南美洲:   
玻利維亞 Bolivia   首都:蘇剋雷  國家代碼: bo   
  朝政
  玻利維亞多民族國(西班牙文:Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia)是南美洲的一個內陸國傢,為南美洲國傢聯盟的成員國。鄰國有巴西、秘魯、智利、阿根廷、巴拉圭五國,法定首都為蘇剋雷,但實際上的政府所在地為拉巴斯,拉巴斯海拔高度超過3,600米,為世界海拔最高的首都。
  
  歷史
  玻利維亞於15世紀末被西班牙徵服,隸屬於西班牙拉普拉塔總督區。
  
  在18世紀間的拉丁美洲獨立戰爭玻利維亞被一位從委內瑞拉的加拉加斯來的民族英雄---玻利瓦爾解救而獨立,所以國名便以他的名字為名。
  
  1825年正式從西班牙獨立,獨立後的玻利維亞經常和周邊國傢發生戰爭,因而失去了很多土地,有現今智利北部的安第斯山脈和沿海地區,巴西南部,和巴拉圭北部。特別是在1879年到1883年的硝石戰爭,玻利維亞喪失其唯一濱海省份,包括重要港口安托法加斯塔(Antofagasta),玻國自此成為內陸國傢。
  
  2005年12月18日,總統選舉舉行。埃沃·莫拉萊斯以54%的選票贏得選舉,並於2006年1月22日就職。
  地理
  
  玻利維亞屬於地勢西高東低的國傢。西部高地位於安地斯山脈,東部低地包含亞馬遜森林。最高的山是沙哈瑪山(6,542米),最低處的地點位於奧魯羅省。的的喀喀湖位於玻利維亞與秘魯的交界處。烏尤尼????沼位於西南部(波多西省)。
  政治
  
  2005年12月18日,玻利維亞選出該國首位美洲原住民總統埃沃·莫拉萊斯。
  行政區劃
  
  九個省departmentos 和首都
  
   * 丘基薩卡省Chuquisaca首府(蘇剋雷Sucre)
   * 科恰班巴省Cochabamba首府(Cochabamba)
   * 貝尼省Beni首府(特立尼達Trinidad)
   * 拉巴斯省首府(La Paz)
   * 奧魯羅省Oruro首府(Oruro)
   * 潘多省Pando首府(科維哈Cobija)
   * 波多西省Potosí首府(Potosí)
   * 聖剋魯斯省Santa Cruz首府(Santa Cruz de la Sierra)
   * 塔裏哈省Tarija首府(Tarija)
  
  經濟
  
  玻利維亞是南美洲最貧窮的國傢。這是因為高度腐敗和殖民統治後外國列強在該國的勢力。該國擁有豐富的自然資源,因此被稱為"坐在金礦上的驢"。除了著名的礦藏,還有人所熟知的是後來被西班牙人發現的印加帝國,玻利維亞擁有在委內瑞拉之後的南美洲第二大天然氣田。此外,薩爾瓦多mutún在聖剋魯斯擁有70%的世界鐵和鎂。
  
  玻利維亞的2002年國內生産總值(國內生産總值)已達79億美元。經濟增長約2.5%,2002年通貨膨脹率預計將在3%至4% ,(2001年低於2%)。


  Bolivia, officially Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, [esˈtaðo pluɾinasjoˈnal de βoˈliβja]), is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, and Chile and Peru to the west.
  
  Prior to European colonization, the Bolivian territory was a part of the Inca Empire, which was the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. During most of the Spanish colonial period, this territory was called "Upper Peru" or "Charcas" and was under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included most of Spain's South American colonies. After declaring independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the republic, named for Simón Bolívar, on August 6, 1825. Bolivia has struggled through periods of political instability, dictatorships and economic woes.
  
  Bolivia is a democratic republic, divided into nine departments. Its geography is varied from the peaks of the Andes in the west, to the eastern lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country, with a medium Human Development Index score, and a poverty level around 60%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum. Bolivia is very wealthy in minerals especially tin.
  
  The Bolivian population, estimated at 9 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans and to a lesser extent Asians and Africans. The main language spoken is Spanish, although the Aymara and Quechua languages are also common. The large number of different cultures within Bolivia has contributed greatly to a wide diversity in fields such as art, cuisine, literature and music.
 

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