar）
dì qū de chāo guò 3
bǎi wàn nián lì shǐ de gǔ lǎo '
ě yú luǎn huà shí；
·
lái zì '
ā wǎ shí（ Awash）
zhōng bù dì qū de jù jīn dà yuē 5
bǎi wàn nián lì shǐ de gǔ lǎo dà xíng lù dì guī jiá huà shí；
·
jù jīn 440
wàn nián lì shǐ de gǔ lǎo lā mǐ dá yuán rén（ Ardipithecusramidus）
huà shí；
·
jù yòu 250
wàn nián lì shǐ de gǔ lǎo nán fāng gǔ yuán garhi（
yì wéi "
jīng qí "）
de huà shí；
·
jù yòu 520
wàn zhì 580
wàn nián lì shǐ de xīn jìn fā xiàn de lā mǐ dá yuán rén（ Ardipithecusramidus）
kǎ dá bā（ kadabba）
huà shí。
zōng shàng suǒ shù，
jìn lái zài dōng fēi dà liè gǔ kāi zhǎn de gǔ rén lèi kǎo gǔ gōng zuò yǐ jīng chū jiàn chéng xiào，
dà liàng huà shí hé wù zhì cán hái de kǎo gǔ fā xiàn jiāng huì wéi gāi dì qū shì rén lèi fā yuán dì de shuō fǎ tí gōng liǎo qiáng yòu lì de zhèng jù。
bù jǐn rú cǐ，
wèi yú '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà jìng nèi de dōng fēi dà liè gǔ '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà duàn zǎo yǐ tí gōng liǎo zhòng duō yòu guān rén lèi zǎo qī jìn huà de chōng fēn zhèng míng。
zhè yàng de shì shí yǐ jīng shǐ dé hěn duō rén xiāng xìn '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà què shí shì rén lèi de fā yuán dì。
yīn cǐ，
wèile qīn yǎn jiàn zhèng zhè piàn shén qí de rén lèi qǐ yuán dì，
měi gè rén zài qí yī shēng zhōng dū yìng zhì shǎo lái '
āi sài '
é bǐ yà cān guān yī cì。
Ethiopia is considered one of the oldest human settlement areas, if not the oldest according to some scientific findings. Lucy, discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar region, is considered the world’s second oldest, but most complete, and best preserved adult Australopithecine fossil. Lucy's species is named Australopithecus afarensis, which means 'southern ape of Afar, after the Ethiopian region where the discovery was made. Lucy is estimated to have lived in Ethiopia 3.2 million years ago. There have been many other notable fossil findings in the country including recently found oldest human fossil, Ardi.
Around the eighth century BC, a kingdom known as Dʿmt was established in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, with its capital at Yeha in northern Ethiopia. Most modern historians consider this civilization to be a native African one, although Sabaean-influenced because of the latter's hegemony of the Red Sea, while others view Dʿmt as the result of a mixture of Sabaeans and indigenous peoples. However, Ge'ez, the ancient Semitic language of Ethiopia, is now thought not to have derived from Sabaean (also South Semitic). There is evidence of a Semitic-speaking presence in Ethiopia and Eritrea at least as early as 2000 BC. Sabaean influence is now thought to have been minor, limited to a few localities, and disappearing after a few decades or a century, perhaps representing a trading or military colony in some sort of symbiosis or military alliance with the Ethiopian civilization of Dʿmt or some other proto-Aksumite state.
After the fall of Dʿmt in the fourth century BC, the plateau came to be dominated by smaller successor kingdoms, until the rise of one of these kingdoms during the first century BC, the Aksumite Empire, ancestor of medieval and modern Ethiopia, which was able to reunite the area. They established bases on the northern highlands of the Ethiopian Plateau and from there expanded southward. The Persian religious figure Mani listed Aksum with Rome, Persia, and China as one of the four great powers of his time.
In 316 AD, a Christian philosopher from Tyre, Meropius, embarked on a voyage of exploration along the coast of Africa. He was accompanied by, among others, two Syro-Greeks, Frumentius and his brother Aedesius. The vessel was stranded on the coast, and the natives killed all the travelers except the two brothers, who were taken to the court and given positions of trust by the monarch. They both practiced the Christian faith in private, and soon converted the queen and several other members of the royal court.