jīng guò shù cì lì xiàn huì yì zhī hòu， 1867
nián xiàn fǎ fǎ '
àn yú 1867
nián 7
yuè 1
rì tōng guò，
jiā ná dà shěng、
xīn bù lún ruì kè shěng、
xīn sī kē shè shěng sān gè yīng shǔ běi měi zhí mín dì zǔ chéng jiā ná dà lián bāng。
jiā ná dà huò dé luó bó tè lǐng dì hé xī běi bù dì qū de kòng zhì quán，
bìng jiāng liǎng zhě hé bìng chéng xī běi dì qū，
zhè yī jǔ dòng cù shǐ gāi dì qū de yuán zhù mín méi dì rén zài 1870
nián 7
yuè fā dòng hóng hé qǐ yì bìng jiàn lì cóng xī běi dì qū fēn lí chū de mǎ ní tuō bā shěng。
1871
nián，
bù liè diān gē lún bǐ yà shěng（
bù liè diān gē lún bǐ yà zhí mín dì yǔ wēn gē huá dǎo zhí mín dì yǐ zài 1866
nián hé bìng）
jiā rù lián bāng。
liǎng nián hòu，
ài dé huá wáng zǐ dǎo yě jiā rù lián bāng。
shǒu rèn zǒng lǐ yuē hàn ·
yà lì shān dà ·
mài kè táng nà jí tā de bǎo shǒu dǎng zhèng fǔ shè lì guān shuì yǐ bǎo hù jiā ná dà xīn shēng de zhì zào yè。
wèile kāi fā xī bù，
jiā ná dà zhèng fǔ zī zhù sān xiàng héng jiā tiě lù xiàng mù（
bāo kuò jiā ná dà tài píng yáng tiě lù），
bìng pèi hé zì zhì lǐng tǔ dì fǎ，
kāi shǐ duì dà píng yuán de kāi fā。
wèile wéi hù zhè piàn xīn kāi fā qū yù de zhì '
ān，
jiā ná dà zhèng fǔ shè lì xī běi shān dì jǐng chá jú。 1898
nián xiān qǐ de kè lǎng dài kè táo jīn rè wéi jiā ná dà xī běi lǐng dì dài lái dà pī yí mín，
zhè yī shì jiàn zhí jiē cù shǐ zhè piàn qū yù cóng xī běi lǐng dì fēn lí bìng jiàn lì yù kōng dì qū。
zài jiā ná dà zì yóu dǎng de zǒng lǐ wēi '
ěr fú lǐ dé ·
láo léi '
ěr de lǐng dǎo xià，
ōu zhōu yí mín kāi shǐ zài dà píng yuán dì qū dìng jū，
yīn cǐ cù chéng '
ài bó tǎ shěng hé sà sī kā chè wēn shěng zài 1905
nián jiàn lì。
Following several constitutional conferences, the Constitution Act officially proclaimed Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867, initially with four provinces: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Canada assumed control of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to form the Northwest Territories, where the Métis' grievances ignited the Red River Rebellion and the creation of the province of Manitoba in July 1870. British Columbia and Vancouver Island (which had been united in 1866) joined the confederation in 1871, while Prince Edward Island joined in 1873. In 1898, during the Klondike Gold Rush in the Northwest Territories, parliament created the Yukon Territory. Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905. Between 1871 and 1896, almost one quarter of the Canadian population emigrated southwards, to the U.S.
To open the West and encourage European immigration, Parliament approved sponsoring the construction of three transcontinental railways (including the Canadian Pacific Railway), opening the prairies to settlement with the Dominion Lands Act, and establishing the North-West Mounted Police to assert its authority over this territory. This period of westward expansion and nation building resulted in the displacement of many Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies to "Indian reserves", clearing the way for ethnic European block settlements. This caused the collapse of the Plains Bison in western Canada and the introduction of European cattle farms and wheat fields dominating the land. The Indigenous peoples saw widespread famine and disease due to the loss of the bison and their traditional hunting lands The federal government did provide emergency relief, on condition of the Indigenous peoples moving to the reserves. During this time, Canada introduced the Indian Act extending its control over the First Nations to education, government and legal rights.