| xīn xī lán New Zealand (Aotearoa) shǒudōu:huì líng dùn guógūdàimǎ: nz |
 新西兰 新西兰 新西兰guó qí xīn xī lán guó qí wéi cháng fāng xíng， cháng kuān zhī bǐ wéi 2:1。 qí dì wéi shēn lán sè， zuǒ shàng fāng wéi yīng guó guó qí， yòu biān yòu sì kē xiāng bái biān de hóng sè wǔ jiǎo xīng， sì kē xīng pái liè jūn bù duìchèn。 xīn xī lán shì yīng lián bāng chéng yuán guó，“ mǐ” zì tú 'àn biǎo míng tóng yīng guó de chuán tǒng guān xì； sì kē xīng biǎo shì nán shí zì xīng zuò， biǎo míng gāi guó wèi yú nán bàn qiú， tóng shí hái xiàng zhēng dú lì hé xī wàng。 guó huī xīn xī lán guó huī de zhōng xīn tú 'àn wéi dùn huī。 dùn miàn shàng yòu wǔ zǔ tú 'àn； sì kē wǔ jiǎo xīng dài biǎo nán shí zì xīng zuò， xiàng zhēng xīn xī lán； mài kǔn dài biǎo nóng yè； yáng dài biǎo gāi guó fā dá de xùmù yè； jiāo chā de fǔ tóu xiàng zhēng gāi guó de gōng yè hé kuàng yè； sān zhǐ yáng fān de chuán biǎo shì gāi guó hǎi shàng mào yì de zhòng yào xìng。 dùn huī yòu cè wéi shǒu chí wǔ qì de máo lì rén， zuǒ cè shì chí yòu guó qí de 'ōu zhōu yí mín fù nǚ； shàng fāng yòu yī dǐng yīng guó yī lì suō bái nǚ wáng 'èr shì jiā miǎn diǎn lǐ shí yòng de wáng guān， xiàng zhēng yīng guó nǚ wáng yě shì xīn xī lán de guó jiā yuán shǒu； xià fāng wéi xīn xī lán jué lèi zhí wù， shòu dài shàng yòng yīng wén xiě zhe“ xīn xī lán”。 guó gē xīn xī lán yòu liǎng shǒu dì wèi děng tóng de guó gē：《 tiān yòu xīn xī lán》（ GodDefendNewZealand） yǔ《 tiān yòu nǚ wáng》（ GodSaveTheQueen）。 rú zài wèi de shì nán xìng jūn zhù， guó gē gǎi wéi《 tiān yòu guó wáng》（ GodSaveTheKing）。《 tiān yòu nǚ wáng》 shì yīng guó de guó gē jí yīng lián bāng de huáng shì sòng gē。《 tiān yòu nǚ wáng》 yī bān bù zuò wèiguó gē yǎn zòu， ér zuò wéi huáng shì sòng gē shǐ yòng。 yòu guān xīn xī lán guó gē de yìng yòng， yóu xīn xī lán wén huà jí chuán tǒng bù fù zé guǎn lǐ。 shǒu dū huì líng dùn shì（ Wellington）。 huì líng dùn shì shì jiè shàng chǔyú zuì nán duān de shǒu dū。 chéng shì miàn jī 266.25 píng fāng qiān mǐ， huì líng dùn qū rén kǒu 379,000（ 2007 nián）， shì qū rén kǒu 189,700。 zuì dà chéng shì ào kè lán shì（ Auckland）。 miàn jī 580 píng fāng qiān mǐ， rén kǒu 1,318,700（ 2006 nián 3 yuè）， shì qū rén kǒu 1,079,304。 shǐ jiàn yú 1840 nián， 1841 zhì 1865 nián jiān céng wéi xīn xī lán shǒu dū。 ào kè lán qū shì xīn xī lán rén kǒu zuì duō de dì qū。 zhù yào chéng shì jī dū chéng（ Christchurch）、 dá ní dīng（ Dunedin）、 hā mì 'ěr dùn（ Hamilton）、 běi pà mò sī dùn（ PalmerstonNorth）、 wàng jiā nǔ yī（ Wanganui）、 xīn pǔ lì máo sī（ NewPlymouth）、 yīn fú kǎ jí 'ěr（ Invercargill）、 luó tuō lǔ 'ā（ Rotorua）、 ní 'ěr sēn（ Nelson）、 bù lán ní mǔ（ Blenheim）、 nà pí 'ěr（ Napier）、 jí sī bó 'ēn（ Gisborne）、 táo lǎng jiā（ Tauranga）、 pí kè dùn（ Picton）、 wàng gé léi（ Whangarei）、 táo bō（ Taupo）、 gé léi máo sī（ Greymouth）、 huáng hòu zhèn（ Queenstown） děng。 yǔ yán guān fāng yǔ yán wéi yīng yǔ（ English， 98% rén kǒu shǐ yòng）、 máo lì yǔ（ Māori， 4.2% rén kǒu shǐ yòng）、 xīn xī lán shǒu yǔ（ NewZealandSignLanguage， 0.6% rén kǒu shǐ yòng）。 guó jiā zhèng yào guó jiā yuán shǒu yī lì suō bái 'èr shì（ HMQueenElizabethII）； zǒng dū 'ā nán dé · sà dì yà nán dé（ AnandSatyanand）， 2006 nián 8 yuè jiù rèn， tā shì xīn xī lán lì shǐ shàng shǒu wèi yà yì zǒng dū； zǒng lǐ hǎi lún · yī lì suō bái · kè lā kè（ HelenElizabethClark）， 1999 nián 12 yuè rèn zhí。 2005 nián 9 yuè dì sān cì dāng xuǎn lián rèn。 dú lì rì huái táng yī rì（ WaitangiDay） 1840 nián 2 yuè 6 rì měi nián de 2 yuè 6 rì， shì xīn xī lán de huái táng yī rì， zhè yī tiān céng zài 1974 nián yī dù bèi dìng wéi xīn xī lán de guó qìng rì， 1976 nián yòu bèi qǔ xiāo guó qìng rì zhè yī míng chēng。 měi nián de zhè yī tiān xīn xī lán quán guó fàngjià yī tiān。 1907 nián 9 yuè 26 rì xīn xī lán cóng yīng guó dú lì， huò dé zhù quán。 guó tǔ miàn jī 268,680 píng fāng gōng lǐ（ shì jiè dì 75 míng）。 zhuān shǔ jīng jì qū 120 wàn píng fāng gōng lǐ， shuǐ yù miàn jī zhàn 2.1%， guó tǔ cháng 1,600 gōng lǐ， dōng xī zuì kuān chù kuān 450 gōng lǐ。 liǎng zuò zhù yào dǎo yǔ（ nán dǎo yǔ běi dǎo） miàn jī yuē wéi 266,200 píng fāng gōng lǐ。 dà xiǎo yuē hé rì běn、 měi guó jiā lì fú ní yà zhōu xiāng tóng， bǐ yīng guó lüè dà。 rén kǒu 4,252,000（ 2007 nián gū jì， shì jiè dì 122 míng）。 rén kǒu mì dù 15.229 rén / píng fāng gōng lǐ（ shì jiè dì 193 míng）。 běi dǎo de zǒng rén kǒu wéi 3,102,500， zhàn xīn xī lán zǒng rén kǒu de 75 ％， nán dǎo rén kǒu wéi 1,013,800。 qí zhōng， ōu zhōu yí mín hòu yì zhàn 78.8％， máo lì rén zhàn 14.5％， yà yì zhàn 6.7％。 ào kè lán qū de rén kǒu zhàn quán guó zǒng rén kǒu 30.7％。 shǒu dū huì líng dùn qū de rén kǒu yuē zhàn quán guó zǒng rén kǒu de 11％。 ào kè lán、 huì líng dùn、 jī dū chéng shì rén kǒu zuì duō de sān gè chéng shì。 máo lì zú shì rén kǒu zuì duō de shǎo shù mín zú。 xīn xī lán 70％ de jū mín xìn fèng jī dū xīn jiào hé tiān zhù jiào， shì shì jiè shàng rén kǒu dū shì huà zuì gāo de guó jiā zhī yī。 guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí 1038.73 yì měi yuán（ 2006 nián， shì jiè dì 53 míng）。 rén jūn GDP29,698 měi yuán（ shì jiè dì 27 míng）。 rén lèi fā zhǎn zhǐ shù 0.943（ gāo， shì jiè dì 19 míng） huò bì xīn xī lán yuán（ NewZealanddollar， NZD）。 jiǎn chēng“ niǔ yuán”。 xīn xī lán yuán yóu xīn xī lán chǔ bèi yínháng（ zhōng yāng yínháng） fù zé yìn zhì hé fā xíng。 shí jiān xīn xī lán biāo zhǔn shí jiān（ NZST）。 xīn xī lán biāo zhǔn shí jiān bǐ gé lín wēi zhì guó jì biāo zhǔn shí jiān zǎo 12 xiǎo shí（ UTC+12）， bǐ běi jīng shí jiān zǎo 4 xiǎo shí。 xià shí zhì wéi UTC+13（ 9 yuè zhì 4 yuè）。 xīn xī lán de chá tǎ mǔ qún dǎo bǐ xīn xī lán biāo zhǔn shí jiān zǎo 45 fēn zhōng。 xīn xī lán hěn jiē jìn guó jì rì qī biàngēng xiàn， shì quán shì jiè zuì zǎo jìn rù xīn de yī tiān de guó jiā zhī yī， chá tǎ mǔ qún dǎo hé jí sī bó 'ēn shì shì quán shì jiè zuì xiān yíng jiē xīn yī tiān dào lái de dì fāng。 xíng zhèng qū huá quán guó gòng fēn wéi 12 gè dà qū： běi bù dì qū（ Northland）、 ào kè lán qū（ Auckland）、 huái kǎ tuō（ Waikato）、 fēng shèng wān（ BayofPlenty）、 huò kè sī wān（ HawkesBay）、 tǎ lā nà jī（ Taranaki）、 mǎ nà wǎ tú - wàng jiā nǔ yī（ Manawatu-Wanganui）、 huì líng dùn qū（ Wellington）、 xī hǎi 'àn（ WestCoast）、 kǎn tè bó léi（ Canterbury）、 ào tǎ gē（ Otago）、 nán bù dì qū（ Southland）。 shè yòu 74 gè dì qū xíng zhèng jī gòu， qí zhōng bāo kuò 15 gè shì zhèng tīng、 58 gè qū yì huì hé chá tǎ mǔ qún dǎo（ ChathamIslands） yì huì。 jié rì yuán dàn（ NewYear'sDay） 1 yuè 1 rì yuán dàn cì rì（ DayafterNewYearsDay） 1 yuè 2 rì huái táng yī rì（ WaitangiDay） 2 yuè 6 rì shòu nán jié（ GoodFriday） 3 yuè 21 rì（ 2008 nián） fù huó jié hòu xīng qī yī（ EasterMonday） 3 yuè 24 rì（ 2008 nián） ào xīn jūn tuán rì（ ANZACDay） 4 yuè 25 rì nǚ wáng dàn chén rì（ Queen'sBirthday） 6 yuè de dì yī gè xīng qī yī láo dòng jié（ LabourDay） 10 yuè de dì sì gè xīng qī yī shèng dàn jié（ ChristmasDay） 12 yuè 25 rì jié lǐ rì（ BoxingDay） 12 yuè 26 rì měi gè dì qū hái yòu bù tóng de zhōu nián qìng， bǐ rú huì líng dùn zhōu nián jì niàn rì（ WellingtonAnniversaryDay） jù 1 yuè 22 rì zuì jìn de yī gè xīng qī yī。 hūn yīn xīn xī lán de fǎ dìng jié hūn nián líng shì 16 zhōu suì， dàn shì 18 zhōu suì zhī qián xū yào fù mǔ tóng yì bìng jiān hù。 2004 nián 12 yuè 9 rì， xīn xī lán guó huì yǐ guò bàn shù tōng guò tóng xìng liàn zhě jí tóng jū rén shì de gōng mín jié hé kě yǐ xiǎng yòu yǔ hé fǎ fū fù děng tóng de fǎ lǜ dì wèi。 xiāng guān fǎ lǜ yú 2005 nián 4 yuè 26 rì zhèng shì shēng xiào。 guó huā yín jué（ koru） zài máo lì chuán shuō zhī zhōng， yín jué yuán běn shì zài hǎi yáng lǐ jū zhù de， qí hòu bèi yāo qǐng lái dào xīn xī lán de sēn lín lǐ shēng huó， jiù shì wéi zhe zhǐ yǐn máo lì zú de rén mín， zuò yòng hé yì yì dū fēi cháng zhòng dà。 cóng qián de máo lì liè rén hé zhàn shì dōushì kào yín jué de yín shǎn shǎn de shù yè bèi miàn lái rèn lù huí jiā de。 yīn wéi， zhǐ yào jiāng qí yè zǐ fān guò lái， yín sè de yī miàn biàn huì fǎn shè xīng yuè de guāng huī， zhào liàng chuān yuè sēn lín de lù jìng。 xīn xī lán rén rèn wéi yín jué néng gòu tǐ xiàn xīn xī lán de mín zú jīng shén， gù cǐ zhè zhǒng zhí wù biàn chéng wèile xīn xī lán de dú tè biāo zhì hé róng yù dài biǎo。 xiàn zài， jǔ guó shàng xià dōukě zhǎo dào yín jué de tú yàng。 guó shù sì chì huái（ FourwingsSophora） guó niǎo jǐ wéi niǎo（ kiwibird） jǐ wéi niǎo yòu míng qí yì niǎo， xué míng wéi yù tuó。 xīn xī lán zuì zǎo de jū mín máo lì rén jiāng zhè zhǒng jiào shēng wéi“ kiwi！ kiwi！ kiwi！” de niǎo mìng míng wéi qí yì niǎo。 zhè zhǒng bù huì fēi de niǎo dà xiǎo yòu rú mǔ jī， yòu yī gè xì cháng de huì hé xì rú máo fā de yǔ máo。 xīn xī lán rén jiāng zhè zhǒng xǐ huān yè jiān huó dòng、 bù huì fēi de kě 'ài niǎo 'ér zuò wéi guó jiā de xiàng zhēng。 jǐ wéi niǎo shǔ yú《 huá shèng dùn gōng yuē》 fù lù zhōng de yī jí bǎo hù dòng wù。 guó shí lǜ shí， yòu chēng lǜ yù。 xīn wén chū bǎn quán guó gòng yòu bào zhǐ 140 zhǒng， qí zhōng rì bào 29 zhǒng， zá zhì 4700 duō zhǒng。 dú lì bào yè yòu xiàn gōng sī hé wēi 'ěr xùn - huò dùn yòu xiàn gōng sī wéi dì yī hé dì 'èr dà bào yè jí tuán， zhàn quán guó rì bào fā xíng liàng de 90％。 zhù yào bào kān yòu：《 xīn xī lán xiān qū bào》 héng héng xīn xī lán fā xíng liàng zuì dà de rì bào；《 wǎn yóu bào》；《 ào kè lán míng xīng bào》；《 xīn wén bào》；《 zì zhì lǐng bào》；《 diàn shì zhǐ nán》（ zhōu kān）；《 xīn xī lán fù nǚ zhōu kān》、《 tīng zhòng zá zhì》 děng。 xīn xī lán bào lián shè yóu xīn xī lán suǒ yòu rì bào zǔ chéng de hé zuò xīn wén jī gòu， chuàng jiàn yú 1880 nián， zǒng bù shè zài huì líng dùn。 měi tiān 24 xiǎo shí bù jiànduàn dì xiàng xīn gè jiā rì bào hé zhōu bào chuán sòng guó nèi hé guó jì xīn wén。 xīn xī lán diàn tái chéng lì yú 1925 nián。 yòu 1 gè guó jiā tái、 30 gè shāng yè tái、 1 gè yīnyuè tái hé 1 gè shēng yīn dàng 'àn guǎn。 1995 nián， shāng yè tái tuō lí xīn xī lán diàn tái， chéng wéi dān dú de xīn xī lán shāng yè diàn tái gōng sī， bìng yú 1996 nián 7 yuè chū shòu gěi sī rén。 guó jiā tái zhòng diǎn bō fā shí shì hé guó nèi zhèng zhì xīn wén， fù gài 96％ guó tǔ。 xīn xī lán diàn tái yòng yòu xiàn de duǎn bō xiàng nán tài píng yáng zhuǎn bō guó jiā tái jié mù。 xīn xī lán diàn shì tái 1962 nián zhèng shì bō fàng jié mù， xià shè diàn shì yī tái hé diàn shì 'èr tái yǐ jí wǔ gè dì qū diàn shì tái。 xīn xī lán diàn shì tái de xìn hào fù gài quán guó， shōu shì shuài dá 70％。 diàn shì sān tái shì xīn xī lán wéi yī de yī jiā sī rén diàn shì tái， yóu jiā ná dà gōng sī kòng gǔ。 1989 nián 11 yuè kāi bō， fù gài miàn wéi quán guó rén kǒu de 85％。 lìng wài zài xīn xī lán hái kě yǐ shōu kàn fù fèi de yòu xiàn diàn shì SKYTV。 guó jì yù míng suō xiě .nz xīn xī lán hǎi wài lǐng dì yòu gè zì de guó jì yù míng： .nu（ niǔ 'āi dǎo）、 .ck（ kù kè qún dǎo）， .tk（ tuō kè láo qún dǎo）。 cháng tú diàn huà dài mǎ +64 yī、 lì shǐ [ biān ji běn duàn ] xīn xī lán yú 1856 nián chéng wéi yīng guó de zì zhì zhí mín dì， 1907 nián chéng wéi zì zhì qū， dào liǎo 1947 nián wán quán dú lì。 xīn xī lán 5000 wàn nián lái yī zhí wú rén jū zhù， zhí zhì gōng yuán shí shì jì， cái yòu lái zì kù kè qún dǎo hé tǎ xī dì de bō lì ní xī yà háng hǎi jiā chéng zuò dú mù zhōu lái dào xīn xī lán。 dào gōng yuán shí 'èr shì jì， quán guó shòu qīng lái de dì qū yǐ fēn bù liǎo xǔ duō dìng jū diǎn； 1642 nián， hé lán háng hǎi jiā 'ā bèi 'ěr · yáng sōng · tǎ sī màn zài yī cì yuǎn yáng mào xiǎn zhōng yú 1642 nián fā xiàn xīn xī lán de xī hǎi 'àn qū， dàn zài qǐ tú dēng lù shí zāo dào máo lì rén de gōng jī 'ér xùn sù lí qù， dàn tā yǐ hé lán yī gè dì qū de míng zì mìng míng zhè kuài tǔ dì wéi（ NieuwZeeland）， tā huì zhì liǎo bù fēn xī hǎi 'àn dì qū de dì tú， dàn bìng wèi zài cǐ dēng lù； 1769 nián， yīng guó hǎi jūn jiàn cháng zhān mǔ sī · kù kè jí qí chuán yuán chéng wéi shǒu xiān tà zú xīn xī lán tǔ dì de 'ōu zhōu rén， suí hòu， bǔ lāo hǎi bào hé jīng yú de rén men yě lái dào zhè lǐ， chuán jiào shì yě hěn kuài jiē zhǒng 'ér lái， dìng jū diǎn kāi shǐ zhú jiàn jiàn lì qǐ lái liǎo。 dào 1840 nián， xīn xī lán gū jì máo lì rén kǒu wéi 10 wàn rén， dà yuē 2000 míng 'ōu zhōu dìng jū zhě ( máo lì rén chēng qí wéi Pakeha， bái rén ) fēn bù zài yán hǎi dì qū， xīn xī lán nà shí méi yòu quán guó zhèng fǔ huò quán guó lǐng dǎo rén， máo lì rén hé bái rén tuán tǐ qǐng qiú yīng guó tí gōng mǒu xiē bǎo hù yǐ jí fǎ lǜ hé zhì xù； 1840 nián 2 yuè 6 rì， máo lì rén hé yīng guó wáng shì zài dǎo yǔ wān de huái táng yī zhèn qiān shǔ liǎo《 huái táng yī tiáo yuē》， gāi tiáo yuē shǐ xīn xī lán chéng wéi wáng shì shǔ de yī gè zhí mín dì， zhè gè tiáo yuē bèi rèn wéi shì xīn xī lán de jiàn guó wén jiàn， gāi tiáo yuē shǐ zǎo qī kāi tuò zhě yòu quán zài xīn xī lán dìng jū bìng yǔn nuò máo lì rén 'àn qí yì yuàn jì xù yōng yòu tā men de tǔ dì、 sēn lín hé yú yè， gāi tiáo yuē shuō míng máo lì rén jiāng duì tǔ dì jí shēng huó fāng shì zì jǐ zuò chū jué dìng， bìng dāyìng jiàn lì yī gè zhèng fǔ， shǐ quán tǐ rén mín guò shàng hé píng fǎ zhì de shēng huó， gāi tiáo yuē yì què lì liǎo xīn xī lán rén xiǎng yòu yīng guó gōng mín de quán lì， gāi tiáo yuē mù qián réng rán shì“ xiàn xíng wén”， bìng qiě shì xīn xī lán shè jí mín zú guān xì fāng miàn hěn jù zhēng yì de huà tí。 cǐ tiáo yuē qiān shǔ hòu， gèng duō de rén kāi shǐ lái dào xīn xī lán bìng zài zhè lǐ dìng jū， duō shù rén qù nán bù dǎo dìng jū， yīn wéi nà lǐ de tǔ dì shì hé gēng zuò， zài 'ào tǎ gē hé xī hǎi 'àn dì qū hái fā xiàn liǎo jīn kuàng。 zì běn shì jì yǐ lái， lái běi dǎo jū zhù de rén hái shì duō yú nán bù， dào 1890 nián dài， quán guó rén kǒu zēng jiā dào wǔ shí wàn， bìng kāi shǐ jiàn shè tiě lù hé gōng lù， dìng jū zhě jiàn lì liǎo nóng chǎng yǐ jīng chéng wéi xīn xī lán jīng jì de zhī zhù， 1893 nián， xīn xī lán chéng wéi dì yī gè fù yú fù nǚ xuǎn jǔ quán de guó jiā， dāng shí， yīng guó réng rán shì xīn xī lán wén huà de zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fēn bìng jīng cháng bèi yù wéi“ jiā xiāng”， chéng qiān shàng wàn de xīn xī lán rén dài biǎo yīng guó cān jiā dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn， dào 1918 nián， yòu yī bàn de cān zhàn zhě sǐ yú zhàn zhēng huò zài zhàn zhēng zhōng fù shāng。 1935 nián， xīn xī lán xuǎn chū gōng dǎng zhèng fǔ， gāi zhèng fǔ jìn xíng liǎo yī xì liè de shè huì gǎi gé， qí zhōng bāo kuò měi zhōu 40 xiǎo shí gōng zuò zhì yǐ jí guó jiā bō kuǎn de wèi shēng hé fú lì zhì dù， dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn kāi shǐ hòu， xīn xī lán zài cì pài chū jūn duì， dà yuē quán guó rén kǒu de bǎi fēn zhǐ shí chū guò zuò zhàn， zhàn zhēng jié shù hòu， duì xīn xī lán de nóng chǎn pǐn de xū qiú zēng jiā， 1950 nián dài， quán miàn jiù yè xùn sù zēngzhǎng， gōng yè kōng qián fán róng。 yóu yú duì jìn kǒu（ tè bié shì shí yóu） hé duì ròu lèi、 nǎi zhì pǐn hé yáng máo chū kǒu de cháng qī yǐ lài， xīn xī lán de jīng jì zài 1970 nián dài hé 1980 nián dài kāi shǐ 'è huà， 1970 nián dài chū qī， yīng guó jiā rù 'ōu zhōu gòng tóng tǐ yǐ hòu， xīn xī lán shī qù qí chuán tǒng de chū kǒu shì chǎng， suí hòu jí chū xiàn shī yè hé shè huì wèn tí； 1980 nián dài zhōng hòu qī， gōng dǎng zhèng fǔ kāi shǐ jìn xíng xīn de huò bì zhèng cè、 gōng yè jiě chú xiàn zhì、 qǔ xiāo jīn tiē yǐ jí jiāng xǔ duō zhèng fǔ bù mén sī yòu huà děng dà fàn wéi de gǎi gé， zì cǐ jīng jì kāi shǐ zhú jiàn hǎo zhuǎn， shī yè rén shù kāi shǐ xià jiàng。 cóng 90 nián dài hòu qī kāi shǐ xīn xī lán jīng lì liǎo chí xù de jīng jì zēngzhǎng， shī yè shuài dào 3.5% de lì shǐ xīn dī。 èr、 zhèng zhì [ biān ji běn duàn ] yīng guó nǚ wáng shì xīn xī lán de guó jiā yuán shǒu， nǚ wáng rèn mìng de zǒng dū zuò wéi qí dài biǎo xíng shǐ guǎn lǐ quán。 zǒng dū yǔ nèi gé zǔ chéng de xíng zhèng huì yì shì fǎ dìng de zuì gāo xíng zhèng jī gòu。 nèi gé zhǎng wò shí quán， yóu yì huì duō shù dǎng zǔ chéng。 yì huì zhǐ shè zhòng yì yuàn（ gòng 120 xí）， yóu pǔ xuǎn chǎn shēng， rèn qī 3 nián。 wú chéng wén xiàn fǎ， qí xiàn fǎ shì yóu yīng guó yì huì hé xīn xī lán yì huì xiān hòu tōng guò de yī xì liè fǎ lǜ hé xiū zhèng 'àn yǐ jí yīng guó shū mì yuàn de mǒu xiē jué dìng suǒ gòu chéng。 xīn xī lán mín zhù zhèng fǔ yǐ hùn hé shì duō yì xí xuǎn qū bǐ lì dài biǎo zhì（ MixedMemberProportional） guó huì yùn zuò， yòu yī bǎi 'èr shí gè xí wèi。 xīn xī lán fǎ lǜ guī dìng máo lì rén zhì shǎo yòu liù gè bǎo zhàng xí wèi， ér zhèng dǎng de xuǎn jǔ guò chéng yě yào yòu 'é wài de máo lì dài biǎo。 mù qián guó huì zhōng yòu shí qī wèi máo lì yì yuán。 xīn xī lán zhèng fǔ wéi lián hé zhí zhèng， yóu gōng dǎng（ LabourParty） yǔ jìn bù lián méng（ ProgressiveCoalition）， jiā shàng liǎng gè shǎo shù zhèng dǎng héng héng lǜ dǎng（ GreenParty） yǔ lián hé wèi lái dǎng（ UnitedFutureParty） de yuán zhù suǒ zǔ chéng。 xiàn zài de xīn xī lán zǒng lǐ wéi hǎi lún · kè lā kè（ HelenClark）。 sī fǎ jī gòu xīn xī lán yòu zuì gāo fǎ yuàn、 shàng sù fǎ yuàn、 gāo děng fǎ yuàn、 ruò gān dì fāng fǎ yuàn hé shòu lǐ jiù yè、 jiā tíng、 shēng chǎn、 máo lì rén shì wù、 huán jìng děng tè shū wèn tí de zhuān mén fǎ yuàn。 shàng sù fǎ yuàn yóu shǒu xí dà fǎ guān、 yuàn cháng hé lìng wài liù míng gāo děng fǎ yuàn fǎ guān zǔ chéng。 yīng guó shū mì yuàn sī fǎ wěi yuán huì wéi zhōng shěn fǎ yuàn。 2003 nián 10 yuè 14 rì， xīn yì huì tōng guò《 zuì gāo fǎ yuàn fǎ 'àn》， 2004 nián 7 yuè 1 rì chéng lì zuì gāo fǎ yuàn， xīn yǔ yīng guó shū mì yuàn jiān de lián xì chè dǐ zhōng zhǐ。 zhèng dǎng 1、 xīn xī lán gōng dǎng（ LabourParty）。 xiàn zhí zhèng dǎng。 1916 nián chéng lì。 gōng huì zǔ zhì hé máo lì rén shì gōng dǎng de chuán tǒng zhī chí zhě。 céng duō cì zhí zhèng。 1999 nián 12 yuè yǔ lián méng dǎng lián hé zhí zhèng。 2002 nián 8 yuè hé jìn bù lián méng dǎng lián hé zhí zhèng。 lǐng xiù hǎi lún · yī lì suō bái · kè lā kè（ HelenElizabethClark）。 zhù xí mài kè · wēi lián mǔ sī（ MikeWilliams）， gāo jí dū dǎo dài wéi · běn sēn。 2、 jìn bù lián méng dǎng（ ProgressiveParty）。 xiàn zhí zhèng dǎng。 yóu xīn xī lán lián méng dǎng qián lǐng xiù 'ān dé dùn yú 2002 nián 4 yuè zǔ jiàn， zài yì huì zhōng zhàn 2 xí， qí zhōng xuǎn qū yì yuán 1 xí， fēi xuǎn qū yì yuán 1 xí。 3、 xīn xī lán guó jiā dǎng（ NationalParty）。 xiàn zhù yào fǎn duì dǎng。 1936 nián yóu tǒng yī dǎng hé gǎi liáng dǎng hé bìng 'ér chéng。 céng duō cì zhí zhèng。 2002 nián 7 yuè dà xuǎn zhōng zāo shòu zhòng cuò， jǐn huò dé 27 gè xí wèi， bǐ shàng jiè yì huì jiǎn shǎo 12 gè xí wèi。 2003 nián 10 yuè， guó jiā dǎng cái zhèng shì wù fā yán rén táng · bù lā shí qǔ dài yīng gé lì xī， chéng wéi gāi dǎng lǐng xiù。 4、 xīn xī lán dì yī dǎng（ NZFirstParty）。 1993 nián 7 yuè chéng lì。 zhù yào zhī chí zhě shì lǎo nián rén、 zhōng xiǎo qǐ yè zhù hé dī shōu rù xuǎn mín jí máo lì rén děng。 1996 nián 12 yuè yǔ guó jiā dǎng lián hé zhí zhèng。 1998 nián 8 yuè， yǔ guó jiā dǎng de lián méng pò liè， chéng wéi fǎn duì dǎng。 lǐng xiù wēn sī dùn · bǐ dé sī（ WinstonPeters）。 2002 nián 8 yuè dà xuǎn zhōng， yì huì xí wèi cóng shàng jiè de 5 xí zēng zhì 13 xí。 5、 xīn xī lán xíng dòng dǎng（ ACTNewZealand）。 qián shēn shì qián gōng dǎng zhèng fǔ cái cháng dào gé lā sī chuàng lì de xiāo fèi zhě jí nà shuì rén xié huì， 1994 nián 11 yuè gǎi wéi xiàn míng， jiǎn chēng xíng dòng dǎng（ ACTParty）。 zhī chí zhě zhù yào shì dà cái tuán jí fù shāng。 lǐng xiù luó dé ní · hǎi dé（ RodneyHide）。 6、 lǜ dǎng（ GreenParty）。 qián shēn wéi jià zhí dǎng（ ValuesParty）， yú 1972 nián 5 yuè chéng lì。 1990 nián 5 yuè， jià zhí dǎng hé lǜ sè zǔ zhì hé bìng， gǎi chēng xiàn míng。 1991 nián jiā rù lián méng dǎng。 1997 nián 11 yuè， lǜ dǎng xuān bù bù zài zuò wéi lián méng dǎng chéng yuán cān jiā dà xuǎn。 zhēn nī tè · fěi cí xī méng sī（ JeanetteFitzsimons） rèn lǐng xiù。 7、 xīn xī lán lián hé wèi lái dǎng（ UnitedFutureNZParty）。 qián shēn lián hé dǎng（ UnitedNZParty） yú 1995 nián 6 yuè chéng lì。 2000 nián 11 yuè， yǔ wèi lái dǎng（ FutureNZParty） děng zhèng dǎng hé bìng， gǎi wéi xiàn míng。 2002 nián dà xuǎn zhōng， gāi dǎng yì xí cóng 1 xí zēng zhì 9 xí。 lǐng xiù bǐ dé · dèng 'ēn（ PeterDunne）。 8、 qí tā zhèng dǎng yòu： tài píng yáng jīng shén dǎng（ MauriPacific）、 bǎo shǒu dǎng（ ConservativeParty）、 mín zhù dǎng（ DemocraticParty）、 jī dū jiào yí chǎn dǎng（ ChristianHeritage） děng。 sān、 dì lǐ [ biān ji běn duàn ] xīn xī lán wèi yú tài píng yáng nán bù， ào dà lì yà dōng nán fāng yuē 1， 600 gōng lǐ chù， jiè yú nán jí zhōu hé chì dào zhī jiān， xī gé tǎ sī màn hǎi yǔ 'ào dà lì yà xiāng wàng， běi lín xīn kā lǐ duō ní yà、 tānɡ jiā、 fěi jì， zài nán wěi 34 dù zhì 47 dù zhī jiān。 xīn xī lán yóu běi dǎo、 nán dǎo、 sī tú 'ěr tè dǎo jí qí fù jìn yī xiē xiǎo dǎo zǔ chéng， miàn jī 27 wàn duō píng fāng gōng lǐ， zhuān shǔ jīng jì qū 120 wàn píng fāng gōng lǐ。 hǎi 'àn xiàn cháng 6900 gōng lǐ。 xīn xī lán sù yǐ“ lǜ sè” zhù chēng。 suī rán jìng nèi duō shān， shān dì hé qiū líng zhàn qí zǒng miàn jī 75％ yǐ shàng， dàn zhè lǐ shǔ wēn dài hǎi yáng xìng qì hòu， sì jì wēn chā bù dà， zhí wù shēngzhǎng shí fēn mào shèng， sēn lín fù gài shuài dá 29％， tiān rán mù chǎng huò nóng chǎng zhàn guó tǔ miàn jī de yī bàn。 guǎng mào de sēn lín hé mù chǎng shǐ xīn xī lán chéng wéi míng fù qí shí de lǜ sè wáng guó。 xīn xī lán shuǐ lì zī yuán fēng fù， quán guó 80％ de diàn lì wéi shuǐ lì fā diàn。 sēn lín miàn jī yuē zhàn quán guó tǔ dì miàn jī de 29％， shēng tài huán jìng fēi cháng hǎo。 běi dǎo duō huǒ shān hé wēn quán， nán dǎo duō bīng hé yǔ húpō。 běi dǎo dì yī fēng lǔ 'ā pèi hú huǒ shān gāo 2797 mǐ， huǒ shān shàng yòu xīn xī lán zuì dà de húpō táo bō hú， miàn jī 616 píng fāng gōng lǐ。 nán dǎo héng kuà nán wěi 40°~47°， dǎo shàng yòu quán guó dì yī fēng kù kè shān。 ā 'ěr bēi sī shān zhōng de fú lǎng cí · yuē sè fū bīng chuān hé fú kè sī bīng chuān， shì shì jiè shàng hǎi bá zuì dī de bīng chuān。 shān wài yòu yī xì liè bīng chuān hú， qí zhōng tè 'ā nǎo hú miàn jī 342 píng fāng gōng lǐ， shì xīn xī lán dì 'èr dà hú。 sū sè lán pù bù， luò chā 580 mǐ， jū shì jiè qián liè。 qì hòu xīn xī lán shǔ wēn dài hǎi yáng xìng qì hòu， jì jié yǔ běi bàn qiú xiāng fǎn。 xīn xī lán de 12 yuè zhì 2 yuè wéi xià tiān， 6 yuè zhì 8 yuè wéi dōng tiān。 xià jì píng jūn qì wēn 25 shè shì dù， dōng jì 10 shè shì dù， quán nián wēn chā yī bān bù chāo guò 15 dù。 gè dì nián píng jūn jiàng yǔ liàng wéi 400~1200 háo mǐ。 huán jìng xīn xī lán yuē yú yī yì nián qián yǔ dà lù fēn lí， cóng 'ér shǐ xǔ duō yuán shǐ de dòng zhí wù dé yǐ zài gū lì de huán jìng zhōng cún huó hé yǎn huà。 chú liǎo dú tè de zhí wù hé dòng wù zhī wài， zhè lǐ hái yòu dì xíng duō biàn de zhuàng lì zì rán jǐng guān。 xīn xī lán cóng gāng wǎ nà gǔ lù（ Gondwanaland） fēn lí zhī hòu， zhè xiē yuán shǐ de wù zhǒng biàn zài zhè kuài dú lì de tǔ dì shàng yǎn huà hé fán yǎn， zhù míng de zì rán xué jiā dà wèi · bèi lā mǐ（ DavidBellamy） chēng zhè lǐ shì“ mó yà fāng zhōu”（ Moa'sArk）， cǐ míng chēng lái zì xīn xī lán suǒ tè yòu de jù dà bù xíng niǎo“ mó yà”（ moa， yòu míng kǒng niǎo）， dàn xiàn zài yǐ jué zhǒng。 zì cóng rén lèi kāi shǐ zài xīn xī lán dìng jū yǐ lái， duǎn duǎn 1000 duō nián de shí jiān yǐ jīng shǐ xǔ duō yuán shēng wù zhǒng xiāo shī , dàn jìn nián lái xīn xī lán zhèng fǔ jiā dà liǎo zì rán bǎo hù de lì dù， qíng kuàng yǐ jīng yòu hěn dà de gǎi shàn。 bǎo hù cuò shī bāo kuò xiāo miè yě shēng dòng wù bǎo hù qū de yòu hài shēng wù、 jiàn lì liǎo 13 zuò guó jiā gōng yuán、 3 zuò hǎi yáng gōng yuán、 shù bǎi zuò zì rán bǎo hù qū hé shēng tài qū、 1 gè hǎi yáng yǔ shī dì bǎo hù wǎng luò， yǐ jí bǎo hù tè bié de hé liú yǔ húpō。 xīn xī lán zǒng jì yuē yòu 30% de guó tǔ wéi bǎo hù qū。 lìng wài， xiàng kakapo yīng wǔ、 chuí 'ěr yā、 jǐ wéi niǎo hé dà xī yì děng zhēn xī yǔ bīn wēi wù zhǒng de yán jiū hé guǎn lǐ jìhuà yě kāi shǐ zhí xíng。 zhí wù suī rán jīng guò rén lèi 1000 duō nián de kǎn fá， xīn xī lán réng yòu sì fēn zhī yī de guó tǔ réng shì mào mì de sēn lín ―― dà bù fèn wèi yú gāo yuán dì qū。 zhè xiē dì qū dà dū shǔ yú guó jiā gōng yuán hé sēn lín gōng yuán， jìn zhǐ kāi fā， nín kě yǐ jìn qíng xiǎng shòu qí zhōng de yě qù。 xīn xī lán sēn lín de tè diǎn shì wēn hé、 cháng lǜ de yǔ lín , qí zhōng yòu jù dà de shù jué、 téng lèi hé fù shēng zhí wù―― kàn qǐ lái hěn fú hé yī bān cóng lín de múyàng。 jù dà de bèi ké shān shì shì jiè shàng zuì dà de zhí wù zhī yī， mù qián shēngzhǎng zài xiāng duì jiào xiǎo de běi dǎo 'āo dì yǔ kē luó màn dé 'ěr bàn dǎo。 dòng wù xīn xī lán shì hǎn jiàn niǎo lèi de tiān táng。 zuì zhù míng de shì bù huì fēi de qí yì niǎo， xīn xī lán de fēi zhèng shì guó jiā biāo zhì。 qí tā bù huì fēi de niǎo hái yòu wēi kǎ yāng jī (weka) jí bīn lín miè jué de kakapo yīng wǔ， zhè shì quán shì jiè zuì dà de yīng wǔ， tā zhǐ néng pá dào dī 'ǎi de guàn mù huò jiào xiǎo de shù shàng。 lìng yī zhǒng qí tè de niǎo lèi shì hǎo qí xīn hěn zhòng de zhuó yáng yīng wǔ ( yuán shēng gāo dì yīng wǔ )， zhè zhǒng yīng wǔ huì fēi， yǐ bù pà rén lèi hé dà dǎn de gè xìng 'ér wén míng。 guó jiā gōng yuán běi dǎo ài gé méng tè guó jiā gōng yuán EgmontNationalPark wū léi wēi lā guó jiā gōng yuán TeUreweraNationalPark dōng jiā lǐ luó guó jiā gōng yuán TongariroNationalPark wàng jiā nǔ yī guó jiā gōng yuán WhanganuiNationalPark nán dǎo ā bèi 'ěr · tǎ sī màn guó jiā gōng yuán AbelTasmanNationalPark yà sè 'ài kǒu guó jiā gōng yuán Arthur ’ sPassNationalPark kù kè shān guó jiā gōng yuán Aoraki/MountCookNationalPark xiá wān guó jiā gōng yuán FiordlandNationalPark kǎ hú lǎng jí guó jiā gōng yuán KahurangiNationalPark 'ā sī pài líng shān guó jiā gōng yuán Mt.AspiringNationalPark ní 'ěr sēn hú guó jiā gōng yuán NelsonLakesNationalPark pà pà luó wǎ guó jiā gōng yuán PaparoaNationalPark xī qū guó jiā gōng yuán Westland/TaiPoutiniNationalPark sī tú 'ěr tè dǎo léi qí 'ōu lā guó jiā gōng yuán RakiuraNationalPark sì、 jīng jì [ biān ji běn duàn ] xīn xī lán shì yī gè xiàn dài、 fán róng de fā dá guó jiā。 2006 nián guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí wéi 1038.73 yì měi yuán（ 2006 nián， shì jiè dì 53 míng）； rén jūn 29,698 měi yuán（ shì jiè dì 27 míng）； rén lèi fā zhǎn zhǐ shù wéi 0.943（ gāo， shì jiè dì 19 míng， yòu suǒ shàng shēng）。 xùmù yè shì xīn xī lán jīng jì de jī chǔ， xīn xī lán nóng mù chǎn pǐn chū kǒu liàng zhàn qí chū kǒu zǒng liàng de 50％， yáng ròu、 nǎi zhì pǐn hé cū yáng máo de chū kǒu liàng jūn jū shì jiè dì yī wèi。 xīn xī lán hái shì shì jiè shàng zuì dà de lù róng shēng chǎn guó hé chū kǒu guó， shēng chǎn liàng zhàn shì jiè zǒng chǎn liàng de 30％。 kuàng cáng zhù yào yòu méi、 jīn、 tiě kuàng、 tiān rán qì， hái yòu yín、 měng、 wū、 lín suān yán、 shí yóu děng， dàn chǔ liàng bù dà。 shí yóu chǔ liàng 3000 wàn dūn， tiān rán qì chǔ liàng wéi 1700 yì lì fāng mǐ。 sēn lín zī yuán fēng fù， sēn lín miàn jī 810 wàn gōng qǐng， zhàn quán guó tǔ dì miàn jī de 30％， qí zhōng 630 wàn gōng qǐng wéi tiān rán lín， 180 wàn gōng qǐng wéi rén zào lín， zhù yào chǎn pǐn yòu yuán mù、 yuán mù、 mù jiāng、 zhǐ jí mù bǎn děng。 yú chǎn fēng fù。 gōng yè yǐ nóng lín mù chǎn pǐn jiā gōng wéi zhù， zhù yào yòu nǎi zhì pǐn、 máo tǎn、 shí pǐn、 niàng jiǔ、 pí gé、 yān cǎo、 zào zhǐ hé mù cái jiā gōng děng qīng gōng yè， chǎn pǐn zhù yào gōng chū kǒu。 nóng yè gāo dù jī xiè huà。 zhù yào nóng zuò wù yòu xiǎo mài、 dà mài、 yàn mài、 shuǐ guǒ děng。 liáng shí bù néng zìjǐ， xū cóng 'ào dà lì yà jìn kǒu。 xùmù yè fā dá， shì xīn xī lán jīng jì de jī chǔ。 xùmù yè yòng dì wéi 1352 wàn gōng qǐng， zhàn guó tǔ miàn jī de yī bàn。 rǔ zhì pǐn yǔ ròu lèi shì xīn zuì zhòng yào de chū kǒu chǎn pǐn。 cū yáng máo chū kǒu liàng jū shì jiè dì yī wèi， zhàn shì jiè zǒng chǎn liàng de 25％。 xīn xī lán yú chǎn fēng fù， shì shì jiè dì sì dà zhuān shǔ jīng jì qū， 200 hǎi lǐ zhuān shǔ jīng jì qū nèi bǔ yú qián lì měi nián yuē 50 wàn dūn。 chú liǎo zhù yào chǎn yè shí wù jiā gōng yè（ ròu lèi yǔ rǔ pǐn） yǔ gōng yè zhī wài， xīn xī lán de shí wù jiā gōng jì shù、 diàn xùn、 sù liào、 fǎng zhì、 lín mù zhì pǐn、 diàn zǐ、 dēng shān yòng pǐn yǔ fú shì děng fāng miàn de jìng zhēng lì yě yuè lái yuè lái qiáng。 jìn nián lái， tè shū shēng huó fēng gé yòng pǐn de yè zhě， rú fān chuán， yě zài jí sù zēngzhǎng。 xīn xī lán de gǔ piào zhǐ shù NZX shàng gè shì gè yàng de gōng sī， zhèng fǎn yìng liǎo zhè xiē chǎn yè。 wǔ、 wén huà [ biān ji běn duàn ] máo lì wén huà xīn xī lán 400 wàn rén kǒu zhōng yuē 15% shì máo lì hòu yì， huò shì shǔ yú mǒu gè bù luò。 máo lì rén jiè yóu huá kǎ pà pà（ whakapapa， xì pǔ tú） kě zhuī sù dào chéng zhe wǎ kǎ（ waka， dú mù zhōu） héng dù liáo kuò de tài píng yáng 'ér lái de zǔ xiān。 máo lì rén yòu zhe fēng fù yòu huó pō de wén huà， bǎo liú liǎo tā men cháng jiǔ yǐ lái yǔ jīng shén hé zì rán shì jiè de lián jié。 tā men yǐ zì jǐ tè bié de“ mǐ xī”（ mihi， wèn hòu） fāng shì tòu guò lái chuán chéng zì jǐ de jiā shì。 máo lì rén zài mǐ xī zhōng shuō chū tā men de“ máng jiā”（ maunga， shān）、“ ā wǎ”（ awa， hé）、“ mǎ léi”（ marae， huì táng）、“ wǎ kǎ”、“ yǐn wéi”（ iwi， bù luò） hé“ tí bù nà”（ tipuna， zhòng yào de zǔ xiān） de míng zì。 xīn xī lán yuē sì fēn zhī yī de máo lì rén shǐ yòng“ dì léi 'ōu máo lì yǔ”（ TereoMaori）。 shǐ yòng zhè zhǒng yǔ yán de rén dà yuē yòu yī bàn bù dào 'èr shí wǔ suì。 zhè shì zhǒng bō lǐ ní xī yà yǔ yán（ lèi sì qí tā dà yáng zhōu yǔ， rú xià wēi yí yǔ hé dà xī dì yǔ）， yòu yī zhǒng dú tè de shī gǎn hé yīnyuè xìng。 máo lì yǔ shì xīn xī lán de guān fāng yǔ yán zhī yī。 kiwi kiwi chú liǎo yòng lái chēng hū qí yì niǎo， zhè gè cí hái yòng lái chēng hū xīn xī lán rén， zuì zǎo kě zhuī sù zhì dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn， zhè shì dāng nián xīn xī lán shì bīng de chuò hào。 zài guó jì huò bì shì chǎng shàng， xīn xī lán de jī běn huò bì dān wèi héng héng xīn xī lán yuán， yě cháng bèi chēng wéi“ qí yì”， yīn wéi qián bì yī miàn shàng tóu de yòu zhǐ qí yì niǎo。 ér zuì zhù míng de“ qí yì” kě néng shì měi wèi de qí yì guǒ。 qí yì guǒ yuán chǎn yú zhōng guó， yí zhí dào xīn xī lán shí bèi chēng wéi“ zhōng guó cù lì”。 dàn shì xīn xī lán guǒ nóng zài dà liàng chū kǒu zhè zhǒng shuǐ guǒ shí， wéi tā qǔ míng wéi qí yì guǒ， xiàn zài yǐ wén míng quán shì jiè。 pú táo jiǔ xīn xī lán de zhù yào pú táo zāizhòng dì shì zài gān zào、 yáng guāng pǔ zhào de dōng bù dì qū， qí zhōng bāo kuò jí sī bó 'ēn（ Gisborne）、 huò kè wān（ Hawke’ sBay） hé mǎ 'ěr bǎo（ Marlborough） sān gè zhù yào dì qū。 qí tā zhù yào dì qū hái yòu 'ào kè lán（ Auckland）、 mǎ dīng bǎo（ Martinborough）、 ní 'ěr sēn（ Nelson） hé zhōng 'ào tǎ gē（ CentralOtago）。 zhè xiē dì qū wèi yú wěi dù 36 zhì 45 dù zhī jiān， zòng cháng 1600 gōng lǐ。 lèi sì yú běi bàn qiú cóng bō 'ěr duō（ wěi dù zài 44 zhì 46 dù zhī jiān） dào nán biān de xī bān yá。 zài zhè yàng yī gè qì hòu yǔ tǔ zhì dū shí fēn hé shì de dì qū zāizhòng pú táo， jiēguǒ jiù fā zhǎn chū zhǒng zhǒng bù tóng de fēng gé。 xīn xī lán de pǐn jiǔ guān guāng yuè lái yuè shòu zhòng shì， yè zhě cháng gǔ lì yóu kè yán zhe“ jīng diǎn xīn xī lán měi jiǔ gōng lù”（ ClassicNewZealandWineTrail） tàn fǎng jiǔ zhuāng， cānyù huó dòng。 jǐ gè zhù yào chǎn jiǔ qū měi nián dū huì jǔ bàn měi jiǔ yǔ měi shí jié， ér qiě dà duō shù jiǔ zhuāng kāi fàng yóu kè pǐn jiǔ。 bù shǎo dà xíng jiǔ zhuāng hái jiān jīng yíng cān tīng yǔ kā fēi guǎn， bìng tí gōng líng shòu hé wǎng shàng xiāo shòu。 yì shù xīn xī lán de yì shù yǔ wén huà dé zì yú gè gè zhǒng zú， chǎn shēng liǎo jié hé máo lì rén、 ōu zhōu rén、 yà zhōu rén hé dà yáng zhōu rén de tè zhì。 xīn xī lán de yì shù juàn fǎn yìng liǎo zhè zhǒng róng hé。 xīn xī lán zuì yòu jià zhí de huì huà zhōng， yòu xiē shì yóu chá 'ěr sī · gāo dì（ CharlesGoldie） yú shí jiǔ shì jì suǒ huà de máo lì rén huà xiàng。 huà jiā kē lín · mài kǎ hóng（ ColinMcCahon） de zuò pǐn shǐ yòng liǎo wén zì、 jī dū jiào xiào xiàng yǔ máo lì yǔ yán yǐ jí shén huà， tā bèi xǔ duō rén rèn wéi shì xīn xī lán zuì wěi dà de yì shù jiā。 xǔ duō yì láng chú liǎo zhǎn chū zhè xiē zuò pǐn， hái yòu qí tā yì shù jiā de zuò pǐn， rú léi 'ěr fū · hā tè léi（ RalphHotere） hé gé léi mǔ · xī ní（ GrahameSydney）。 wén xué yòu xǔ duō xīn xī lán zuò jiā jiāng máo lì wén huà yǔ chuán shuō xiě jìn yīng wén wén xué zuò pǐn zhōng。 kǎi lì · hú mǔ（ KeriHulme） yǐ jí jù chuàng yì de xiǎo shuō《 TheBonePeople》 ér huò dé quán wēi de bù kè wén xué jiǎng de kěn dìng。 yě yòu zuò jiā jié liǎo liǎng zhǒng wén huà， chuàng zào chū bié jù tè sè de xīn xī lán wén xué， qí zhōng bāo kuò pài cuì xī yà · gé léi sī（ PatriciaGrace）、 wéi tí · yī xī mǎ 'āi lā（ WitiIhimaera） hé hóng nèi · tú huá léi（ HoneTuwhare）。 ài lún · dù fū（ AlanDuff） yǐ zhù zuò《 zhàn shì qí bīng》（ OnceWereWarriors） ér wén míng， bìng yóu dǎo yǎn lǐ · tǎ mǎ hú lǐ（ LeeTamahori， 007 diàn yǐng《 shuí yǔ zhēng fēng》 de dǎo yǎn） yú 2002 nián bān shàng dà yín mù。 yǐng shì hǎo lāi wù yòu shǐ yǐ lái de zuì dà zhì zuò，《 mó jiè》 shì yóu bǐ dé · jié kè xùn（ PeterJackson） zài xīn xī lán pāi shè， xīn xī lán de dì fāng diàn yǐng gōng yè suí zhe zhè bù jù piàn de chéng gōng 'ér chí xù chéng cháng zhōng。 zhè gè sān bù qū de tóu liǎng bù gòng dé dào liù zuò 'ào sī kǎ jiǎng， ér dì sān bù《 wáng zhě guī lái》 yě yǐ yú 2003 nián 12 yuè shàng yìng。 xīn xī lán de fēng jǐng chū xiàn zài zhè xì liè diàn yǐng zhōng， ér xǔ duō qǔ jǐng dì wèi yú xīn xī lán de guó jiā gōng yuán yǔ bǎo hù qū nèi。 gēn jù wéi tí · yī xī mǎ 'āi lā yuán zhù xiǎo shuō gǎi biān， yóu nī jī · kǎ luó（ NikiCaro） zhí dǎo de diàn yǐng《 jīng qí shì》（ WhaleRider） zài 2002 nián de duō lún duō guó jì yǐng zhǎn lǐ lìng guān zhòng dà wéi jīng yàn， bìng dé dào guān zhòng piào xuǎn zuì jiā diàn yǐng。 zhè bù piàn miáo huì liǎo yī gè xiǎo máo lì cūn luò de shēng huó， bìng jiā rù liǎo méi tǎ huí tí（ MaiTawhiti） de biǎo yǎn， tā men shì yī gè kǎ pà hā kǎ（ kapahaka， biǎo yǎn yì shù） tuán tǐ。《 jīng qí shì》 pāi shè dì diǎn zài dōng bù dì qū jí sī bó 'ēn de yī gè xiǎo cūn zhuāng， zhè lǐ yě shì quán shì jiè zuì zǎo kàn dào yī tiān rì chū de dì fāng。 《 jīng qí shì》 shì kǎi sà · kǎ sī tè - xiū yī sī（ KeishaCastle-Hughes） de chǔnǚ zuò， dàn shì yīn wéi tā zài zhè bù diàn yǐng de jīng cǎi yǎn chū， tā huò dé liǎo 'ào sī kǎ zuì jiā nǚ zhùjué tí míng， bìng chéng wéi lì shǐ shàng huò dé gāi jiǎng xiàng tí míng zuì nián qīng de yǎn yuán。 xīn xī lán yǐng tán zuì jìn de dà zhì zuò yòu bǐ dé · jié kè xùn chóngpāi de jù piàn《 jīn gāng》， gāi piàn yú 2005 nián 12 yuè shàng yìng。 chū shēng yú xīn xī lán de 'ān dé lǔ · yà dāng sēn yǐ dòng huàpiān《 shǐ ruì kè》 ér wén míng， tā dǎo yǎn pāi shè liǎo《 nà ní yà chuán qí》（ TheLion， theWitchandtheWardrobe）， gēn jù lì wéi sī（ C.S.Levis） qí huàn xiǎo shuō《 nà ní yà gù shì jí》（ Narnia） gǎi biān 'ér chéng， zhè bù diàn yǐng yě zài 2005 nián 12 yuè shàng yìng。 gāi piàn zài xīn xī lán zhù hěn duō míng de dì diǎn xuǎn jǐng， bāo kuò liǎo 'ào kè lán de wǔ dé shān sēn lín（ WoodhillForest）， kǎn tè bó léi de yáng qún shān chē zhàn（ FlockHillStation） hé dèng tè lún（ Duntroon） fù jìn de dà xiàng yán shí qū（ ElephantRocks）。 yīnyuè xīn xī lán de yīn lè yě xī yǐn liǎo quán shì jiè de zhù yì。 jǐ gè yuètuán rú dá sāng shì（ TheDatsuns）、 TheD4、 dà yáng zhōu rén（ Pacifier） hé 'ā ní kǎ mó wǎ（ AnikaMoa）， dū yǔ guó jì chàngpiān gōng sī qiān liǎo yuē。 mò wǎ nà · mǎ nī yà bō tuō（ MoanaManiapoto） hé tā de bù zú yuètuán（ TheTribe） yǐ máo lì yuán yīn yíng dé guó wài de zàn yù。 chú liǎo liú xíng yuètuán“ yōng jǐ zhī wū”（ CrowedHouse） de tuán cháng ní 'ěr · fēn（ NeilFinn） zhī wài， xīn xī lán gē jù gē shǒu dān · qí lǐ · dì · kǎ nà wǎ（ DameKiriTeKanawa） hé dān · mǎ wéi nà · méi jié（ DameMalvinaMajor） dōuzài guó wài yǎn chū。 shàonǚ gē shǒu hǎi lì（ HayleyWestenra） de zhuān ji《 chún jìng》（ Pure）， fā xíng dì yī zhōu jiù dēng shàng yīng guó gǔ diǎn páiháng bǎng dì yī míng， mài dé bǐ zhù míng nán gāo yīn pà huá luò dì hé bō gā lì de zhuān ji hái hǎo。 liù、 jiào yù [ biān ji běn duàn ] xīn xī lán de jiào yù tǐ zhì bèi shì wéi shì jiè shàng zuì hǎo de jiào yù tǐ zhì zhī yī， tā men tōng guò xué xiào、 dà xué、 jì gōng xué yuàn hé qí tā jiào yù jī gòu tí gōng gāo zhì liàng jiào yù， xīn xī lán de jiào yù tǐ xì yuán yú yīng guó de chuán tǒng jiào yù tǐ zhì， quán guó shí xíng tǒng yī de jiào yù tǐ xì， jiào yù jīng fèi kāi zhī zhàn zhèng fǔ kāi zhī dì sān wèi。 zǎo qī yòu 'ér jiào yù bù shì yì wù jiào yù， ér shì zài yīng yòu 'ér shàng xué qián de zhào gù， zǎo qī yòu 'ér jiào yù fú wù bāo kuò yòu 'ér yuán、 tuō 'ér suǒ、 yóu lè zhōng xīn、 jiā tíng rì tuō、 ér tóng kānhù zhōng xīn jí shè qū yóu lè yuán。 yòu 'ér yuán ( měi zhōu )5.00-10.00 xīn yuán。 zhōng xiǎo xué jiào yù zài xīn xī lán， 6 zhì 16 suì de hái zǐ dū bì xū jiē shòu xiǎo xué、 zhōng xué hé gāo zhōng yì wù jiào yù， quán guó yòu 66 wàn zhōng xiǎo xué shēng jiù dú yǔ 2,800 duō suǒ guó lì zhōng xiǎo xué， zhèng fǔ měi nián duì zhōng xiǎo xué jiào yù de tóu rù dá 20 yì xīn xī lán yuán， xīn xī lán de dà duō shù hái zǐ 5 suì kāi shǐ shàng xué， 19 suì yǐ qián zài gōng lì xué xiào（ zhèng fǔ bō kuǎn） shàng xué wéi miǎn fèi jiào yù， jiē shòu tè shū jiào yù de xué shēng（ yòu cán jí、 xué xí hé xíng wéi zhàng 'ài） nián líng yán cháng dào 'èr shí yī suì， gōng lì xué xiào yóu xīn xī lán zhèng fǔ tí gōng jīng fèi bìng qiě biàn bù xīn xī lán gè dì。 gāo děng jiào yù shàng wán zhōng xué de xué shēng kě yǐ jì xù jiē shòu gāo děng jiào yù hé péi xùn， zhè kě yǐ zài lǐ gōng xué yuàn、 jiào yù xué yuàn、 dà xué hé sī lì péi xùn jī gòu jìn xíng， xué shēng xū yào wèitā men de gāo děng jiào yù jiǎo nà xué fèi。 dà yuē 800 duō jiā sī lì péi xùn jī gòu tí gōng fàn wéi guǎng fàn de xué xí jìhuà， qí zhōng de mǒu xiē kè chéng kě huò dé quán guó xué lì rèn kě。 xīn xī lán gè dà xué míng chēng jí suǒ zài dì ào kè lán dà xué TheUniversityofAuckland- ào kè lán ào kè lán lǐ gōng dà xué AucklandUniversityofTechnology- ào kè lán huì líng dùn wéi duō lì yà dà xué VictoriaUniversityofWellington- huì líng dùn méi xī dà xué MasseyUniversity- běi pà mò sī dùn、 ào kè lán、 huì líng dùn kǎn tè bó léi dà xué UniversityofCanterbury- jī dū chéng lín kěn dà xué LincolnUniversity- jī dū chéng ào tǎ gē dà xué UniversityofOtago- dá ní dīng huái kǎ tuō dà xué TheUniversityofWaikato- hā mì 'ěr dùn shēng huó jí zhù sù fèi yīn suǒ zài chéng shì jí jū zhù huán jìng bù tóng 'ér yì， yī bān měi nián yuē wéi 9000 zhì 11000 xīn yuán。 kè chéng xué xí yán jiū shēng yǐ gōng dú kè chéng wéi zhù， jī lěi yī dìng xué fēn hòu jí kě huò dé yán jiū shēng wén píng huò shuò shì xué wèi， zhǐ yào yòu liáng hǎo de dà xué bì yè bèi jǐng（ zhōng guó zhèng guī dà xué bì yè yì kě） hé liáng hǎo yīng wén shuǐ píng， zé bù nán bào dú shuò shì yán jiū shēng kè chéng， zhè zhǒng kè chéng de lìng yī gè tū chū yōu diǎn shì kě yǐ kuà xué kē xuǎn dú， lì rú yuán lái shì lǐ gōng huò wén kē dà xué bì yè de， yě kě yǐ gǎi dú shāng kē， ér yǐ kè tí yán jiū wéi zhù de yán jiū shēng bì xū cóng shì dà liàng yán jiū bìng dì jiāo gāo shuǐ píng de lùn wén hòu cái kě huò dé shuò shì xué wèi huò bó shì xué wèi， wén píng kè chéng yī bān wéi yī nián dào yī nián bàn， shuò shì kè chéng yī bān wéi yī nián bàn dào liǎng nián， bó shì kè chéng xū yào 'èr nián dào sān nián shí jiān。 wéi bāng zhù jīng jì tiáo jiàn jiào chā de xué shēng wán chéng xué yè， zhèng fǔ zhì dìng liǎo miǎn xī xué shēng dài kuǎn zhèng cè， gāi zhèng cè shǐ dé xué shēng kě yǐ cóng zhèng fǔ huò dé zú yǐ zhī fù xué zá fèi de dài kuǎn hé yòng yú zhī fù rì cháng shēng huó de xué shēng jīn tiē， dāng rán， shēn qǐng rén bì xū shì xīn xī lán gōng mín huò zhě yòu xīn xī lán de yǒng jū qiān zhèng， qí zhōng， xué shēng jīn tiē bù xū yào guī hái， xué shēng dài kuǎn dài xué shēng bì yè zhǎo dào gōng zuò hòu， gēn jù shōu rù de duō shǎo zhú bù cháng hái gěi zhèng fǔ。 qī、 wài jiāo [ biān ji běn duàn ] xīn xī lán wài jiāo zhèng cè de gēn běn mù de shì wéi hù shì jiè， tè bié shì tài píng yáng dì qū de hé píng， yǐ bǎo zhàng xīn xī lán de zhù quán yǔ 'ān quán； cù jìn xīn xī lán jīng jì fán róng jí yǔ qí tā guó jiā de jīng jì mào yì guān xì。 yǔ zhōng guó guān xì 1972 nián 12 yuè 22 rì， xīn xī lán yǔ zhōng guó jiàn jiāo yǐ lái， liǎng guó yǒu hǎo hé zuò guān xì bù duàn fā zhǎn。 1999 nián 9 yuè， zhōng guó guó jiā zhù xí jiāng zé mín duì xīn xī lán jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn， zhè shì zhōng guó guó jiā yuán shǒu shǒu cì fǎng wèn xīn xī lán。 2000 nián 11 yuè， zǒng dū bó yī sī fǎng wèn zhōng guó。 2001 nián 4 yuè， xīn xī lán zǒng lǐ kè lā kè fǎng huá。 2003 nián 10 yuè， hú jǐn tāo zhù xí duì xīn xī lán jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn。 2005 nián 5 yuè， wú bāng guó wěi yuán cháng duì xīn xī lán jìn xíng yǒu hǎo fǎng wèn。 2005 nián 5 yuè， xīn xī lán zǒng lǐ kè lā kè duì zhōng guó jìn xíng gōng zuò fǎng wèn。 2006 nián 4 yuè， wēn jiā bǎo zǒng lǐ duì xīn xī lán jìn xíng zhèng shì fǎng wèn， liǎng guó qiān shǔ liǎo yī xì liè hé zuò xié yì hé wén jiàn。 jìn nián lái， shuāng biān jīng mào guān xì fā zhǎn xùn sù。 zhōng guó mù qián shì xīn xī lán zuì zhòng yào de mào yì huǒ bàn zhī yī。 2005 nián， zhōng xīn shuāng biān mào yì 'é dá 26.8 yì měi yuán。 xīn xī lán shì dì yī gè chéng rèn zhōng guó shì chǎng jīng jì dì wèi de fā dá guó jiā， yě shì dì yī gè yǔ zhōng guó kāi zhǎn shuāng biān zì yóu mào yì xié dìng tán pàn de fā dá guó jiā。 2004 nián 12 yuè， zhōng guó héng héng xīn xī lán zì yóu mào yì qū tán pàn zhèng shì qǐ dòng。 bā、 qí tā [ biān ji běn duàn ] lǚ yóu xīn xī lán lǚ yóu yè de lì shǐ shí fēn jiǔ yuǎn。 xīn xī lán lǚ yóu jú shì quán shì jiè zuì zǎo chéng lì guān guāng jī gòu de guó jiā， tā gāng yú 2001 nián huān dù yī bǎi zhōu nián qìng。 xīn xī lán zhèng fǔ yú 1901 nián 2 yuè 1 rì chéng lì quán qiú dì yī gè zhì lì yú lǚ yóu yè de zhèng fǔ bù mén， zhè shì míng zhì de tóu zī。 chéng lì zhī chū zhǐ yòu wǔ qiān míng guó wài guān guāng kè， rú jīn měi nián yòu 230 duō wàn míng lái zì hǎi wài de yóu kè bài fǎng xīn xī lán， lǚ yóu yè yě chéng wéi xīn xī lán zuì dà de wài huì lái yuán zhī yī。 lǚ yóu yè měi nián wéi xīn xī lán dài lái chāo guò liù shí liù yì niǔ bì de shōu rù， zhè gè shù zì réng zài kuài sù chéng cháng zhōng。 ào zhōu shì xīn xī lán lǚ yóu de zuì dà shì chǎng， měi nián yuē yòu 87.5 wàn yóu kè lái zì 'ào dà lì yà。 zhì 2005 nián 10 yuè wéi zhǐ， xīn xī lán guò qù shí 'èr gè yuè nèi de dào fǎng rén shù bǐ qù nián tóng qī chéngzhǎng 3%。 ào dà lì yà 884， 056； jiā ná dà 44， 277； zhōng guó dà lù 100， 844； dé guó 58， 807； xiāng gǎng tè bié xíng zhèng qū 24， 256；； yìn dù 20， 210； rì běn 141， 291； hán guó 109， 244； mǎ lái xī yà 21， 258； hé lán 26， 798； běi 'ōu dì qū 29， 343； xīn jiā pō 29， 300； zhōng guó tái wān 28， 585； tài guó 17， 998； yīng guó 289， 324； měi guó 224， 285； zǒng jì 2， 049， 876。 * suǒ yòu shù jù tǒng jì qī xiàn zì 2005 nián 10 yuè dào 2006 nián 9 yuè， lái yuán： StatisticsNewZealand zhù sù xīn xī lán kě yǐ wéi nín tí gōng duō zhǒng bù tóng dàng cì de zhù sù xuǎn zé， cóng háo huá bīn guǎn dào bié zhì de xiāng cūn dù jiǎ bié shù， zài dào wēn xīn de bēibāo lǚ guǎn， yīngyǒu jìn yòu。 tè bié shì zài xīn xī lán xià tiān de lǚ yóu wàng jì： 12 yuè zhì cì nián 2 yuè， zuì hǎo tí qián yù dìng zuì chū liǎng wǎn de zhù sù。 qǐng dào dāng dì yóu kè xìn xī zhōng xīn， ān pái yǐ hòu de lǚ xíng。 Qualmark zhù sù píng gū xì tǒng： Qualmark shì xīn xī lán de zhù sù zhì liàng píng gū xì tǒng。 dài yòu Qualmark biāo zhì de lǚ guǎn měi nián dōuyào jīng guò zhuān yè píng gū yuán de píng gū。 1 xīng jí： kě yǐ jiē shòu。 néng fú hé zhù kè de zuì dī xū yào。 shǔ jī běn mǎn zú zhù sù yào qiú de zhěng jié hé shū shì de zhù sù huán jìng。 2 xīng jí： bù cuò。 yòu xiē fú wù jí shè shī chāo chū zhù kè jī běn xū yào。 3 xīng jí： hěn hǎo。 shè shī yǔ fú wù wán bèi， dá dào hǎo zhì fēi cháng hǎo de fú wù biāo zhǔn。 4 xīng jí： yōu yì。 shè shī yǔ fú wù wán bèi， yī guàn bǎo chí gāo shuǐ píng fú wù。 5 xīng jí： dǐng jí。 shǔ xīn xī lán zuì gāo shuǐ zhǔn。 appliedfor： biǎo míng mǒu gè lǚ guǎn shàng wèi jīng guò píng gū hé / huò shàng wèi píng dìng jí bié。 zhuózhuāng xīn xī lán běi bù wéi yà rè dài qì hòu， nán bù wéi wēn dài qì hòu。 zuì wēn nuǎn de yuè fèn wéi 12 yuè、 1 yuè hé 2 yuè； zuì lěng de yuè fèn wéi 6 yuè、 7 yuè hé 8 yuè。 zài xià jì， píng jūn zuì gāo qì wēn zài shè shì 20 dù zhì 30 dù zhī jiān； dōng jì wéi shè shì 10 dù zhì 15 dù zhī jiān。 dà duō shù chǎng hé zhōng， kě zhe suí yì de xiū xián fú zhuāng。 dà duō shù cān tīng hé xiāo yè chǎng suǒ dū jiē nà zhe biàn zhuāng de kè rén。 nán shì yī bān wú xū chuān xī zhuāng、 dǎ lǐng dài， zhǐ yòu dà chéng shì zhōng de shǎo shù dǐng jí zhèng shì cān tīng hé jiǔ bā lì wài。 xià tiān shí yìng dài yī jiàn qīng biàn de wài tào huò hòu yùn dòng shān， yǐ fáng tiān qì zhuǎn liáng huò shì dēng shàng hǎi bá jiào gāo de dì qū shí qì wēn jiàng dī。 zhè lǐ yòu shí huì xià yǔ， suǒ yǐ qǐng xié dài qīng biàn de fáng shuǐ wài tào huò jiā kè。 rú guǒ shì zài 5 yuè zhì 9 yuè qī jiān dào fǎng， qǐng dài bǎo nuǎn de dōng yī， bìng duō chuān jǐ jiàn yī fú。 yǐn shí xīn xī lán de“ huán tài píng yáng” liào lǐ fēng gé shì shòu dào 'ōu zhōu、 tài guó、 mǎ lái xī yà、 yìn dù ní xī yà、 bō lì ní xī yà、 rì běn hé yuè nán suǒ yǐng xiǎng。 quán guó gè dì de kā fēi guǎn hé cān tīng dū tí gōng zhè zhǒng jié hé gè dì tè sè de liào lǐ， lìng rén chuí xián sān chǐ。 rú guǒ xiǎng pǐn cháng dì dào de xīn xī lán fēng gé , kě diǎn yáng ròu、 zhū ròu、 lù ròu、 guī yú、 xiǎo lóng xiā、 bù lā fū mǔ lì、 bào yú、 yí bèi、 shàn bèi、 gān shǔ、 qí yì guǒ hé shù fān qié (tamarillo) děng pēng zhì de cài pǐn , hái yòu zuì jù dài biǎo xìng de xīn xī lán tián diǎn“ pà luò wá” (pavlova), zhè shì yǐ bái nǎi yóu hé xīn xiān shuǐ guǒ huò jiāng guǒ pū zài dàn bái shuāng shàng zhì chéng de。 chú liǎo dà chéng shì lǐ shǎo shù gāo jí háo huá cān tīng zhī wài， xiàn dài cháo liú zǒu xiàng gèng qīng sōng de kā fēi―― jiǔ bā shì cān yǐn fēng gé。 yì guó liào lǐ bāo kuò rì shì、 yìn dù shì、 qīng zhēn shì、 yì shì、 mò xī gē shì、 zhōng shì、 mǎ lái xī yà shì hé tài shì。 quán xīn xī lán gòng yòu 900 duō jiā yà zhōu liào lǐ cān tīng。 dào liǎo xīn xī lán， qiān wàn bié wàng liǎo duō cháng cháng xīn xī lán de pú táo jiǔ。 xiū xián xīn xī lán yòu shí sì jiā dù jiǎ zhuāng yuán míng liè“ xiǎo 'ér měi lǚ guǎn shì jiè pái míng”（ SmallLuxuryHotelsoftheWorld） zhī zhōng。 cǐ wài， hái yòu qí tā xǔ duō biàn bù xīn xī lán jīng zhì lǚ guǎn tí gōng gāo pǐn zhì de zhù sù， tōng cháng wèi yú rén yān hǎn zhì de dì qū。 xiàn zài yuè lái yuè duō zhù sù dì diǎn tí gōng Spa。 yóu yú xīn xī lán dì chù huán tài píng yáng huǒ xiàn（ PacificRimofFire） shàng， yīn cǐ dào chù dōuyòu dì rè wēn quán。 shù bǎi nián lái， zhè xiē wēn quán dì shì dāng dì máo lì rén de zuì 'ài， ér dāng 'ōu zhōu rén kāi shǐ zhù zhòng kuàng quán de yǎng shēn gōng xiào zhī hòu， yě kāi shǐ liú xíng lái zhè lǐ。 luó tuō lǔ 'ā yǐ jiànxiē quán hé fèi ní táng 'ér wén míng， shì xīn xī lán zuì zhù míng de wēn quán xiāng。 luó tuō lǔ 'ā xǔ duō lǚ guǎn hé qì chē lǚ guǎn yōng yòu zì jǐ de tiān rán wēn quán chí， zài bō lǐ ní xī yà wēn quán（ PolynesianSpa）， nín hái kě yǐ cóng shù zuò chí zhōng， tiǎo xuǎn bù tóng wēn dù hé kuàng wù chéngfèn de chí。 wèi yú jī dū chéng běi fāng de hàn mò wēn quán（ HammerSprings） shì xīn xī lán de zhù yào gāo yuán wēn quán dù jiǎ qū。 hàn quán hàn quán tí gōng wēn quán chí、 Spa hé gè zhǒng mào xiǎn yǔ xiū xián huó dòng。 yǎn chū dà bù fèn chéng shì dōuyòu yī liú de yīnyuè huì yǔ yǎn chū。 jù yuàn、 guǎn xián lè、 bā lěi wǔ、 yáo gǔn yǔ jué shì lè dōukě xīn shǎng dào。 háng bān xīn xī lán háng kōng gōng sī yǐ yú 2006 nián 11 yuè kāi tōng liǎo 'ào kè lán zhì zhōng guó shàng hǎi de zhí fēi háng xiàn， bìng jìhuà zài 2008 nián 7 yuè 18 rì kāi tōng 'ào kè lán hé běi jīng zhī jiān de zhí fēi háng xiàn， měi zhōu liǎng gè háng bān。 dàn xiàn zài rú guǒ cóng běi jīng děng dì fāng zǒu， xū yào zhuǎn jī， běi fāng yī bān cóng shǒu 'ěr huò zhě dōng jīng zhuǎn jī， chéng zuò dà hán， hán yà， huò zhě rì háng。 nán fāng kě yǐ cóng xiāng gǎng， shàng hǎi huò zhě xīn jiā pō zhuǎn jī， chéng zuò guó tài， niǔ háng huò zhě xīn háng。 fēi xíng shí jiān： shàng hǎi： yuē 11.45 xiǎo shí； běi jīng： yuē 14 xiǎo shí。 guó jì jī chǎng xīn xī lán de guó jì jī chǎng wèi yú 'ào kè lán、 huì líng dùn hé jī dū chéng。 mǒu xiē cóng 'ào zhōu lái de háng bān yě huì jiàng luò zài hā mì 'ěr dùn、 běi pà mò sī dùn、 huáng hòu zhèn hé dá ní dīng。 huò bì xié rù huò xié chū xīn xī lán de wài guó huò bì jīn 'é bìng wú xiàn zhì。 bù guò xié rù huò xié chū chāo guò 10,000 xīn xī lán yuán de xiàn jīn bì xū tián jiāo“ xié dài xiàn jīn bào gào biǎo”（ BorderCashReport）。 wài guó huò bì kě qīng yì zài yínháng、 bù fèn lǚ guǎn、 guó jì jī chǎng hé dà chéng shì zhōng shè de duì huàn chù duì huàn wéi xīn xī lán huò bì。 suǒ yòu zhù yào xìn yòng kǎ dōukě yǐ zài xīn xī lán shǐ yòng。 lǚ guǎn、 yín xíng hé bù fēn shāng diàn kě jiē shòu lǚ xíng zhī piào。 yínháng xīn xī lán de yínháng yíng yè shí jiān wéi zhōu yī zhì zhōu wǔ zǎo shàng 9:30 zhì xià wǔ 4:30。 xǔ duō dì fāng shè yòu zì dòng guì yuán jī (ATM)， rú yínháng、 zhù yào gòu wù jiē hé gòu wù shāng chǎng。 zhǐ yào nín yòu guó jì xìn yòng kǎ hé zì dòng guì yuán jī kǎ de sì wèi shù mì mǎ， jiù kě yǐ yòng lái tí kuǎn。 qǐng zài nín suǒ zài guó yínháng shēn qǐng。 huò wù yǔ fú wù shuì suǒ yòu shāng pǐn yǔ fú wù de biāo jià zhōng jūn hán 12.5% de huò wù yǔ fú wù shuì (GST)。 yóu kè bù kě yào qiú tuì shuì， dàn rú guǒ shāng jiā jiāng gāo 'é huò pǐn yóu jì dào gòu mǎi zhě suǒ zài guó， zé kě yǐ miǎn shuì（ GST）。 xiǎo fèi yǔ fú wù fèi xīn xī lán rén yī bān fú wù bù shōu xiǎo fèi―― jí biàn zài cān tīng huò jiǔ bā yě bù yòng。 bù guò， rú guǒ yóu kè xiǎng shòu 'é wài de tè shū fú wù huò wèile biǎo shì xiè yì， kě yǐ zì xíng jué dìng shì fǒu yào fù 'é wài de xiǎo fèi。 xīn xī lán de lǚ guǎn yǔ cān guǎn de zhàng dān bù lìng shōu fú wù fèi。 lǚ xíng zhī piào xīn xī lán yuán de lǚ xíng zhī piào méi yòu xiāo shòu。 xiǎng yào lái xīn xī lán lǚ yóu de guó jì yóu kè xié dài lǚ xíng zhī piào， zài wèi lái yào xié dài shì zhù yào huò bì lèi xíng de lǚ yóu zhī piào。 lái dào xīn xī lán dì qū lǚ yóu， kě yǐ gòu mǎi dào 'ào bì de lǚ xíng zhī piào。 yóu kè xìn xī zhōng xīn zài xīn xī lán zì jǐ kāi chē lǚ yóu， huì yòu duō zhǒng lǚ yóu fāng shì yǔ jǐng diǎn de xuǎn zé。 wéi xié zhù yóu kè， xīn xī lán yóu kè xìn xī zhōng xīn (VIN) yìng yùn 'ér shēng。 suǒ yòu zhōng xīn dōuyòu xǐng mùdì biāo zhì hé lǜ sè de“ i”。 yóu kè xìn xī zhōng xīn shì guān fāng rèn kě de jī gòu， tí gōng zhǔn què de xīn xī lán lǚ yóu xìn xī， fēn bù yú xīn xī lán de 94 gè dì diǎn。 zhōng xīn gōng zuò rén yuán de zhī shí fēng fù， kě tí gōng kè guān hé zhǔn què de lǚ yóu xìn xī。 fú wù nèi róng bāo kuò： zhù sù、 jiāo tōng ( háng kōng、 gōng lù、 tiě lù jí lún dù )、 jǐng diǎn hé huó dòng de xìn xī， bìng dài bàn yù dìng： xíng chéng jìhuà yǔ jiàn yì， lǐ pǐn、 jì niàn pǐn、 yóu piào hé diàn huà kǎ， cān tīng xìn xī， gè dì huó dòng yǔ yú lè， dì tú yǔ yóu lǎn shǒu cè。 xīn xī lán lǚ yóu jiǎng “ xīn xī lán lǚ yóu jiǎng”（ NewZealandTourismAwards） biǎo míng gāi jiǎng xiàng de huò dé zhě kě yǐ tí gōng zuì dú tè、 gāo pǐn zhì de lǚ yóu tǐ yàn。 qǐng zhù yì lǚ yóu jiǎng de yín jué（ koru） biāo zhì。 kàn dào zhè gè biāo zhì， yì wèi zhe nín kě yǐ dé dào xīn xī lán zuì hǎo de lǚ yóu chǎn pǐn、 tǐ yàn hé fú wù。 New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation, situated about 2000 km (1250 miles) southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. During its long isolation New Zealand developed a distinctive fauna dominated by birds, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and the mammals they introduced. The population is mostly of European descent, with the indigenous Māori being the largest minority. Asians and non-Maori Polynesians are also significant minorities, especially in the cities. Elizabeth II, as the Queen of New Zealand, is the Head of State and, in her absence, is represented by a non-partisan Governor-General. The Queen 'reigns but does not rule.' She has no real political influence, and her position is essentially symbolic. Political power is held by the democratically elected Parliament of New Zealand under the leadership of the Prime Minister, who is the Head of Government. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for New Zealand as a whole before the arrival of Europeans, although they referred to the North Island as Te Ika a Māui (the fish of Māui) and the South Island as Te Wai Pounamu (the waters of greenstone) or Te Waka o Aoraki (the canoe of Aoraki). Until the early 20th century, the North Island was also referred to as Aotearoa (colloquially translated "land of the long white cloud"); in modern Māori usage, this name refers to the whole country. Aotearoa is also commonly used in this sense in New Zealand English. The first European name for New Zealand was Staten Landt, the name given to it by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who in 1642 became the first European to see the islands. Tasman assumed it was part of a southern continent connected with land discovered in 1615 off the southern tip of South America by Jacob Le Maire. The name New Zealand originated with Dutch cartographers, who called the islands Nova Zeelandia, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. No-one is certain exactly who first coined the term, but it first appeared in 1645 and may have been the choice of cartographer Johan Blaeu. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand. There is no connection to the Danish Zealand. History New Zealand is one of the most recently settled major land masses. The first settlers of New Zealand were Eastern Polynesians who came to New Zealand, probably in a series of migrations, sometime between around AD 800 and 1300. Over the next few centuries these settlers developed into a distinct culture now known as Māori. The population was divided into Iwi (tribes) and hapū (subtribes) which would co-operate, compete and sometimes fight with each other. At some point a group of Māori migrated to the Chatham Islands where they developed their own distinct Moriori culture. The first Europeans known to have reached New Zealand were Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman and his crew in 1642. Several of the crew were killed by Māori and no Europeans returned to New Zealand until British explorer James Cook's voyage of 1768–71. Cook reached New Zealand in 1769 and mapped almost all of the coastline. Following Cook, New Zealand was visited by numerous European and North American whaling, sealing and trading ships. They traded European food and goods, especially metal tools and weapons, for Māori timber, food, artefacts and water. On occasion, Europeans traded goods for sex. Māori agriculture and warfare were transformed by the potato and the musket, although the resulting Musket Wars died out once the tribal imbalance of arms had been rectified. From the early nineteenth century, Christian missionaries began to settle New Zealand, eventually converting most of the Māori population, who had become disillusioned with their indigenous faith by the introduction of Western culture. Signing of the Treaty of WaitangiBecoming aware of the lawless nature of European settlement and increasing interest in the territory by the French, the British government sent William Hobson to New Zealand to claim sovereignty and negotiate a treaty with Māori.[i] The Treaty of Waitangi was first signed in the Bay of Islands on 6 February 1840. The drafting was done hastily and confusion and disagreement continues to surround the translation. The Treaty is regarded as New Zealand's foundation as a nation and is revered by Māori as a guarantee of their rights. Hobson initially selected Okiato as the capital in 1840, before moving the seat of government to Auckland in 1841. Under British rule, the islands of New Zealand had been part of the colony of New South Wales. In 1840 New Zealand became its own dominion, which signalled increasing numbers of European settlers particularly from the British Isles. At first, Māori were eager to trade with the 'Pakeha', as they called them, and many iwi (tribes) became wealthy. As settler numbers increased, conflicts over land led to the New Zealand Land Wars of the 1860s and 1870s, resulting in the loss of much Māori land. The detail of European settlement and the acquisition of land from Māori remain controversial. Gustavus von Tempsky is shot during the land warsRepresentative government for the colony was provided for by the passing of the 1852 New Zealand Constitution Act by the United Kingdom. The 1st New Zealand Parliament met for the first time in 1854. In 1856 the colony became effectively self-governing with the grant of responsible government over all domestic matters other than native policy. Power in this respect would be transferred to the colonial administration in the 1860s. In 1863 Premier Alfred Domett moved a resolution that the capital transfer to a locality in Cook Strait, apparently due to concern the South Island could form a separate colony. Commissioners from Australia (chosen for their neutral status) advised Wellington as suitable because of its harbour and central location, and parliament officially sat there for the first time in 1865. In 1893, the country became the first nation in the world to grant women the right to vote. In 1907, New Zealand became an independent Dominion and a fully independent nation in 1947 when the Statute of Westminster (1931) was ratified, although in practice Britain had ceased to play any real role in the government of New Zealand much earlier than this. As New Zealand became more politically independent it became more dependent economically; in the 1890s, refrigerated shipping allowed New Zealand to base its entire economy on the export of meat and dairy products to Britain. New Zealand was an enthusiastic member of the British Empire, fighting in the Boer War, World War I and World War II and supporting Britain in the Suez Crisis. The country was very much a part of the world economy and suffered as others did in the Great Depression of the 1930s. The depression led to the election of the first Labour government, which established a comprehensive welfare state and a protectionist economy. Tino rangatiratanga (Māori sovereignty) flagNew Zealand experienced increasing prosperity following World War II. However, some social problems were developing; Māori had begun to move to the cities in search of work and excitement rather than the traditional rural way of life. A Māori protest movement would eventually form, criticising Eurocentrism and seeking more recognition of Māori culture and the Treaty of Waitangi, which they felt had not been fully honoured. In 1975 a Waitangi Tribunal was set up to investigate alleged breaches of the Treaty and in 1985 it was enabled to investigate historic grievances. In common with all other developed countries, social developments accelerated in the 1970s and social and political mores changed. By the 1970s, the traditional trade with Britain was threatened because of Britain's membership of the European Economic Community. Great economic and social changes took place in the 1980s under the 4th Labour government largely led by Finance Minister Roger Douglas, and commonly referred to as "Rogernomics." Politics Government Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of New Zealand Anand Satyanand, Governor-General Helen Clark, Prime Minister New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. Although it has no codified constitution, the Constitution Act 1986 is the principal formal statement of New Zealand's constitutional structure. Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state and is titled Queen of New Zealand under the Royal Titles Act 1974. She is represented by the Governor-General, whom she appoints on the exclusive advice of the Prime Minister. The current Governor-General is Anand Satyanand. The Governor-General exercises the Crown's prerogative powers, such as the power to appoint and dismiss ministers and to dissolve Parliament, and in rare situations, the reserve powers. The Governor-General also chairs the Executive Council, which is a formal committee consisting of all ministers of the Crown. Members of the Executive Council are required to be Members of Parliament, and most are also in Cabinet. Cabinet is the most senior policy-making body and is led by the Prime Minister, who is also, by convention, the Parliamentary leader of the governing party or coalition. The current Prime Minister is Helen Clark, the leader of the Labour Party. The New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber, the House of Representatives, which usually seats 120 Members of Parliament. Parliamentary general elections are held every three years under a form of proportional representation called Mixed Member Proportional. The 2005 General Election created an 'overhang' of one extra seat, occupied by the Māori Party, due to that party winning more seats in electorates than the number of seats its proportion of the party vote would have given it. New Zealand government "Beehive" and the Parliament Buildings, in Wellington.Since 17 October 2005, Labour has been in formal coalition with Jim Anderton, the Progressive Party's only MP. In addition to the parties in formal coalition, New Zealand First and United Future provide confidence and supply in return for their leaders being ministers outside cabinet. A further arrangement has been made with the Green Party, which has given a commitment not to vote against the government on confidence and supply. Since early 2007, Labour has also had the proxy vote of Taito Phillip Field, a former Labour MP. These arrangements assure the government of a majority of seven MPs on confidence votes. The Leader of the Opposition is National Party leader John Key. The ACT party and the Māori Party are also in opposition. The Greens, New Zealand First and United Future each vote against the government on some legislation. The highest court in New Zealand is the Supreme Court of New Zealand, which was established in 2004 following the passage of the Supreme Court Act 2003. The act also abolished the option to appeal to the Privy Council in London. The current Chief Justice is Dame Sian Elias. New Zealand's judiciary also includes the Court of Appeal; the High Court, which deals with serious criminal offences and civil matters at the trial level and with appeals from lower courts and tribunals; and subordinate courts. New Zealand is the only country in the world in which all the highest offices in the land have been occupied simultaneously by women: Queen Elizabeth II, Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright, Prime Minister Helen Clark, Speaker of the House of Representatives Margaret Wilson and Chief Justice Dame Sian Elias were all in office between March 2005 and August 2006 (also of note New Zealand's largest listed company: Telecom New Zealand had a woman - Theresa Gattung as its CEO at the time). Foreign relations and the military New Zealand maintains a strong profile on environmental protection, human rights and free trade, particularly in agriculture. New Zealand is a member of the following geopolitical organisations: APEC, East Asia Summit, Commonwealth of Nations, OECD and the United Nations. New Zealand has signed up to a number of free trade agreements, of which the most important are the China-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement & Closer Economic Relations with Australia. For its first hundred years, New Zealand followed the United Kingdom's lead on foreign policy. In declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, Prime Minister Michael Savage proclaimed, "Where she goes, we go; where she stands, we stand". After the war, however, the United States exerted an increased influence on culture and the New Zealand people gained a clearer sense of national identity. New Zealand joined with Australia and the United States in the ANZUS security treaty in 1951, and later fought alongside the United States in both the Korean and the Vietnam Wars. In contrast, the United Kingdom became increasingly focused on its European interests following the Suez Crisis, and New Zealand was forced to develop new markets after the UK joined the EEC in 1973. New Zealand House, High Commission of New Zealand in LondonNew Zealand has traditionally worked closely with Australia, whose foreign policy followed a similar historical trend. In turn, many Pacific Islands such as Western Samoa have looked to New Zealand's lead. The American influence on New Zealand was weakened by the disappointment with the Vietnam War, the sinking of the Rainbow Warrior by France, and by disagreements over environmental and agricultural trade issues and New Zealand's nuclear-free policy. While the ANZUS treaty was once fully mutual between Australia, New Zealand and the United States, this is no longer the case. In February 1985, New Zealand refused nuclear-powered or nuclear-armed ships access to its ports. New Zealand became a Nuclear-free zone in June 1987, the first Western-allied state to do so. In 1986 the United States announced that it was suspending its treaty security obligations to New Zealand pending the restoration of port access. The New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987 prohibits the stationing of nuclear weapons on the territory of New Zealand and the entry into New Zealand waters of nuclear armed or propelled ships. This legislation remains a source of contention and the basis for the United States' continued suspension of treaty obligations to New Zealand. Within New Zealand, there have been various wars between iwi, and between the British settlers and iwi. New Zealand has fought in the Second Boer War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Malayan Emergency (and committed troops, fighters and bombers to the subsequent confrontation with Indonesia), the Vietnam War, the Gulf War and the Afghanistan War. It has also sent a unit of army engineers to help rebuild Iraqi infrastructure for one year during the Iraq War. As of 2008, New Zealand forces are still active in Afghanistan. HMNZS Canterbury is a multi-role vessel (MRV) of the Royal New Zealand Navy.The New Zealand Defence Force has three branches: the New Zealand Army, the Royal New Zealand Navy, and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. New Zealand considers its own national defence needs to be modest; it dismantled its air combat capability in 2001. New Zealand has contributed forces to recent regional and global peacekeeping missions, including those in Cyprus, Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Sinai, Angola, Cambodia, the Iran/Iraq border, Bougainville, East Timor, and the Solomon Islands. Local government and external territories Major cities and towns in New ZealandThe early European settlers divided New Zealand into provinces. These were abolished in 1876 so that government could be centralised, for financial reasons. As a result, New Zealand has no separately represented subnational entities such as provinces, states or territories, apart from its local government. The spirit of the provinces, however, still lives on, and there is fierce rivalry exhibited in sporting and cultural events. Since 1876, local government has administered the various regions of New Zealand. In 1989, the government completely reorganised local government, implementing the current two-tier structure of regional councils and territorial authorities which are constituted under the revised Local Government Act 2002 (New Zealand). In 1991, the Resource Management Act 1991 replaced the Town and Country Planning Act as the main planning legislation for local government. Today, New Zealand has twelve regional councils for the administration of regional environmental and transport matters and seventy-three territorial authorities that administer roading, sewerage, building consents, and other local matters. The territorial authorities are sixteen city councils, fifty-seven district councils, and the Chatham Islands County Council. Four of the territorial councils (one city and three districts) and the Chatham Islands County Council also perform the functions of a regional council and thus are known as unitary authorities. Territorial authority districts are not subdivisions of regional council districts, and a few of them straddle regional council boundaries. Realm of New ZealandThe regions are (asterisks denote unitary authorities): Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Gisborne*, Hawke's Bay, Taranaki, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, Marlborough*, Nelson*, Tasman*, West Coast, Canterbury, Otago, Southland, Chatham Islands*. As a major South Pacific nation, New Zealand has a close working relationship with many Pacific Island nations, and continues a political association with the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. New Zealand operates Scott Base in its Antarctic territory, the Ross Dependency. Other countries also use Christchurch to support their Antarctic bases and the city is sometimes known as the "Gateway to Antarctica". Administrative divisions of New Zealand Supranational level Realm of New Zealand National level New Zealand Tokelau Cook Islands Niue Ross Dependency Regions 12 non-unitary regions 4 unitary regions Chatham Islands Kermadec Islands sub-Antarctic islands Territorial authorities 16 cities and 57 districts Notes Some districts lie in more than one region These combine the regional and the territorial authority levels in one Special territorial authority Areas outside regional authority; these, plus the Chatham Islands and the Solander Islands, form the New Zealand Outlying Islands State administered by New Zealand States in free association with New Zealand Claimed by New Zealand, but claim frozen by the Antarctic Treaty Geography and environment Topography of New ZealandNew Zealand comprises two main islands (called the North and South Islands in English, Te Ika a Maui and Te Wai Pounamu in Māori) and a number of smaller islands located near the centre of the water hemisphere. The North and South Islands are separated by the Cook Strait, which is 20km wide at its narrowest point. The total land area, 268,680 square kilometres (103,738 sq mi), is a little less than that of Italy and Japan, and a little more than the United Kingdom. The country extends more than 1,600 kilometres (1,000 miles) along its main, north-north-east axis, with approximately 15,134 km (9,404 mi) of coastline. The most significant of the smaller inhabited islands include Stewart Island/Rakiura; Waiheke Island, in Auckland's Hauraki Gulf; Great Barrier Island, east of the Hauraki Gulf; and the Chatham Islands, named Rēkohu by Moriori. The country has extensive marine resources, with the seventh-largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world, covering over four million square kilometres (1.5 million sq mi), more than 15 times its land area. Aoraki/Mount Cook is the tallest mountain in New ZealandThe South Island is the largest land mass of New Zealand, and is divided along its length by the Southern Alps, the highest peak of which is Aoraki/Mount Cook at 3754 metres (12,320 ft). There are 18 peaks over 3,000 metres (10,000 ft) in the South Island. The North Island is less mountainous than the South, but is marked by volcanism. The highest North Island mountain, Mount Ruapehu (2,797 m / 9,177 ft), is an active cone volcano. The dramatic and varied landscape of New Zealand has made it a popular location for the production of television programmes and films, including the Lord of the Rings trilogy and the The Last Samurai. The country owes its varied topography, and perhaps even its emergence above the waves, to the dynamic boundary it straddles between the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates. New Zealand is part of Zealandia, a continent nearly half the size of Australia that is otherwise almost completely submerged. About 25 million years ago, a shift in plate tectonic movements began to pull Zealandia apart forcefully, with this now being most evident along the Alpine Fault and in the highly active Taupo volcanic zone. New Zealand from space. The snow-capped Southern Alps dominate the South Island, while the North Island's Northland Peninsula stretches towards the subtropicsNew Zealand is culturally and linguistically part of Polynesia, and constitutes the south-western anchor of the Polynesian Triangle. The latitude of New Zealand (ranging from approximately 34 to 47°S) corresponds closely to that of Italy in the Northern Hemisphere. However, its isolation from continental influences and exposure to cold southerly winds and ocean currents gives the climate a much milder character. The climate throughout the country is mild and temperate, mainly maritime, with temperatures rarely falling below 0 °C (32 °F) or rising above 30 °C (86 °F) in populated areas. Temperature maxima and minima throughout the historical record are 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) in Rangiora, Canterbury and -21.6 °C (-6.9 °F) in Ophir, Otago. Conditions vary sharply across regions from extremely wet on the West Coast of the South Island to semi-arid (Köppen BSh) in the Mackenzie Basin of inland Canterbury and subtropical in Northland. Of the main cities, Christchurch is the driest, receiving only 640 mm (25 in) of rain per year; Auckland, the wettest, receives almost twice that amount. Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch all receive a yearly average in excess of 2000 hours of sunshine per annum. The southern and south-western parts of South Island have a cooler and cloudier climate, with around 1400–1600 sunshine hours per annum; whilst the northern and north-eastern parts of the South Island are the sunniest areas of the country and receive approximately 2400–2500 sunshine hours per annum. Biodiversity Pōhutukawa treesBecause of its long isolation from the rest of the world and its island biogeography, New Zealand has extraordinary flora and fauna, descended from Gondwanan wildlife or since arriving by flying, swimming or being carried across the sea . About 80% of New Zealand's flora is endemic, including 65 endemic genera. The two main types of forest are those dominated by podocarps and/or the giant kauri, and in cooler climates the southern beech. The remaining vegetation types in New Zealand are grasslands of tussock and other grasses, usually in sub-alpine areas, and the low shrublands between grasslands and forests. The endemic flightless kiwi is a national iconUntil the arrival of humans, 80% of the land was forested. Until 2006, it was thought, barring three species of bat (one now extinct), there were no non-marine native mammals. However, in 2006, scientists discovered bones that belonged to a long-extinct, unique, mouse-sized land animal in the Otago region of the South Island.. New Zealand's forests were inhabited by a diverse range of megafauna, including the flightless moas (now extinct), four species of kiwi, the kakapo and the takahē, all endangered by human actions. Unique birds capable of flight included the Haast's eagle, which was the world's largest bird of prey (now extinct), and the large kākā and kea parrots. Reptiles present in New Zealand include skinks, geckos and living fossil tuatara. There are four endemic species of primitive frogs. There are no snakes and there is only one venomous spider, the katipo, which is rare and restricted to coastal regions. However, there are many endemic species of insects, including the weta, one species of which may grow as large as a house mouse and is the heaviest insect in the world. New Zealand has suffered a high rate of extinctions, including the moa species, the huia, laughing owl and flightless wrens (which formerly occupied the roles elsewhere occupied by mice). This is due to human activities such as hunting and pressure from introduced feral animals, such as weasels, stoats, cats, goats, deer and brushtailed possums. Five indigenous vascular plant species are now believed to be extinct, including Adam's mistletoe and a species of forget-me-not. However, New Zealand has led the world in island restoration projects where offshore islands are cleared of introduced mammalian pests and native species are reintroduced. Several islands located near to the three main islands are wildlife reserves where common pests such as possums and rodents have been eradicated to allow the reintroduction of endangered species to the islands. A more recent development is the mainland ecological island. Economy Auckland, the economic centre of the country, with the Sky Tower in the backgroundNew Zealand has a modern, prosperous, developed economy with an estimated nominal Gross domestic product (GDP) of US$128.1 billion (as of 2008). The country has a relatively high standard of living with an estimated GDP per capita of US$30,234 in 2008 which is comparable to Southern Europe; e.g. Spain US$33,385, but lower than the United States at US$46,820. Since 2000 New Zealand has made substantial gains in median household income. New Zealand, along with Australia, largely escaped the early 2000s recession that impacted upon most other advanced countries. New Zealanders have a high level of life satisfaction as measured by international surveys; this is despite lower GDP per-head levels than many other OECD countries. The country was ranked 20th on the 2006 Human Development Index and 15th in The Economist's 2005 world-wide quality-of-life index. The country was further ranked 1st in life satisfaction and 5th in overall prosperity in the 2007 Legatum Institute prosperity index. In addition, the 2007 Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranked Auckland 5th place and Wellington 12th place in the world on its list. The tertiary sector is the largest sector in the economy (68.8% of GDP), followed by the secondary sector (26.9% of GDP) and the primary sector (4.3% of GDP). New Zealand is a country heavily dependent on trade, particularly in agricultural products. Exports account for around 24% of its output, which is a relatively high figure (it is around 50% for many smaller European countries).[ii] This makes New Zealand particularly vulnerable to international commodity prices and global economic slowdowns. Its principal export industries are agriculture, horticulture, fishing and forestry. These make up about half of the country's exports. Its major export partners are Australia 20.5%, US 13.1%, Japan 10.3%, China 5.4%, UK 4.9% (2006). Tourism plays a significant role in New Zealand's economy. Tourism contributes $12.8 billion (or 8.9%) to New Zealand’s total GDP and supports nearly 200,000 full-time equivalent jobs (9.9% of the total workforce in New Zealand). Tourists to New Zealand are expected to increase at a rate of 4% annually up to 2013. Recent trends Milford Sound, New Zealand's most famous tourist destinationHistorically New Zealand enjoyed a high standard of living which relied on its strong relationship with the United Kingdom, and the resulting stable market for its commodity exports. New Zealand's economy was also built upon on a narrow range of primary products, such as wool, meat and dairy products. High demand for these products - such as the New Zealand wool boom of 1951 created sustained periods of economic prosperity. However, in 1973 the United Kingdom joined the European Community which effectively ended this particularly close economic relationship between the two countries. During the 1970s other factors such as the oil crises undermined the viability of the New Zealand economy; which for periods before 1973 had achieved levels of living standards exceeding both Australia and Western Europe. But these events led to a protracted and very severe economic crisis, during which living standards in New Zealand fell behind those of Australia and Western Europe, and by 1982 New Zealand was the lowest in per-capita income of all the developed nations surveyed by the World Bank. Since 1984, successive governments have engaged in major macroeconomic restructuring, transforming New Zealand from a highly protectionist and regulated economy to a liberalised free-trade economy. These changes are commonly known as Rogernomics and Ruthanasia after Finance Ministers Roger Douglas and Ruth Richardson. A recession began after the 1987 share market crash and caused unemployment to reach 10% in the early 1990s. However the economy recovered and New Zealand’s unemployment rate is now the second lowest of the twenty-seven OECD nations with comparable data (3.7%). The current government's economic objectives are centred on pursuing free-trade agreements and building a "knowledge economy". On April 7th 2008, New Zealand and China signed the New Zealand China Free Trade Agreement, the first such agreement China has signed with a developed country. Ongoing economic challenges for New Zealand include a current account deficit of 7.9% of GDP, slow development of non-commodity exports and tepid growth of labour productivity. New Zealand has experienced a series of "brain drains" since the 1970s, as well educated youth leaving permanently for Australia, Britain or the United States. "Kiwi lifestyle" and family/whanau factors motivates some of the expatriates to return, while career, culture, and economic factors tend to be predominantly 'push' components, keeping these people overseas. In recent years, however, a brain gain brought in educated professionals from poor countries, as well as Europe, as permanent settlers. Agriculture A Romney ewe with her two lambs.Agriculture has been and continues to be the main export industry in New Zealand. In the year to June 2007, dairy products accounted for 21% ($7.5 billion) of total merchandise exports, and the largest company of the country, Fonterra, a dairy cooperative, controls almost one-third of the international dairy trade. Other agricultural items were meat 13.2%, wood 6.3%, fruit 3.5% and fishing 3.3%. New Zealand also has a thriving wine industry. Livestock are rarely housed, but feeding of small quantities of supplements such as hay and silage can occur, particularly in winter. Grass growth is seasonal, largely dependent on location and climatic fluctuations but normally occurs for between 8-12 months of the year. Stock are grazed in paddocks, often with moveable electric fencing around the farm. Lambing and calving are carefully managed to take full advantage of spring grass growth. Demography New Zealand's historical population (black) and projected growth (red).New Zealand has a population of about 4.2 million,[iv] of which approximately 78% identify with European ethnic groups. New Zealanders of European descent are collectively known as Pākehā; this term generally refers to New Zealanders of European descent but some Māori use it to refer to all non-Māori New Zealanders. Most European New Zealanders are of British and Irish ancestry, although there has been significant Dutch, Dalmatian, Italian, and German immigration together with indirect European immigration through Australia, North America, South America and South Africa. According to the 2001 census projections, by 2021 European children will make up 63% of all New Zealand children, compared with 74% in 2001. The birthrate is very high for a developed country. The birthrate as of February 2008 was 2.2 per woman, compared to approximately 2 for the previous 30 years, with the total number of births higher than at any point since 1961. The life expectancy of a child born in 2008 was 81.9 years for a girl, and 77.9 years for a boy. Indigenous Māori people are the largest non-European ethnic group, accounting for 14.6% of the population in the 2006 census. While people could select more than one ethnic group, slightly more than half (53%) of all Māori residents identified solely as Māori. People identifying with Asian ethnic groups account for 9.2% of the population, increasing from 6.6% in the 2001 census, while 6.9% of people are of Pacific Island origin. While the demonym is New Zealander, New Zealanders informally call themselves Kiwi or Kiwis. New Zealand is also a predominantly urban country, with 72.2% of the population living in 16 main urban areas and more than half living in the four largest cities of Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch. New Zealand immigration policy is relatively open; its government is committed to increasing its population by about 1% annually. In 2004–05, a target of 45,000 was set by the New Zealand immigration Service. Twenty three percent of the population was born overseas, one of the highest rates anywhere in the world. At present, immigrants from the United Kingdom and Ireland constitute the largest single group, accounting for 29% of those born overseas but immigrants are drawn from many nations, and increasingly from East Asia (mostly China, but with substantial numbers also from Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong). New Zealand religious beliefs Christianity 56% No religion 35% Others 5% According to the 2006 census, Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand, held by 55.6% of the population, a decrease from 60.6% at the 2001 census. Another 34.7% indicated that they had no religion, up from 29.6% in 2001, and 5% affiliated with other religions. The main Christian denominations are Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism, Presbyterianism and Methodism. There are also significant numbers who identify themselves with Pentecostal and Baptist churches and with the LDS (Mormon) church. The New Zealand-based Ratana church has adherents among Māori. According to census figures, other significant minority religions include Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. Until 1987, English was New Zealand's only official language, and remains predominant in most settings; Māori became an official language under the 1987 Māori Language Act and New Zealand Sign Language under the 2006 New Zealand Sign Language Act. The two official languages are the most widely spoken; English by 98% of the population and Māori by 4.1%. Samoan is the most widely spoken non-official language (2.3%),[v] and French, Hindi, Yue and Northern Chinese are also widely spoken. New Zealand has an adult literacy rate of 99%, and 14.2% of the adult population has a bachelor's degree or higher. For 30.4% of the population, some form of secondary qualification is their highest, while 22.4% of New Zealanders have no formal qualification. Culture Overview Much of contemporary New Zealand culture is derived from British roots. It also includes significant influences from American, Australian and Māori cultures, along with those of other European cultures and – more recently – non-Māori Polynesian and Asian cultures. Large festivals in celebration of Diwali and Chinese New Year are held in several of the larger centres. The world's largest Polynesian festival, Pasifika, is an annual event in Auckland. Cultural links between New Zealand and the United Kingdom and Ireland are maintained by a common language, sustained migration from the United Kingdom and Ireland, and many young New Zealanders spending time in the United Kingdom/Ireland on their "overseas experience" (OE). The music and cuisine of New Zealand are similar to that of Britain and the United States, although both have some distinct New Zealand and Pacific qualities. Māori culture has undergone considerable change since the arrival of Europeans; in particular the introduction of Christianity in the early 19th century brought about fundamental change in everyday life. Nonetheless the perception that most Māori now live similar lifestyles to their Pākehā neighbours is a superficial one. In fact, Māori culture has significant differences, for instance the important role which the marae and the extended family continues to play in communal and family life. As in traditional times, karakia are habitually performed by Māori today to ensure the favorable outcome of important undertakings, but today the prayers used are generally Christian. Māori still regard their allegiance to tribal groups as a vital part of personal identity, and Māori kinship roles resemble those of other Polynesian peoples. As part of the resurgence of Māori culture that came to the fore in the late 20th century, the tradition-based arts of kapa haka (song and dance), carving and weaving are now more widely practiced, and the architecture of the marae maintains strong links to traditional forms. Māori also value their connections to Polynesia, as attested by the increasing popularity of waka ama (outrigger canoe racing), which is now an international sport involving teams from all over the Pacific. Te Reo Māori Use of the Māori language (Te Reo Māori) as a living, community language remained only in a few remote areas in the post-war years, but is currently undergoing a renaissance, thanks in part to Māori language immersion schools and two Māori Television channels. This is the only nationwide television channel to have the majority of its prime-time content delivered in Māori, primarily because only 4% of the population speak Te Reo Maori. However, partly in recognition of the importance of Māori culture to New Zealand, the language was declared one of New Zealand's official languages in 1987. Movies Although films have been made in New Zealand since the 1920s, it was only from the 1970s that New Zealand films began to be produced in significant numbers. Films such as Sleeping Dogs and Goodbye Pork Pie achieved local success and launched the careers of actors and directors including Sam Neill, Geoff Murphy and Roger Donaldson. In the early 1990s, New Zealand films such as Jane Campion's Academy Award-winning film The Piano, Lee Tamahori's Once Were Warriors and Peter Jackson's Heavenly Creatures began to garner international acclaim. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Jackson filmed The Lord of the Rings film trilogy in New Zealand, using a mostly New Zealand crew and many New Zealand actors in minor parts. Whale Rider, originally a novel by Witi Ihimaera, was produced in 2002 and received recognition from various festivals and awards. Many non-New Zealand productions, primarily from Hollywood but also from Bollywood, have been made in New Zealand. Media The New Zealand media industry is dominated by a small number of companies, most of which are foreign-owned.[iii] The Broadcasting Standards Authority and the New Zealand Press Council can investigate allegations of bias and inaccuracy in the broadcast and print media. This combined with New Zealand's libel laws means that the New Zealand news media is fairly tame by international standards, but also reasonably fair and impartial. New Zealand television is dominated by American and British programming, with a small number of Australian and New Zealand shows. Sports The All Blacks perform a haka before a match against France in 2006Sport has a major role in New Zealand's culture, with the unofficial national sport of rugby union being particularly influential. Other popular participatory sports include cricket, bowls, netball, soccer, golf , swimming and tennis. New Zealand has strong international teams in several sports including rugby union, netball, cricket, rugby league, and softball. New Zealand also does traditionally well in the sports of rowing, yachting and cycling. The country is internationally recognised for performing well on a medals-to-population ratio at Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games. Rugby union, which is commonly referred to as simply rugby in New Zealand, is closely linked to the country's national identity. The national rugby team, the All Blacks, have the best win to loss record of any national team, and are well known for the haka (a traditional Māori challenge) that they perform before the start of international matches. New Zealand is also well known for its extreme sports and adventure tourism. Its reputation in extreme sports extends from the establishment of the world's first commercial bungee jumping site at Queenstown in the South Island of New Zealand in November 1988; its roots in adventure tourism can be traced all the way back to Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to reach the summit of Mount Everest. |
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