shā 'ā Saudi Arabia   shǒudōu:   guógūdàimǎ: sa   
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  shā 'ā bàwáng guóā : المملكةالعربيةالسعودية luó huà: Al-Mamlakahal- Arabīyahal-Su‘ ūdīyah) shì 'ā bàn dǎo shàng miàn zuì de guó jiā yuē dàn wēi ā màn 'ěrā lián qiú cháng guó mén jiē rǎng
  
   shǐ
  
   shā 'ā shǐ jiàn 1750 nián de 'ā bàn dǎo zhōng míng míng wéi hǎn · běn · shā ( MuhammadibnSaud) de dāng guó wáng míng lán gǎi jiā hǎn · ā ( MuhammadAbdAl-Wahhab) jiàn liǎo xīn de zhèng zài zhī hòu de 150 duō nián zhōngshā 'ā jiā de shì shí shí luòwéi zhēng duó bàn dǎo de kòng zhì quán duàn 'āi shí wéi 'ào màn guó bàn de fēn)、 ào màn guó shēng chōng bìng xiān hòu liǎng shī zhèng quánxiàn dài shā 'ā shì yóu guó wáng 'ā · ā · běn · ā · màn · ā shā suǒ shǒu jiàn de
  
  1902 nián 'ā · ā shuài lǐng duì rén cóng jiā bìnàn wēi chū cóng duì de jiā ( Al-Rashid) shǒu zhōng duó huí zài 1913 zhì 1926 nián jiānā ā xiāng zhēng liǎo nèi zhì hàn zhì jiǎ liǎng fēn lǐng 。 1926 nián 1 yuè 8 ā ā chéng wéi tǒng zhì de lǐng shàng de guó wáng。 1927 nián 5 yuè 20 qiān shǔ de tiáo yuēshǐ shā 'ā zhèng shì tuō yīng guó de tǒng zhì 。 1932 nián 9 yuè 22 shā 'ā zhèng shì xuān tǒng 。 1938 nián 3 yuè 3 zài shā 'ā xià suǒ xiàn de shí yóu yǒng yuǎn gǎi biàn liǎo zhè guó jiā de mìng yùn
  
   zhèng zhì
  
   shā 'ā shì zhèng jiào de jūn zhù zhì guó jiā。 1992 nián kāi shǐ shī xíng dezhì guó běn guī dìngshā 'ā shì yóu 'ā - ā · shā hòu dài sūn suǒ tǒng zhì de jūn zhù zhì guó jiāér shén shèng de lán jīng shì guó jiā de zuì gāo xiàn guó jiā gēn shā ( Shari'a) xíng shìshā 'ā guó nèi méi yòu de zhèng dǎngzhì jīn jǐn zài 2005 nián xíng guò fāng xuǎn tóu piào quán jǐn xiàn nán xìng gōng mín lùn shàngguó wáng de quán shòu dào lán jiào jiào shā chuán tǒng de yuē shùzài zuò chū zhòng jué dìng shí guó wáng wáng shì chéng yuánzōng jiào lǐng xiù( ulema) shā shè huì zhōng yòu yǐng xiǎng rén shì de gòng shí pài( Wahhabism) shì guó jiā suǒ fèng xíng de guān fāng shí xíng tàigāi lán jiào pài tōng guò zài quán qiú jiàn zào qīng zhēn lán jīng xué xiào lái xiàng quán shì jiè tuī guǎng de jiào gēn 2006 nián bān dexiào zhōng wěi yuán huì 》, yóu 'ā ā · shā guó wáng de suǒ yòu huò chéng rèn de 'ér huò chéng rén chéng xiào zhōng wěi yuán huì wáng wèi chéng rén de xuǎn bìng jiān guó wáng wáng chǔ de
  
  2005 nián 8 yuè 1 shā 'ā guó wáng zài shǒu de yuàn 84 suì de gāo líng shì shì hòu tóng yuán wáng chǔ 'ā qīn wáng tóng tóng yuán 'èr shǒuxiàng 'ěr tǎn qīn wáng fēn bié huò wáng shì zhī chí wèi xīn guó wáng shòu fēng wéi wáng chǔdàn shìwáng wèi de chéng zàn shí réng rán wèi néng chuán zhì wáng shì sān dàixiāng xìn shì yīn wéi sān dài de quán wèi xiāng zhēng qíng kuàng yán zhòngwáng shì fēn zhēng wèn wèi néng jiě juéjiāng huì zài wáng shì 'èr dài xiāng shì hòu yǐn
   rén quán
  
   zhēn duì shā 'ā de lìng rén quán rén quán guān cháguó shè zhì lián guó rén quán wěi yuán huì děng zhì céng pànyóu shì zhēn duì quán wèn míng zhīshā 'ā shì shì shàng wéi jìn zhǐ xìng jià chē de guó jiāshā 'ā zhèng tōng cháng jiāng zhè lèi bào dào chì wéi huǎng yánhuò lán de shā guī zhèng chéng zuò wéi
  
   zài 2002 niánlián guó fǎn xíng wěi yuán huì píng liǎo shā 'ā de biān xíng jié zhī xíng shā 'ā dài biǎo tuán lán jiào chuán tǒng wéi yóu jué liǎo wài rén duì tǒng de gān shè
  
   zài 2000 niánzhèng tōng guò liǎo shí yuè xuān jiāng xíng lián guó jìn zhǐ xíng gōng yuē xià de fèn běn zhāng 26 tiáo zài míngguó jiā 'àn zhào shā guī bǎo rén quán
  
   shā 'ā zhèng zài guó nèi shí shī wǎng luò guò shā 'ā de míng zuò zhě Fouadal-Farhan yīn wéi píng shā 'ā de zhèng zhìjīng méi rén cóng 2007 nián 12 yuè zāo dào jiān jìn
   xíng zhèng huá
  
   shā 'ā quán guó huàfēn wéi 13 shěng( mintaqah, shù: mintaqat):
  
  * shěng
  * mài jiā shěng
  * mài shěng
  * dōng shěng( AshSharqiyah)
  * gài shěng( AlQasim)
  * shěng( Ha'il)
  * shěng( Tabuk)
  * běi biān jiāng shěng( AlHududashShamaliyah)
  * zàn shěng( Jizan)
  * lán shěng( Najran)
  * shěng( AlBahah)
  * jiāo shěng( AlJawf)
  * ā 'ěr shěng(‘ Asir)
  
  
  
   shā 'ā yōng yòu 'ā bàn dǎo 80% de lǐng gāi guó 'ā lián qiú cháng guóā màn mén jiē rǎng de fēn méi yòu míng què de biān jièsuǒ shā de miàn xiángshā 'ā zhèng de miàn shì 2,217,949 píng fāng gōng ér xìn de jiè 213 wàn 9 qiān 7 bǎi píng fāng gōng zhì 224 wàn píng fāng gōng zhī jiānquán guó zhǐ yòu shǎo 1% de shì shì gēngzhòng dezài 1990 nián dài zǎo shā 'ā de rén kǒu fēn shí fēn jūndōng yán hǎi nèi zhōu rén kǒu chóu ér nèi piàn de shā jīhū rén zhù
  
   shā 'ā bàqì hòu yán quán guó běn shàng dōushì gān zào de dài shā hòu wēn jiào chā
   jīng
  
   shā 'ā de jīng shí yóu wéi zhī zhùzhèng kòng zhì zhe guó jiā zhù yào de jīng huó dòngshā 'ā shì shì jiè shàng jiā zhī hòu 'èr de tàn míng shí yóu de chǔ bèi guóyōng yòu quán qiú kān tàn shí yóu zǒng liàng de 24%), shì quán qiú zuì de shí yóu chū kǒu guó shì shí yóu shū chū guó zhì de zhù yào chéng yuán guóshí yóu chǎn de shōu zhàn quán guó zǒng shōu de yuē 75%, GDP de 40%, chū kǒu shōu de 90%。 GDP de yuē 40% lái yòu jīng zài 1999 nián OPEC shí yóu shū chū guó diào zhǎng yóu jià jiānshā 'ā shì zhù yào de tuī dòng zhězài zhè jiān OPEC de chéng yuán chéng gōng tōng guò jiǎn shǎo shí yóu chǎn liàng jiāng shí yóu jià tuī gāo dào 1991 nián hǎi wān zhàn zhēng lái de zuì gāo shuǐ píng
  
   qián shā zhèng zhèng duàn yòu jīng de zhǎn jiǎn shǎo guó jiā jīng duì shí yóu chū kǒu de làitóng shí wéi kuài zēngzhǎng de rén kǒu gōng gèng duō de jiù huìshuǐ yuán de duǎn quē xùn zēngzhǎng de rén kǒu yòu néng xiàn zhì gāi guó shí xiàn nóng chǎn pǐn de biāo
  
   shā 'ā jìn yòng liàng zhù láo gōnggēn fěi bīn zhèng tǒng shā 'ā shì hǎi wài fěi bīn rén zhī zhōng zuì duō rén jiù de mùdì
   rén kǒu
  
   jié zhǐ dào 2001 niánshā 'ā rén kǒu yuē wéi 2 qiān 2 bǎi wàn zhōng bāo kuò 640 wàn zhù zài gāi guó de wài guó rénzhí dào 1960 nián dàiquán guó duō shù rén kǒu wéi yóu huò bàn yóu rén kǒudàn suí zhe jīng de xùn zhǎn chéng shì huà de jiā kuài qián chāo guò 95% de rén kǒu jīng dìng xià lái xiē chéng shì zhōu zhōng de rén kǒu gāo měi píng fāng gōng chāo guò 1 qiān rén
  
   duō shù shā rén shì dào dào de 'ā réndàn yòu xiē rén yòu 'ěr lǎngyìn yìn huò fēi zhōu xuè tǒng men zhù yào shì zhù zài hóng hǎi hǎi 'àn de wài lái mínhěn duō rén lái lín jìn de 'ā guó jiā men shòu dào shā gōng zuòshā 'ā yòu dìng shù liàng de rén kǒuzhù yào lái yìn tǎnmèng jiā yìn fěi bīnshā 'ā jìng nèi yòu dào 10 wàn fāng rén shì
  
   jūn shì
  
   zhuāng duì jiàn 1964 niánzuì gāo guó fáng huì wèiguó fáng zuì gāo jué guānguó wáng wéi zhuāng duì zuì gāo tǒng shuài zhuāng duì zǒng cān móu cháng wéi hǎn · · shàngjiàngjūn duì fēn zhèng guī jūn guó mín duìzhèng guī jūn píng shí shí xíng zhì yuàn bīng zhìzhàn shí shí xíng bīng zhì bān bīng zhǒng liǎng nián shū bīng zhǒng sān nián
  
   zhuāng duì zǒng bīng yuē 10.6 wàn rén zhōng jūn yuē 7.3 wàn rénbiān 3 zhuāng jiá 、 1 kōng jiàng 、 1 bīng 、 1 wáng shì jǐng wèi tuán、 23 pào bīng yínghǎi jūn yuē 1.1 wàn rén chéng hóng hǎi wān liǎng zhī jiàn duìkōng jūn yuē 1.8 wàn rénbiān gōng zhōng duìjié zhōng duì děng wài hái yòu guó mín jǐng wèi duìbiān fáng duì zhǒng 'ān quán duì hǎi shàng jǐng wèi duì děng
   jiāo tōng
  
   jìng nèi yòu gōng 152,044 gōng ( 2000 nián), tiě 1,392 gōng ( 2006 nián), chǎng 213 zuò( 2007 nián)。


  Saudi Arabia (officially Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, also called simply Arabia, Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية‎, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya), is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of 27.6 million, and its size is approximately 2,150,000 square kilometres (830,000 sq mi).
  
  The Kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Mecca and Medinah, the two holiest places in Islam. In English, it is most commonly referred to as Saudi Arabia (pronounced /ˈsɔːdɪ/ or /ˈsaʊdɪ əˈreɪbɪə/). The current Kingdom was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud, whose efforts began in 1902 when he captured the Al-Saud’s ancestral home of Riyadh, and culminated in 1932 with the proclamation and recognition of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, though its national origins go back as far as 1744 with the establishment of the First Saudi State.
  
  Saudi Arabia is the world's leading petroleum exporter. Petroleum exports fuel the Saudi economy. Oil accounts for more than 90 percent of exports and nearly 75 percent of government revenues, facilitating the creation of a welfare state, which the government has found difficult to fund during periods of low oil prices. Saudi Arabia is often called, along with Russia, an energy superpower. Human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have repeatedly expressed concern about the state of human rights in Saudi Arabia.
 

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