| bō lì wéi yà Bolivia shǒudōu:sū kè léi guógūdàimǎ: bo |
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bō lì wéi yà duō mín zú guó（ xī bān yá wén： EstadoPlurinacionaldeBolivia） shì nán měi zhōu de yī gè nèi lù guó jiā， wéi nán měi zhōu guó jiā lián méng de chéng yuán guó。 lín guó yòu bā xī、 bìlǔ、 zhì lì、 ā gēn tíng、 bā lā guī wǔ guó， fǎ dìng shǒu dū wéi sū kè léi， dàn shí jì shàng de zhèng fǔ suǒ zài dì wéi lā bā sī， lā bā sī hǎi bá gāo dù chāo guò 3,600 mǐ， wéi shì jiè hǎi bá zuì gāo de shǒu dū。
lì shǐ bō lì wéi yà yú 15 shì jì mò bèi xī bān yá zhēng fú， lì shǔ yú xī bān yá lā pǔ lā tǎ zǒng dū qū。 zài 18 shì jì jiān de lā dīng měi zhōu dú lì zhàn zhēng bō lì wéi yà bèi yī wèi cóng wěi nèi ruì lā de jiā lā jiā sī lái de mín zú yīng xióng --- bō lì wǎ 'ěr jiě jiù 'ér dú lì， suǒ yǐ guó míng biàn yǐ tā de míng zì wéi míng。 1825 nián zhèng shì cóng xī bān yá dú lì， dú lì hòu de bō lì wéi yà jīng cháng hé zhōu biān guó jiā fā shēng zhàn zhēng， yīn 'ér shī qù liǎo hěn duō tǔ dì， yòu xiàn jīn zhì lì běi bù de 'ān dì sī shān mài hé yán hǎi dì qū， bā xī nán bù， hé bā lā guī běi bù。 tè bié shì zài 1879 nián dào 1883 nián de xiāo shí zhàn zhēng， bō lì wéi yà sàng shī qí wéi yī bīn hǎi shěng fèn， bāo kuò zhòng yào gǎng kǒu 'ān tuō fǎ jiā sī tǎ（ Antofagasta）， bō guó zì cǐ chéng wéi nèi lù guó jiā。 2005 nián 12 yuè 18 rì， zǒng tǒng xuǎn jǔ jǔ xíng。 āi wò · mò lā lāi sī yǐ 54% de xuǎn piào yíng dé xuǎn jǔ， bìng yú 2006 nián 1 yuè 22 rì jiù zhí。 dì lǐ bō lì wéi yà shǔ yú dì shì xī gāo dōng dī de guó jiā。 xī bù gāo dì wèi yú 'ān dì sī shān mài， dōng bù dī dì bāo hán yà mǎ xùn sēn lín。 zuì gāo de shān shì shā hā mǎ shān (6,542 mǐ )， zuì dī chù de dì diǎn wèi yú 'ào lǔ luó shěng。 dídí kā kā hú wèi yú bō lì wéi yà yǔ bìlǔ de jiāo jiè chù。 wū yóu ní yán zhǎo wèi yú xī nán bù（ bō duō xī shěng）。 zhèng zhì 2005 nián 12 yuè 18 rì， bō lì wéi yà xuǎn chū gāi guó shǒu wèi měi zhōu yuán zhù mín zǒng tǒng 'āi wò · mò lā lāi sī。 xíng zhèng qū huá jiǔ gè shěng departmentos hé shǒu dū * qiū jī sà kǎ shěng Chuquisaca shǒu fǔ（ sū kè léi Sucre） * kē qià bān bā shěng Cochabamba shǒu fǔ（ Cochabamba） * bèi ní shěng Beni shǒu fǔ（ tè lì ní dá Trinidad） * lā bā sī shěng shǒu fǔ（ LaPaz） * ào lǔ luó shěng Oruro shǒu fǔ（ Oruro） * pān duō shěng Pando shǒu fǔ（ kē wéi hā Cobija） * bō duō xī shěng Potosí shǒu fǔ（ Potosí） * shèng kè lǔ sī shěng SantaCruz shǒu fǔ（ SantaCruzdelaSierra） * tǎ lǐ hā shěng Tarija shǒu fǔ（ Tarija） jīng jì bō lì wéi yà shì nán měi zhōu zuì pín qióng de guó jiā。 zhè shì yīn wéi gāo dù fǔ bài hé zhí mín tǒng zhì hòu wài guó liè qiáng zài gāi guó de shì lì。 gāi guó yōng yòu fēng fù de zì rán zī yuán， yīn cǐ bèi chēng wéi " zuò zài jīn kuàng shàng de lǘ "。 chú liǎo zhù míng de kuàng cáng， hái yòu rén suǒ shú zhī de shì hòu lái bèi xī bān yá rén fā xiàn de yìn jiā dì guó， bō lì wéi yà yōng yòu zài wěi nèi ruì lā zhī hòu de nán měi zhōu dì 'èr dà tiān rán qì tián。 cǐ wài， sà 'ěr wǎ duō mutún zài shèng kè lǔ sī yōng yòu 70 ％ de shì jiè tiě hé měi。 bō lì wéi yà de 2002 nián guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí（ guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí） yǐ dá 79 yì měi yuán。 jīng jì zēngzhǎng yuē 2.5％， 2002 nián tōng huò péng zhàng shuài yù jì jiāng zài 3％ zhì 4％，（ 2001 nián dī yú 2%）。 Prior to European colonization, the Bolivian territory was a part of the Inca Empire, which was the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. During most of the Spanish colonial period, this territory was called "Upper Peru" or "Charcas" and was under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included most of Spain's South American colonies. After declaring independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the republic, named for Simón Bolívar, on August 6, 1825. Bolivia has struggled through periods of political instability, dictatorships and economic woes. Bolivia is a democratic republic, divided into nine departments. Its geography is varied from the peaks of the Andes in the west, to the eastern lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country, with a medium Human Development Index score, and a poverty level around 60%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum. Bolivia is very wealthy in minerals especially tin. The Bolivian population, estimated at 9 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans and to a lesser extent Asians and Africans. The main language spoken is Spanish, although the Aymara and Quechua languages are also common. The large number of different cultures within Bolivia has contributed greatly to a wide diversity in fields such as art, cuisine, literature and music. |
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