埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia 埃及 Egypt 突尼斯 Tunisia 阿尔及利亚 Algeria 尼日利亚 Nigeria 塞内加尔 Senegal 南非 South Africa 安哥拉 Angola 贝宁 Benin 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso 布隆迪 Republic of Burundi 博茨瓦纳 Republic of Botswana 赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea 多哥 Togo 厄立特里亚 Eritrea 佛得角 Republic of Cape Verde 冈比亚 Gambia 刚果 Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Congo 吉布提 Djibouti 几内亚 Guinea 几内亚比绍 Guinea-Bissau 加纳 Republic of Ghana 加蓬 Gabon 津巴布韦 Zimbabwe 喀麦隆 Republic of Cameroon 科摩罗 Comoros 科特迪瓦 Ivory Coast 肯尼亚 Republic of Kenya 莱索托 Kingdom of Lesotho 利比亚 Libya 利比里亚 Republic of Liberia 卢旺达 Republic of Rwanda 马达加斯加 Madagascar 马拉维 Malawi 马里 Republic of Mali 毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania 毛里求斯 Republic of Mauritius 摩洛哥 Kingdom of Morocco 莫桑比克 the Republic of Mozambique 纳米比亚 The Republic of Namibia 尼日尔 Niger 塞拉利昂 the Republic of Sierra Leone 塞舌尔 Seychelles 斯威士兰 Swaziland 苏丹 Sudan 索马里 Somalia 圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe 坦桑尼亚 Tanzania 乌干达 The Republic of Uganda 赞比亚 The Republic of Zambia 乍得 the Republic of Chad 中非共和国 The Central African Republic |
tǎn sāng ní yà Tanzania shǒudōu:duō duō mǎ guógūdàimǎ: tz |
tǎn sāng ní yà lián hé gòng hé guó( sī wǎ xī lǐ yǔ: JamhuriyaMuunganowaTanzania) zài zhōng guó jiǎn chēng wéi tǎn guó, shì yī gè dōng fēi guó jiā, wèi yú chì dào yǐ nán, běn tǔ dì chù wéi duō lì yà hú hé yìn dù yáng zhī jiān, běi lín wū gān dá hé kěn ní yà, xī yǔ gāng guǒ( jīn)、 lú wàng dá hé bù lóng dí jiāo jiè, nán yǔ mǎ lā wéi hé mò sāng bǐ kè pí lián, xī nán yǔ zàn bǐ yà jiē rǎng。 tǎn sāng ní yà céng shì yīng guó zhí mín dì, 1964 nián 4 yuè 26 rì dú lì, 1996 nián shǒu dū yóu dá lěi sī sà lā mǔ qiān wǎng duō duō mǎ。 dōng fēi gòng tóng tǐ sān guó kěn ní yà、 tǎn sāng ní yà hé wū gān dá jiāng yú 2010 nián hé bìng chéng wéi tǒng yī de lián bāng guó jiā。 gāi lián bāng jiāng yōng yòu gòng tóng de xiàn fǎ、 zǒng tǒng、 yì huì hé huò bì。
dì lǐ tǎn guó wèi yú fēi zhōu dōng bù、 chì dào yǐ nán。 běi yǔ kěn ní yà hé wū gān dá jiāo jiè, nán yǔ zàn bǐ yà、 mǎ lā wéi、 mò sāng bǐ kè jiē rǎng, xī yǔ lú wàng dá、 bù lóng dí hé gāng guǒ( jīn) wéi lín, dōng bīn yìn dù yáng。 dà lù hǎi 'àn xiàn cháng 840 gōng lǐ。 dōng bù yán hǎi dì qū hé nèi lù bù fēn dī dì shǔ rè dài cǎo yuán qì hòu, xī bù nèi lù gāo yuán shǔ rè dài gāo dì qì hòu。 dà bù fēn dì qū píng jūn qì wēn 21 héng 25 ℃。 sāng gěi bā 'ěr de 20 duō gè dǎo yǔ shǔ rè dài hǎi yáng xìng qì hòu, zhōng nián shī rè, nián píng jūn qì wēn 26℃。 wèi yú tǎn guó dōng běi bù de qǐ lì mǎ zhā luó shān, hǎi bá 5,895 mǐ, wéi fēi zhōu zuì gāo fēng。 tǎn guó hú yòu tǎn gá ní kā hú, wéi duō lì yà hú hé mǎ lā wéi hú。 lì shǐ tǎn guó yóu tǎn gá ní kā hé sāng gěi bā 'ěr liǎng bù fēn zǔ chéng。 1880 nián dài -1919 nián céng shì dé shǔ dōng fēi, dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn hòu, bèi yīng guó tuō guǎn。 1964 nián huò dé dú lì。 jīng jì tǎn guó de jīng jì shí fēn yǐ lài zhàn gāi guó chū kǒu 85%、 guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí yī bàn de nóng yè, dāng dì jiù yè rén kǒu zhī zhōng de 90% dōushì cóng shì nóng yè gōng zuò。 kě shì, shòu dì xíng hé qì hòu yǐng xiǎng, gāi guó de kě gēng dì jǐn zhàn quán bù tǔ dì de 4%。 gōng yè jǐn xiàn yú qīng gōng yè xiāo fèi pǐn hé fǔ zhù nóng yè shēng chǎn。 shì jiè yínháng hé guó jì huò bì jī jīn dū céng jǐyǔ zī jīn huī fù tǎn guó měi kuàng yù xià de jīng jì qíng kuàng。 tǎn guó yōng yòu dà liàng de tiān rán zī yuán, bāo kuò huáng jīn, zài tú lā wǎ kǎ( Tulawaka) de jīn kuàng yùn cáng liàng gèng chāo guò 500,000 àng sī。 gāi guó yě yòu wèi jīng kāi fā de guó jiā gōng yuán。 zài 1991 zhì 1999 nián, gōng yè shēng chǎn de fù xīng hé kuàng wù( zhù yào wéi huáng jīn) chū kǒu de zēng jiā dài dòng gāi guó jīng jì de zēngzhǎng。 zài 2004 nián, shāng yè de tiān rán qì kāi fā zài lǔ fěi jí hé sān jiǎo zhōu fù jìn de yìn dù yáng zhǎn kāi, kāi fā chū de tiān rán qì huì jīng guǎn dào shū wǎng dá lěi sī sà lā mǔ, dà bù fēn huì bèi yòng zuò fā diàn。 21 shì jì zǎo qī cháng qī de gān hàn shǐ tǎn guó de shuǐ lì fā diàn qián lì yán zhòng xià jiàng( liǎng gè shuǐ lì fā diàn xì tǒng tí gōng liǎo gāi guó dà yuē 60% de diàn lì), zài 2006 nián, yīn wéi néng yuán duǎn quē( zhù yào yīn wéi shuǐ lì fā diàn de duǎn quē), gāi guó shí xíng liǎo néng liàng pèijǐ。 tǎn guó de néng yuán wèn tí gū jì huì lìng dāng dì 2006 nián de guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí xià jiàng 4 zhì 5.9%。 rén kǒu 3,700 wàn, qí zhōng sāng gěi bā 'ěr jìn 100 wàn( 2004 nián gū jì)。 fēn shǔ 126 gè mín zú, rén kǒu chāo guò 100 wàn de yòu sū kù mǎ、 ní yà mǔ wéi qí、 chá jiā、 hè hè、 mǎ kāng dí hé hā yà zú。 lìng yòu yī xiē 'ā lā bó rén、 yìn bā rén hé 'ōu zhōu rén hòu yì。 sī wǎ xī lǐ yǔ wèiguó yǔ, yǔ yīng yǔ tóng wéi guān fāng tōng yòng yǔ。 tǎn gá ní kā( dà lù) jū mín zhōng 35 % xìn fèng tiān zhù jiào hé jī dū jiào, 45% xìn fèng yī sī lán jiào , qí yú xìn fèng yuán shǐ bài wù jiào; sāng gěi bā 'ěr 99% de jū mín xìn fèng yī sī lán jiào。 xíng zhèng qū huá tǎn sāng ní yà dì tú tǎn guó fēn 26 qū, fēn bié wéi: ā lǔ shā qū( Arusha) dá lěi sī sà lā mǔ qū( DaresSalaam) duō duō mǎ qū( Dodoma) yī lín jiā qū( Iringa) kǎ gài lā qū( Kagera) bēn bā běi qū( KaskaziniPemba) sāng gěi bā 'ěr běi qū( KaskaziniUnguja) bēn bā nán qū( KusiniPemba) sāng gěi bā 'ěr nán qū( KusiniUnguja) jī gē mǎ qū( Kigoma) qǐ lì mǎ zhā luó qū( Kilimanjaro) lín dí qū( Lindi) màn yà lā qū( Manyara) mǎ lā qū( Mara) mǔ bèi yà qū( Mbeya) sāng gěi bā 'ěr xī qū( MjiniMagharibi) mò luó gē luó qū( Morogoro) mǔ tè wǎ lā qū( Mtwara) mǔ wàn zhā qū( Mwanza) bīn hǎi qū( Pwani) lǔ kuā qū( Rukwa) lǔ wǔ mǎ qū( Ruvuma) xīn yán jiā qū( Shinyanga) xīn jí dá qū( Singida) tǎ bō lā qū( Tobora) tǎn gá qū( Tanga) zhòng yào chéng zhèn mǔ wàn zhā shì( Mwanza) ā lǔ shā shì( Arusha) mò xī shì( Moshi) xī ní 'ān jiā shì (Shinyanga) xīn jí dá shì (Singida) tǎ bō lā shì (Tabora) jī gē mǎ shì (Kigoma) tǎn gá shì (Tanga) sāng gěi bā 'ěr shì (Zanzibar) wēn gǔ jiǎ dǎo shì (UngujaIsland) dá lěi sī sà lā mǔ shì (DarEsSalaam) mǎ fěi yà dǎo shì (MafiaIsland) mò luó gē luó shì (Morogoro) dù dǔ mǎ shì (Dodoma) shǒu dū yī lín jiā shì (Iringa) mǔ lín bā shì (Mlimba) mǔ bèi yà shì (Mbeya) sōng gài 'ā shì (Songea) lín dí shì (Lindi) mǔ tè wǎ lā shì (Mtwara) The United Republic of Tanzania is a unitary republic composed of 26 mikoa (regions). The current head of state is President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, elected in 2005. Since 1996, the official capital of Tanzania has been Dodoma, where parliament and some government offices are located. Between independence and 1996 the major coastal city of Dar es Salaam had been the country's political capital. Today Dar es Salaam remains the principal commercial city of Tanzania and the de-facto seat of most government institutions. It is the major seaport for the country and its landlocked neighbours. The name Tanzania is a portmanteau of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The two states united in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which later the same year was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania. Years of poorly-implemented "African socialist" policies, including forced relocations to collective farms, left the country as one of the poorest, least developed and most aid-dependent in the world. Tanzania started a process of gradual reforms in the mid-1980s. |
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