埃塞俄比亚 Ethiopia 埃及 Egypt 突尼斯 Tunisia 阿尔及利亚 Algeria 尼日利亚 Nigeria 塞内加尔 Senegal 南非 South Africa 安哥拉 Angola 贝宁 Benin 布基纳法索 Burkina Faso 布隆迪 Republic of Burundi 博茨瓦纳 Republic of Botswana 赤道几内亚 Equatorial Guinea 多哥 Togo 厄立特里亚 Eritrea 佛得角 Republic of Cape Verde 冈比亚 Gambia 刚果 Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国 Democratic Republic of Congo 吉布提 Djibouti 几内亚 Guinea 几内亚比绍 Guinea-Bissau 加纳 Republic of Ghana 加蓬 Gabon 津巴布韦 Zimbabwe 喀麦隆 Republic of Cameroon 科摩罗 Comoros 科特迪瓦 Ivory Coast 肯尼亚 Republic of Kenya 莱索托 Kingdom of Lesotho 利比亚 Libya 利比里亚 Republic of Liberia 卢旺达 Republic of Rwanda 马达加斯加 Madagascar 马拉维 Malawi 马里 Republic of Mali 毛里塔尼亚 Mauritania 毛里求斯 Republic of Mauritius 摩洛哥 Kingdom of Morocco 莫桑比克 the Republic of Mozambique 纳米比亚 The Republic of Namibia 尼日尔 Niger 塞拉利昂 the Republic of Sierra Leone 塞舌尔 Seychelles 斯威士兰 Swaziland 苏丹 Sudan 索马里 Somalia 圣多美和普林西比 Sao Tome and Principe 坦桑尼亚 Tanzania 乌干达 The Republic of Uganda 赞比亚 The Republic of Zambia 乍得 the Republic of Chad 中非共和国 The Central African Republic |
kā mài lóng Republic of Cameroon shǒudōu:yǎ wēn dé guógūdàimǎ: cm |
kā mài lóng gòng hé guó( yīng wén: RepublicofCameroon; fǎ wén: RépubliqueduCameroun) shì wèi yú fēi zhōu zhōng xī bù de dān yī zhì gòng hé guó。 kā mài lóng xī fāng yǔ ní rì lì yà jiē rǎng, dōng běi yǔ dōng biān fēn bié hé zhà dé yǔ zhōng fēi xiāng kào, nán fāng zé yǔ chì dào jǐ nèi yà、 jiā péng jí gāng guǒ gòng hé guó pí lín。 kā mài lóng de hǎi 'àn xiàn jǐn yǐ bāng ní wān, qí shǔ yú jǐ nèi yà wān jí dà xī yáng de yī bù fēn。 kā mài lóng yóu yú qí dì zhì yǔ wén huà de duō yàng xìng, ér yòu “ xiǎo fēi zhōu ” měi yù, qí zì rán dì lǐ fēng mào bāo kuò hǎi tān、 shā mò、 gāo shān、 yǔ lín jí rè dài mǎng yuán děng。 dāng dì de zuì gāo fēng shì xī nán bù de kā mài lóng huǒ shān, dà chéng shì zé yòu dù 'ā lā、 yǎ wēn dé jí jiā lǔ 'ā děng, bìng qī jū liǎo chāo guò 200 gè zhǒng zú yǔ yǔ yán zú qún。 kā mài lóng yǐ qí guó jiā zú qiú duì jí běn tǔ yīnyuè fēng gé zhù chēng, qí zhōng yòu yǐ mǎ kù sà yǔ bǐ kù xī zuì wéi rén zhī。 kā mài lóng de guān fāng yǔ yán wéi yīng yǔ yǔ fǎ yǔ。
lì shǐ kā mài lóng zuì zǎo de jū mín shì bǐ gé mǐ rén de bā kǎ bù luò。 shuō bān tú yǔ de zú yì zuì yě zǎo qǐ yuán yú kā mài lóng de gāo dì dì qū, dàn zài 'ōu zhōu rén rù qīn qián, dà bù fēn yǐ jīng qiān zǒu。 16 shì jì chū pú táo yá rén lái dào zhè lǐ, dàn méi yòu jiǔ jū。 dé guó yú 1870 nián dài kāi shǐ jiàn lì zhí mín tǒng zhì。 dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn hòu, kā mài lóng bèi yīng guó hé fǎ guó guā fēn。 1961 nián fǎ zhǔhè yīng shǔ kā mài lóng hé bìng, fǎ shǔ kā mài lóng shì yī nián qián huò dé dú lì de。 dú lì hòu de shǒu wèi zǒng tǒng shì 'ā hè mǎ dù · ā xī qiáo。 xiàn rèn zǒng tǒng bǐ yà yú 1982 nián jiù zhí, lián xuǎn lián rèn duō jiè, zuì jìn xuǎn jǔ shì zài 2004 nián 10 yuè jìn xíng de。 kā mài lóng zhí mín dì zhèng zhì gēn jù 1992 nián duì 1972 nián xiàn fǎ de xiū dìng, zǒng tǒng jù yòu xíng zhèng quán lì。 zǒng tǒng quán lì guǎng fàn , bìng kě bù tōng guò hé guó mín dà huì de xié shāng。 guó mín dà huì yòu 180 gè xí wèi, měi nián jǔ xíng sān cì huì yì。 zhù yào zhí zé shì lì fǎ。 sī fǎ jī gòu wéi sī fǎ bù de xià shǔ jī gòu, zuì gāo fǎ yuàn zhǐ yòu zài zǒng tǒng yào qiú xià cái kě duì fǎ lǜ shì fǒu wéi xiàn jìn xíng shěn chá。 dì lǐ kā mài lóng dì xíng duō biàn, xī nán yán hǎi wéi rè dài yǔ lín qì hòu de píng yuán, zhōng bù dì shì jiàn gāo, wéi gāo yuán dì xíng。 xī bù wéi shān dì。 běi bù qì hòu zào rè, wéi rè dài cǎo yuán qì hòu。 huán jìng gēn jù BernardFoahom de yī xiàng yán jiū xiǎn shì, 2001 nián kā mài lóng yōng yòu zhì shǎo 542 zhǒng yú lèi, qí zhōng 96 zhǒng wéi tè yòu zhǒng。 cǐ wài hái yōng yòu chāo guò 15000 zhǒng lín chì mù kūn chóng, 280 zhǒng bǔ rǔ dòng wù( bāo kuò zuì dà hé zuì xiǎo zhǒng lèi), 275 zhǒng fēi zhōu pá xíng dòng wù zhōng de 165 zhǒng, yǐ jí 3 zhǒng 'ě yú hé 190 zhì 200 zhǒng wā lèi。 lìng wài, gāi guó zhì shǎo yōng yòu 900 zhǒng bù tóng zhǒng lèi de niǎo lèi, qí zhōng 750 zhǒng wèi yú kā mài lóng, lìng wài 150 zhǒng wéi hòu niǎo。 wèile bǎo hù bīn lín miè zhǒng wēi xié de kè luó sī hé dà xīng xīng, 2008 nián zài wèi yú yǔ ní rì lì yà biān jìng jiē rǎng de dì fāng shè lì liǎo Takamanda-Nationalpark guó jiā gōng yuán, huǐ lín hé shòu liè shǐ zhè zhǒng dòng wù zài quán qiú de shù mù suō jiǎn dào 300 zhǐ。 zī yuán quán guó yōng yòu xǔ duō zì rán zī yuán、 tè chǎn, yuán yóu、 kā fēi、 xiāng jiāo、 tiān rán xiàng jiāo、 lǚ、 lǚ tǔ kuàng、 tiě kuàng shí、 mù cái。 jīng jì jī chǔ shù zì 2004 nián quán guó guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí( GDP) wéi: 127 yì 'ōu yuán, 2002 nián shí: 75 yì 'ōu yuán。 rén jūn nián shōu rù yuē 780 ōu yuán( 2002 nián wéi: 500 ōu yuán)。 GDP de chéngfèn yóu 42% nóng yè、 22% gōng yè、 36% fú wù yè suǒ zǔ chéng。 60% de jiù yè gǎng wèi wèi yú nóng yè, jìn jǐ nián gāi shù zì lüè wēi yòu suǒ xià jiàng。 cóng 1990 nián héng héng 2001 nián de 11 nián jiān, nián tōng huò péng zhàng wéi: 4.9%。 mào yì quán guó jìn kǒu 'é wéi: 1.205 zhào zhōng fēi fǎ láng, jìn kǒu huò wù duō shì kuàng wù lèi、 qí tā yuán liào chǎn pǐn, yǐ jí bàn chéng pǐn、 gōng yè xiāo hào pǐn、 yíng yǎng pǐn、 yǐn liào、 yān cǎo、 yùn shū gōng jù。 chū kǒu 'é lüè wēi dà yú jìn kǒu: 1.363 zhào zhōng fēi fǎ láng, qí zhōng bāo kuò: yuán yóu、 mù chǎn pǐn、 kě kě、 kā fēi yǐ jí zì chǎn de shí pǐn。 kā mài lóng shì suǒ yòu fēi zhōu guó jiā zhōng kǎn fá shù mù zuì duō de guó jiā。 zhèng fǔ zhī chū 1992 nián héng héng 2000 nián jiān zhèng fǔ tóu rù qíng kuàng: 3% jiàn kāng 12% jiào yù 10% guó fáng mù qián kā mài lóng quán guó suǒ yòu de yuǎn chéng gōng lù dū wěi pài gěi wài guó tóu zī zhě。 rén kǒu rén kǒu zēngzhǎng 1991 zhì 2003 nián dān wèi: 1000 rén rén kǒu yuē 1,500 wàn, fēn wéi 200 duō gè bù zú。 zhù yào yòu bān tú yǔ zú de mín zú hé bǐ gé mǐ rén。 zhù yào zōng jiào yòu yuán shǐ zōng jiào, yī sī lán jiào hé jī dū jiào。 2008 nián kā mài lóng de yīng 'ér chū shēng shuài wéi: 4.7 gè yīng 'ér / měi míng fù nǚ, dàn lìng yī fāng miàn, jǐn yòu 13% de yǐ hūn fù nǚ shǐ yòng xiàn dài bì yùn gōng jù。 měi 1000 rén de chū shēng shuài shì 36 rén( shì jiè píng jūn shuǐ píng: 21 rén), měi 1000 rén de rén kǒu sǐ wáng shuài shì 13 rén( shì jì píng jūn shuǐ wèi: 8 rén)。 42% de kā mài lóng rén kǒu nián líng zài 15 suì yǐ xià, 4% de rén kǒu nián líng zài 65 suì yǐ shàng。 xíng zhèng qū huá kā mài lóng shěng fèn kā mài lóng fēn wéi 10 gè shěng fèn: 1. ā dá mǎ wǎ shěng( fǎ yǔ: Provincedel'Adamaoua, yīng yǔ: AdamawaProvince) 2. zhōng yāng shěng( fǎ yǔ: ProvinceduCentre, yīng yǔ: CentreProvince) 3. dōng fāng shěng( fǎ yǔ: Provincedel'Est, yīng yǔ: EastProvince) 4. jí běi shěng( fǎ yǔ: Provincedel'Extrême-Nord, yīng yǔ: ExtremeNorthProvince) 5. lì tuō lā shěng( fǎ yǔ: ProvinceduLittoral, yīng yǔ: LittoralProvince), yì wéi yán 'àn shěng 6. běi fāng shěng( fǎ yǔ: ProvinceduNord, yīng yǔ: NorthProvince) 7. xī běi shěng( fǎ yǔ: ProvinceduNord-Ouest, yīng yǔ: NorthwestProvince) 8. xī fāng shěng( fǎ yǔ: Provincedel'Ouest, yīng yǔ: WestProvince) 9. nán fāng shěng( fǎ yǔ: ProvinceduSud, yīng yǔ: SouthProvince) 10. xī nán shěng( fǎ yǔ: ProvinceduSud-Ouest, yīng yǔ: SouthwestProvince) wén huà jié jiǎ rì rì qī jié rì 1 yuè 1 rì yuán dàn 2 yuè 11 rì guó jiā qīng nián jié 5 yuè 1 rì láo dòng jié 5 yuè 20 rì guó qìng jié 8 yuè 15 rì shèng mǔ shēng tiān jié 12 yuè 25 rì shèng dàn jié chú cǐ zhī wài hái yòu xiē rì qī bù gù dìng de jié rì, bāo kuò: jī dū jiào: fù huó jié。 mù sī lín: 'Idal-Fitr hé zǎi shēng jié tǐ yù kā mài lóng guó nèi zuì shòu huān yíng de tǐ yù xiàng mù dāng shǔ zú qiú。 zài 1982 nián xī bān yá shì jiè bēi shàng, kā mài lóng guó jiā duì bèi dì yī cì guànyǐ“ fēi zhōu xióng shī”( fǎ yǔ: LesLionsIndomptables) de chēng hào, yí hàn de shì zài dì yī lún yù sài zhōng bèi dāng nián de guànjūn yì dà lì duì táo tài。 8 nián hòu zài yì dà lì jǔ xíng de 1990 nián shì jiè bēi shàng, kā mài lóng duì chéng wéi liǎo dì yī zhī chōng rù sì fēn zhī yī jué sài de fēi zhōu qiú duì( bù xìng de shì: yǐ 2:3 de bǐ fēn shū gěi liǎo yīng gé lán duì)。 quán duì zhōng zuì chū míng de dāng xuǎn: luó jié · mǐ lā, tā liǎng dù bèi xuǎn wéi fēi zhōu zú qiú xiān shēng。 jiào yù shǒu dū yǎ wēn dé yòu yǎ wēn dé dà xué。 Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest. Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ("River of Prawns"), the name from which Cameroon derives. Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century, and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms. Cameroon became a German colony in 1884. After World War I, the territory was divided between France and Britain as League of Nations mandates. The Union des Populations du Cameroun political party advocated independence but was outlawed in the 1950s. It waged war on French and Cameroonian forces until 1971. In 1960, French Cameroun became independent as the Republic of Cameroun under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. The southern part of British Cameroons merged with it in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. The country was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon in 1972 and the Republic of Cameroon in 1984. Compared to other African countries, Cameroon enjoys relatively high political and social stability. This has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, railways, and large petroleum and timber industries. Nevertheless, large numbers of Cameroonians live in poverty as subsistence farmers. Power lies firmly in the hands of the president, Paul Biya, and his Cameroon People's Democratic Movement party, and corruption is widespread. The Anglophone community has grown increasingly alienated from the government, and Anglophone politicians have called for greater decentralisation and even the secession of the former British-governed territories. |
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