埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia 埃及 Egypt 突尼斯 Tunisia 阿尔及利亚 Algeria 尼日利亚 Nigeria 塞内加尔 Senegal 南非 South Africa 安哥拉 Angola 贝宁 Benin 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso 布隆迪 Republic of Burundi 博茨瓦纳 Republic of Botswana 赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea 多哥 Togo 厄立特里亚 Eritrea 佛得角 Republic of Cape Verde 冈比亚 Gambia 刚果 Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Congo 吉布提 Djibouti 几内亚 Guinea 几内亚比绍 Guinea-Bissau 加纳 Republic of Ghana 加蓬 Gabon 津巴布韦 Zimbabwe 喀麦隆 Republic of Cameroon 科摩罗 Comoros 科特迪瓦 Ivory Coast 肯尼亚 Republic of Kenya 莱索托 Kingdom of Lesotho 利比亚 Libya 利比里亚 Republic of Liberia 卢旺达 Republic of Rwanda 马达加斯加 Madagascar 马拉维 Malawi 马里 Republic of Mali 毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania 毛里求斯 Republic of Mauritius 摩洛哥 Kingdom of Morocco 莫桑比克 the Republic of Mozambique 纳米比亚 The Republic of Namibia 尼日尔 Niger 塞拉利昂 the Republic of Sierra Leone 塞舌尔 Seychelles 斯威士兰 Swaziland 苏丹 Sudan 索马里 Somalia 圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe 坦桑尼亚 Tanzania 乌干达 The Republic of Uganda 赞比亚 The Republic of Zambia 乍得 the Republic of Chad 中非共和国 The Central African Republic |
mǎ lā wéi Malawi shǒudōu:lì lóng guī guógūdàimǎ: mw |
mǎ lā wéi, zhèng shì quán míng mǎ lā wéi gòng hé guó( qí qiē wǎ yǔ: DzikolaMalaŵi; yīng yǔ: RepublicofMalawi) shì yī gè wèi yú fēi zhōu dōng nán bù de nèi lù guó jiā, lín jiē zàn bǐ yà、 mò sāng bǐ kè jí tǎn sāng ní yà。 zhèng què wèi zhì wéi nán wěi 9°45' zhì 17°16' zhī jiān, dōng jīng 32°35'-35°24'。 shǒu dū lì lóng guī, wèi yú mǎ lā wéi de zhōng bù。
jīng jì mǎ lā wéi céng bèi lián hé guó píng wéi shì jiè shàng zuì bù fā dá de guó jiā zhī yī, quán guó yuē yòu 55% de rén shēng huó zài pín qióng xiàn yǐ xià, rén jūn guó mín shēng chǎn zǒng zhí zhǐ yòu 600 měi yuán, shì quán shì jiè zuì dī shōu rù de yī qún。 běn guó zhèng fǔ cháng qī jǔ zhài dù rì, guó zhài zhàn guó mín shēng chǎn zǒng zhí de 228.3%。 yīn shòu 'ài zī bìng jí gāo shēng yù shuài yǐng xiǎng, mǎ lā wéi láo dòng lì rén kǒu bǐ lì guò dī, dà gài zhǐ yòu 50% de rén chǔyú 15-64 suì zhī jiān。 jiā shàng rén mín de jiào yù chéng dù hěn dī, guó nèi dī jì shù láo gōng guò shèng, dàn tóng shí yán zhòng quē fá gāo jì shù rén cái, gāi guó jīng jì cháng qī yǐ lài yú nóng chǎn pǐn chū kǒu, nóng yè rén kǒu chāo guò 90%, yīn 'ér guó jiā jīng jì hěn róng yì shòu nóng chǎn pǐn de guó jì jià gé yǐng xiǎng。 nóng mín duō bèi bī shēng chǎn jià zhí jiào gāo dàn bù néng shí yòng de nóng chǎn pǐn( lì rú yān cǎo)。 rú guǒ nà xiē bù néng shí yòng de zhí wù shōu chéng shí hòu jià gé huí luò, yòu bù néng yòng zuò liáng shí, nóng mín zhǐ néng yǐ dī jià chū shòu shōu chéng pǐn, zhè xiē shōu rù bù zú gòu jiě jué jī běn xū yào, xíng chéng 'è xìng xún huán。 xīn zǒng tǒng zuì jìn tuī chū duō xiàng cuò shī gǎi shàn guó jiā jīng jì, bāo kuò fā zhǎn shì chǎng jīng jì, fǎn tān wū, jí jiā qiáng guó mín jiào yù。 guó mín shēng chǎn zǒng zhí: 74.1 yì měi yuán rén jūn guó mín shēng chǎn zǒng zhí: 600 měi yuán tōng zhǎng shuài: 12% jīng jì zēngchánglǜ: 4% mào yì nì chā: -5 qiān 5 bǎi wàn měi yuán wài zhài: 30 yì měi yuán láo dòng rén kǒu: 450 wàn rén zhù yào gōng yè: nóng yè zhù yào chū kǒu huò pǐn: yān cǎo、 mián , chá yè , kā fēi dòu , huā shēng . huò bì: mǎ lā wéi kè wǎ chá( MalawianKwacha) dì lǐ mǎ lā wéi wèi yú fēi zhōu dōng nán bù, nán běi yòu dōng fēi dà liè gǔ guàn chuān, gǔ dǐ jiù shì mǎ lā wéi hú, shì fēi zhōu dì sān dà hú, zhàn mǎ lā wéi zǒng miàn jī de 20 %。 xī léi hé chū zì mǎ lā wéi hú nán duān, liú jīng mǎ lā wéi nán bù dì qū, zuì hòu zhù rù 400 gōng lǐ yǐ nán de zàn bǐ xī hé。 liè gǔ de dōng xī miàn wéi hǎi bá dá 900-1200 mǐ de gāo yuán。 běi bù dì qū de ní kǎ gāo yuán gāo dá 2600 mǐ。 nán bù de xī léi gāo dì píng jūn hǎi bá 600 - 1600 mǐ, bù guò yě yòu sōng bā gāo yuán gāo 2130 mǐ, hé mù lán jí shān dá 3050 mǐ。 xī léi hé xià yóu dì shì jiào dī, hǎi bá zhǐ yòu 60- 90 mǐ。 mǎ lā wéi shì fēi zhōu sǎ hā lā shā mò yǐ nán rén kǒu mì dù zuì gāo de guó jiā zhī yī, shǒu fǔ lì lóng guī rén kǒu wéi 400,000, zuì dà chéng shì bù lán tài 'ěr rén kǒu zài 1998 nián dá dào 500,000。 mǎ lā wéi hú yīn qí cháng 365 yīng lǐ、 kuān 52 yīng lǐ 'ér sú chēng “ rì lì hú ”。 mǎ lā wéi shè yòu 5 zuò guó jiā gōng yuán: mài kè lǐ 'ěr jiǎo guó jiā gōng yuán( CapeMaclear) kǎ sōng gǔ guó jiā gōng yuán( Kasungu) lìng guī guó jiā gōng yuán( Lengwe) lì wēng dài guó jiā gōng yuán( Liwonde) ní kǎ guó jiā gōng yuán( Nyika) qì hòu yīn wéi chàbù duō zhěng gè guó jiādōu chǔyú gāo shān zhī shàng, suǒ yǐ dà bù fèn dì qū de qì hòu chuí zhí chā yì xiǎn zhù, wéi rè dài gān shī jì qì hòu qū de gāo dì qì hòu, pǔ biàn lái shuō gāo shān píng yuán de qì wēn shí fēn wēn hé hé wěn dìng, dàn dōng tiān de qì wēn kě yǐ dī zhì shè shì 4 dù。 ér pén dì de qì wēn jiào wéi mèn rè, zuì rè de shí hòu kě yǐ shè shì 39 dù, ér měi nián de jiàng yǔ liàng yě yīn dì lǐ huán jìng 'ér yòu suǒ chā bié, píng jūn yóu 600mm zhì 3000mm bù děng。 tōng cháng yǔ jì yóu 11 yuè kāi shǐ zhì 5 yuè, ér 5 yuè zhì 11 yuè de jiàng yǔ liàng hěn dī。 mǎ lā wéi yīn chǔyú gāo yuán dì dài, suǒ yǐ jí shǎo shòu dào jù fēng、 hóng shuǐ děng wēi xié。 xíng zhèng qū huá mǎ lā wéi quán guó fēn 3 gè qū( regions), běi bù qū、 zhōng yāng qū、 hé nán bù qū, qū xià hái fēn wéi 27 gè xiàn( districts), rú xià: bā lā kǎ xiàn( Balaka) bù lán tài 'ěr xiàn( Blantyre) qí kè wǎ wǎ xiàn( Chikwawa) qí lā zhū lú xiàn( Chiradzulu) qí dì pà xiàn( Chitipa) dài zhā xiàn( Dedza) duō wǎ xiàn( Dowa) kǎ lóng jiā xiàn( Karonga) kǎ sōng gǔ xiàn( Kasungu) lì kē mǎ xiàn( Likoma) lì lóng guī xiàn( Lilongwe) mǎ qīn jiā xiàn( Machinga) màn gē qiē xiàn( Mangochi) mǔ qīn jí xiàn( Mchinji) mǔ lán jié xiàn( Mulanje) mǔ wàn zhā xiàn( Mwanza) mǔ jīn bā xiàn( Mzimba) ēn kǎ tǎ wān xiàn( NkhataBay) ēn kē tǎ kē tǎ xiàn( Nkhotakota) ēn sāng jié xiàn( Nsanje) ēn chè wū xiàn( Ntcheu) ēn qí sī xiàn( Ntchisi) fǎ lóng bèi xiàn( Phalombe) lún bǐ xiàn( Rumphi) sà lì mǎ xiàn( Salima) dì yuē luó xiàn( Thyolo) sōng bā xiàn( Zomba) rén kǒu mǎ lā wéi de rén kǒu dà yuē yòu 1250 wàn rén, chāo guò 90% de rén kǒu jū zhù zài wèi fā zhǎn de nóng cūn。 mǎ lā wéi yīn shòu 'ài zī bìng yǐng xiǎng, rén kǒu dà fú xià jiàng, ér píng jūn shòu mìng yě yīn cǐ xià jiàng。 gēn jù 2003 nián de zī liào, chéng rén de 'ài zī bìng gǎn rǎn shuài dá 14.2%, jí chàbù duō yòu 90 wàn míng 'ài zī bìng huàn zhě, ér mǎ lā wéi rén de píng jūn shòu mìng zhǐ yòu 36.97 suì。 mǎ lā wéi de shēng yù shuài pō gāo, píng jūn měi míng yǐ hūn fù nǚ huì dàn xià 5.98 míng yīng hái, dàn 'ài zī bìng lìng mǎ lā wéi de yīng 'ér yāo zhé shuài dá 10%, jí měi 1000 míng xīn shēng yīng 'ér jiù yòu 103.22 míng yīng 'ér sǐ wáng。 zǒng rén kǒu: 1 qiān 2 bǎi wàn nián líng fēn bù: 0-14 suì 46.9%,15-64 suì 50.4%,65 suì huò yǐ shàng 2.8% rén kǒu zēngchánglǜ: 2.06% chū shēng shuài: 43.95 yīng 'ér /1000 rén sǐ wáng shuài: 23.39 sǐ wáng /1000 rén nán nǚ bǐ lì: 0.99 míng nán xìng /1 míng nǚ xìng píng jūn nián líng: nán :36.59 suì , nǚ :37.36 suì zhòng yào chéng zhèn qí mǔ bā( Mzimba) lì lóng guī( Lilongwe) shǒu dū sà lì mǎ( Salima) sōng bā( Zomba) bù lán tài 'ěr( Blantyre) zuì dà chéng shì mǔ zǔ zǔ( Mzuzu) wén huà mǎ lā wéi rén shì yī gè hěn rè qíng yǒu shàn de mín zú, suǒ yǐ tā men yòu xiǎng yòu“ WarmheartofAfrica” de měi yù。 mǎ lā wéi de guān fāng yǔ yán shì qí qiē wǎ yǔ jí yīng yǔ。 dà bù fèn mǎ lā wéi rén xìn fèng tiān zhù jiào, lìng wài dà gài yòu 10% de rén xìn fèng yī sī lán jiào。 mǎ lā wéi dà yuē yòu 40% de rén shì wén máng, dāng zhōng yòu yī bàn yǐ shàng de wén máng shì fù nǚ。 yǔ yán: qí qiē wǎ yǔ 57.2%,Chinyanja12.8%,Chiyao10.1%,Chitumbuka9.5%,Chisena2.7%,Chilomwe2.4%,Chitonga1.7%,3.6% qí tā (CIAfactbook) zōng jiào xìn yǎng: 79.9% tiān zhù jiào、 12.8% huí jiào、 3% qí tā、 4.3% méi yòu zōng jiào xìn yǎng wén máng bǐlǜ: nán: 23.9%, nǚ: 50.2% jiào yù zhèng fǔ tí gōng miǎn fèi de xiǎo xué jiào yù。 zài gāo děng jiào yù fāng miàn, guó nèi shè yòu liǎng suǒ zhù yào de dà xué fēn bié wéi mǎ lā wéi dà xué jí mǔ zǔ zǔ dà xué。 qí zhōng yǐ mǎ lā wéi dà xué de lì shǐ zuì wéi yōu jiǔ qiě zuì jù guī mó, cǐ wài lìng yòu“ mǎ lā wéi guǎn lǐ xué yuàn”( MalawiInstituteofManagement) jí“ mǎ lā wéi qǐ yè fā zhǎn xué yuàn”( MalawiEntrepreneurialDevelopmentInstitute) jūn yòu tí gōng guǎn lǐ rén cái de xùn liàn kè chéng。 zhèng fǔ mǎ lā wéi shì zhòng fēi zhōu guó jiā zhōng qí zhōng yī gè zhèng jú zuì wěn dìng de guó jiā, yě shì shǎo shù méi yòu shòu nèi zhàn yǐng xiǎng de fēi zhōu guó jiā, gāi guó yú 1966 nián 7 yuè 6 rì gǎi zhì gòng hé, wéi zǒng tǒng zhì。 zǒng tǒng wèiguó jiā yuán shǒu、 zuì gāo xíng zhèng shǒu cháng jí jūn shì tǒng shuài, yǐ xuǎn jǔ fāng shì chǎn shēng, rèn qī wǔ nián, měi wǔ nián jǔ xíng yī cì pǔ xuǎn。 zǒng tǒng xià shè yī zhì liǎng wèi fù zǒng tǒng, nèi gé gé yuán yóu zǒng tǒng zhí jiē rèn miǎn。 guó huì cǎi yī yuàn zhì, chēng“ guó mín yì huì”。 dì fāng zhèng fǔ zé fēn shè běi、 zhōng、 nán, quán guó gòng yòu 26 gè xiàn。 wài jiāo mǎ lā wéi gòng hé guó 1966 nián yǔ zhōng huá mín guó jiàn lì bāng jiāo, yú 2007 nián 12 yuè 28 rì duàn jiāo hòu, tóng zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó jiàn lì wài jiāo guān xì。 jiāo tōng gōng lù: lián luò lín guó de zhù yào dào lù yòu: wǎng mò sāng bǐ kè de bèi lā、 nán fēi de dé bān; wǎng tǎn sāng ní yà de dá lěi sī sà lā mǔ; guó nèi kè huò yùn bān chē zhù yào wǎng lái yú bù lán tài 'ěr hé lì lóng guī zhī jiān。 kōng yùn háng kōng gōng sī: mǎ lā wéi háng kōng gōng sī tí gōng qū yù jí guó jì háng bān, kě qián wǎng zhī mùdì dì bāo kuò nài luò bǐ、 hā lā léi、 lù shā kǎ、 bù lán tài 'ěr hé yuē hàn ní sī bǎo děng děng; ōu zhōu jí fēi zhōu háng kōng gōng sī zài lì lóng guī guó jì jī chǎng měi tiān dōuyòu bān jī qǐ jiàng, bāo kuò yīng guó、 kěn ní yà、 KLM、 āi sài 'é bǐ yà、 nán fēi、 jīn bā bù wéi hé zàn bǐ yà děng háng kōng gōng sī。 jī chǎng: mù qián yòu shǒu dū lì lóng guī hé bù lán tài 'ěr liǎng zuò dà xíng guó jì jī chǎng, jūn shè yòu dà guī mó de bǎo shuì hé lěng cáng cāng kù kě gōng shǐ yòng。 tiě lù: chú liǎo guó nèi tiě lù xiàn wài, hái yòu guó jì tiě lù yùn shū tōng wǎng mò sāng bǐ kè de nà kǎ lā gǎng( Nacala)。 diàn xìn: diàn huà kě yǐ guó jì zhí bō zhì shì jiè zhù yào de chéng shì, chuán zhēn、 diàn zǐ yóu jiàn jí zī liào dōukě yǐ cóng mǎ lā wéi chuán sòng zhì shì jiè gè dì。 zài jìng nèi de zhù yào chéng shì dōukě shǐ yòng yí dòng diàn huà。 Malawi was first settled during the 10th century and remained under native rule until 1891 when it was colonized by the British, who ruled the country until 1964. Upon gaining independence it became a single-party state under the presidency of Hastings Banda, who remained president until 1994, when he was ousted from power. Bingu Mutharika, elected in 2004, is the current president. Malawi has a democratic, multi-party government. Malawi has a small military force that includes an army, a navy and an air wing. Malawi's foreign policy is pro-Western and includes positive diplomatic relations with most countries and participation in several international organizations. Malawi is among the world's least developed and most densely populated countries. The economy is heavily based in agriculture, with a largely rural population. The Malawian government depends heavily on outside aid to meet development needs, although this need (and the aid offered) has decreased since 2000. The Malawian government faces challenges in growing the economy, improving education, health care and the environmental protection and becoming financially independent. Malawi has several programs developed since 2005 that focus on these issues, and the country's outlook appears to be improving, with improvements in economic growth, education and healthcare seen in 2007 and 2008. Malawi has a low life expectancy and high infant mortality. There is a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, which is a drain on the labor force and government expenditures, and is expected to have a significant impact on gross domestic product (GDP) by 2010. There is a diverse population of native peoples, Asians and Europeans, with several languages spoken and an array of religious beliefs. Although there was tribal conflict in the past, by 2008 it had diminished considerably and the concept of a Malawian nationality had begun to form. Malawi has a culture combining native and colonial aspects, including sports, art, dance and music. |
|