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Republic of Mali   shǒudōu:   guógūdàimǎ: ml   
  cháozhèng
   gòng guó( RépubliqueduMali) shì fēi de nèi guó jiāxiàng běi 'ā 'ěr xiàng dōng 'ěrxiàng nán suǒ xiàng nán nèi xiàng máo sài nèi jiā 'ěr jiē rǎngshì fēi miàn 'èr de guó jiā de běi biān jiè zài shā de zhōng xīn duō shù rén zhōng zài nán 'ěr sài nèi jiā 'ěr yuán zhè guò bèi chēng wéi shǔ dān de míng lái yuán guó
  
   shǐ
   shǐ shàng zài dàibāo kuò jīn tiān de yòu guò liè guó zhōng bāo kuò jiā guó guó sāng hǎi guó( SonghaiEmpire) děngtíng shì zhè xiē guó zài kuà mào zhōng de guān jiàn chéng shì xué shù zhōng xīn。 1591 nián sāng hǎi guó shòu luò qīn duàn ruò xià lái
  
   cóng 1880 nián kāi shǐ guó qīn guó zhí mín shǔ dān hái bāo kuò zhōu biān de guó jiā。 1959 nián chū sài nèi jiā 'ěr chéng liǎo lián bāng。 1960 nián 6 yuè 20 lián bāng cóng guó shù yuè hòu sài nèi jiā 'ěr tuì chū lián bāngtóng nián 9 yuè 22 zài · kǎi lǐng dǎo xià gòng guó tuì chū lán gòng tóng
  
   cóng dào 1991 nián liè cái zhě tǒng zhì 。 1991 nián de fǎn zhèng kàng dǎo zhì zhèng biàn guò zhèng xīn xiàn 。 1992 nián 'ā 'ěr · 'ěr · léi zài duō dǎng pàimín zhù xuǎn zhōng dāng xuǎn wéi zǒng tǒng, 1997 nián zài dāng xuǎn jiā qiáng zhèng zhì jīng de gǎi tān
  
  2002 niánā · · 'ěr dāng rèn zǒng tǒng 'ěr zài 1991 nián de mín zhù yùn dòng zhōng shì guān jiàn rén 。 2007 nián 4 yuè 29 xíng zǒng tǒng xuǎn 'ěr lián rèn
  
   zhèng zhì
   xiàn guī dìng wéi duō dǎng zhì mín zhù guó jiāwéi mín zōng jiào xìn yǎng huò xìng bié 'ér chéng de dǎng pài bèi jìn zhǐguó jiā gòu shì guó huì qián guó huì yòu 147 míng chéng yuánguó huì chéng yuán 'àn rén kǒu shù zhì dìngzhèng zhí zhèng wéi nián
  
   xíng zhèng huá
   bāo kuò shǒu zài nèi fēn jiǔ
  
   ( Bamako, shǒu
   jiā 'ào ( Gao)
   ( Kayes)
   'ěr ( Kidal)
   luó ( Koulikoro)
   ( Mopti)
   sài ( Ségou)
   jiā suǒ ( Sikasso)
   tōng ( Tombouctou, Timbuktu)
  
   sān fēn zhī 'èr de miàn shì shā běi cóng 'ā 'ěr shēn de 'ā jiā 'ěr shān mài xíng chéng gāo nán zhōng shì 'ěr kuān guǎng de de hòu cóng dài wēn nuǎn de hòu zhí dào shā de shā hòunán nián jiàng liàng 1000 háo běi yòu xiē fāng zhōng nián nán shì cháo shī de cǎo yuánxiàng běi yǎn biàn chéng guàn cǎo yuánbàn shā shā
  
   zhòng yào chéng zhèn
   zhàn nèi de qīng zhēn ( BAMAKO), guó
   ( KAYES)
   luó( KOULIKORO)
   jiā suǒ( SIKASSO)
   sài ( SEGOU)
   ( MOPTI)
   tōng (TOMBOUCTOU)
   jiā 'ào (GAO)
   'ěr( KIDAL)
   sāng( SAN)
   jié nèi( Djenné)
   mín
   yòu yuē 20 tóng de mín zhōng rén shù zuì duō de shì bān rénzhè xiē tóng de mín de yán wén huà xiāng tóngdàn shì píng gòng chùdōng běi dān de mín hěn zǎo jiù běi fēi de lín jiāo wǎng duō shù xìn yǎng lán jiàotóng shí guó nèi yòu duō fēi zhōu chuán tǒng de xìn yǎng fēi cháng zhòng shì duō zhǒng de wén huà shǐ
  
  54% de rén shì wén mángyuē zhǐ yòu sān fēn zhī 'èr de rén kǒu yòu gān jìng de shuǐ yuánpíng jūn wàng shòu mìng wéi 45 suìrén jūn guó mín shōu zhǐ yòu 192 ōu yuán
  
   guān fāng yán shì dàn duō rén jiāng kàn zuò wài yòu duō mín yán duō shù rén dǒng duō zhǒng zhè xiē yán
  
   zài běi guò jīng cháng shēng léi rén de yùn dòng
  
   zōng jiào
  90% de rén xìn yǎng lán jiào, 8% de rén xìn yǎng bài jiào, 2% de rén xìn yǎng jiào lán jiào guó jiā duì de jīng yòu dìng de zhī chí
  
   jīng
   guó jiā miàn de 2% shì nóng yòng tóng shí 80% de láo dòng zài nóng gōng zuòzài 'ěr sài nèi jiā 'ěr liú zài nán fāng duō nóng yòng fēi cháng zhòngzhí yòu huā shēng gāo liáng mián huā děng
  
   běi fāng yóu gān hàn shōu huò néng huò bǎo zhèngdàn yóu rén kǒu zēng jiā suǒ zào chéng de dào nián jiàng liàng 200 háo de fāng yòu hěn duō nóng tiánzhù yào zuò shì xiǎo mài liào


  Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali), is a landlocked nation in Western Africa. Mali is the seventh largest country in Africa, bordering Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with an estimated population of about 13,000,000. Its capital is Bamako.
  
  Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara, while the country's southern region, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economic structure centers around agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's natural resources include gold, uranium, and salt. Mali is considered to be one of the poorest nations in the world.
  
  Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (from which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. In the late 1800s, Mali fell under French control, becoming part of French Sudan. Mali gained independence in 1959 with Senegal, as the Mali Federation. A year later, the Mali Federation became the independent nation of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a 1991 coup led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state. About half the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.
 

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