A popular genre in Western literature, and Gothic fiction and crime fiction ﹑ derived from them spy fiction novels ﹑ ﹑ Police mystery novels are both thrilling mystery novel areas. Detective fiction written with amazing primary intellectual reasoning ﹑ judge people, based on a series of clues, cracked crime (usually murder) of the Mystery. Its structure or plot or even the environment ﹑ ﹑ people have certain patterns and programs, it is also a program literature. As the traditional detection in most detective stories to reasoning, so some people call it mystery.
Early 19th century, the capitalist system has been established, the increasing development of bourgeois democracy, secularism, the police system has been gradually established, it is the social basis of detective fiction.
Detective fiction since the mid-19th century development. American writer Edgar? Allan? Slope is considered the founder of Western detective stories. In his "Murder in the Rue Morgue" (1841) ﹑ "Mali? Roquette's Secret" (1842) and "theft of letters" (1844) This three well-known detective novel, the shape of the first amateur detective Dubin's image. Dubin detection by observation and reasoning, became a detective novel detective was the image of the model. Allan? Slope were written seven detective novels, though he works only a small part, but first a detective novel mode of development of the detective novel had a significant impact.
Although Ellen? Singapore has laid a good basis, but in the U.S. until several decades Hou Anna? Catherine? Green (1846 to 1935) 发表 "Levin Wards case" (1878) after it became popular detective novels. "Lee Wen Wards case" is considered the first detective novels written by women.
Europe were very different. The French quickly realized that there may be widely popular detective stories. In 1863, the Emir? Gaboriaud (1835 ~ 1873) published his first detective novel "massacre", create a police detective, Mr. Lecoq image. Lecoq was a minor, a turn away from crime offenders. Although the sensational story, but the police and described the French legal system is quite true. Gaboriaud works are very popular in France and abroad, his detective novels popular in France's development and played an important role in promoting. After him, have appeared a number of detective fiction writer.
Sherlock Holmes story The success of the detective novels springing up, quickly rising in the West. The main writers of early: the United Kingdom Richard? Austin? Freeman (1862 ~ 1943), he shaped the first use of forensic detective John? Thorndike doctors, and pioneered the "reverse detective novel", that is, First note the identity of criminals and then flashback case detection; Oakwinds Baroness (1865 ~ 1947), in the "old corner" one book, the first to write a sitting chair and sat reasoning detection by the "easy chair "detective; A? love? Wu? Mason (1865 ~ 1948), portray the detective, Mr. Han Nuode; Gilbert? Keith? Chesterton (1874 ~ 1936), portray the detective priest Father Brown; Ed Mongolia? g? Bentley (1875 ~ 1956), create a detective Philip? Stoke; Ernest? Brahme (1869 ~ 1942), create a blind detective Max? Kaladuosi. In the U.S., Carolyn? Wells (1869 ~ 1942) shaping the detective Fleming? Stone; Melville? Davison? Post (1871 ~ 1930) shape the Uncle Abner. However, this period Ernest Britain? William? Huona En (1866 ~ 1921) wrote Lafeiersi story, France Morris? LeBron (1864 ~ 1941) wrote of the Grand Theft Auto Assen? Lu class story, most readers.
20 the late 20th century, the emergence of a U.S. "anti-traditional detective fiction," the detective novel, called "tough guy school" detective novels. Such novel depicts a demanding environment and fight scenes, story and characterization in the narrative, the traditional detective work with are quite different. Such works to a certain extent, reflect social reality. After the First World War, the United States to combat the worldwide deep recession, unemployment, poverty, official corruption and social unrest. Some good detective fiction writer trying to reflect this social reality, to improve the level of detective fiction literature. The most famous writer of "tough guy school" detective novels, founder of the Hilton? Hammett (1894 ~ 1961) and Raymond? Chandler (1888 ~ 1958). In their work, people no longer need and arrangements for the plot symbol, I is not omnipotent detective heroes, they have their own weaknesses, they often fall into the embarrassing situation. Hammett's detective novels is the heroic bandits increase the role of private detective Philip Chandler to write about? Marlowe character and integrity even though it is still constantly fight the outlaws guns. They wrote that the police are often no longer the defenders of the law, police often with the collusion between the organization of triads, triad and some organizations are often supported by powerful politicians support. Works of other people often have their own personality, usually depicted as flesh and blood, to give realistic. Hammett and Chandler are good at using Xilian ﹑ vulgar vivid dialogue, reflecting the character's personality, to promote the development of the story, and enhance the credibility of the story. Hammett's "Bloody Harvest" (1929) ﹑ "Glass Key", "Thin Man" (1932) ﹑ Chandler's "big sleep" (1939) ﹑ "Farewell, Dear" (1940) ﹑ " little sister "(1949) and so on, is not only the early" tough guy school "detective fiction masterpiece, but also in the literary world also won a certain reputation.
"Tough guy school" detective fiction have not been very good advantage of the inheritance and development. After World War II, United States and Britain of pursuing commercial value of the detective novelist, and even the "tough guys faction" novels pushed to the edge of pornography. Ran for Miche? Spillane (1918 ~), in order "I and the jury" (1947) began a series of Mike? Hammer as the hero of the detective novel, the focus on descriptive and violence, full of sex and the bloody scenes of beating, until the 70's still being felt.
A small number of detective novelist to explore human problems and social realities. German Swiss writer Friedrich Dürrenmatt writing the "judge and his executioner", "anchor" and "promise" to seek the source of crime, advocating justice, had a distinct color realism. Writing in French Belgian writer George? Simenon's detective novel written on human exploration, focusing on the psychological activities of offenders. His concern is not who is criminal, but why the crime. He attached importance to the logic of feeling, pains to clarify the complex motives. His works include "yellow dog", "nerves", "Death of Augustus", "Maigret and the reluctant witnesses" and so on.
After 1940, the famous detective novelist are: the United States Earl Stanley Gardner (1889 ~ 1970), has shaped both the lawyer is a detective Peilimeisen; Francis Locke and Richard Ridge * Lockridge couple, the couple wrote on the detective story, Mr. North; Mary J · Latis and Martha? Hengnisate, pens 名艾玛拉森 created a Wall Street banker detective 约翰普特纳Musacheer; the United Kingdom Elizabeth McIntosh (1896 ~ 1952), pen 名约瑟芬蒂伊 and shape of the detective Grant; Robert Bruce Montgomery, pens 名埃德蒙克里斯 flat, shaped Detective sugarcane Wasi Fen.
Traditional detective novel model consists of four parts: 1. Mystical environment; 2. Tight plot, including the introduction detective, set out the facts of crime and criminal clues, investigation, declared the case solved, explain the detection, outcome; 3. Characters and personalities the relationship between the main characters are four categories: victims, offenders, detective, detective friend, good person implicated in the crime; 4. a particular storyline. Part of the order of the four permutations and combinations according to needs, but they are the structural foundation of the traditional detective novel.
Detective fiction is still very popular in the West now in the United States accounting for nearly a quarter of annual book sales, most are works of entertainment for readers.
World detective mystery genre and characteristics
We reviewed the detective novels of the origin and development, analysis of the European and American detective mystery novels and two Japanese
Representative of the major writers and their camp. In addition, some writers also deserve to elaborate.
The early 20th century, international situation, the birth of the First World War spy novels, spy novels, writing-mode
-Type structure from the womb detective stories come. Detective fiction writing mode: Crime - Investigation - reasoning -
- Detection. Model spy novel: Spyware - Anti Spyware - battle of wits - solve the case. Both have committed crimes and broken
The case of two major elements. Of course, cracked a spy novel not only for criminals, but even the national interests and national interests have
Off. French writer of detective stories Molisile Brown's "Sherlock Holmes Arsene level war," some of the chapter has been involved in
And to the content of espionage, and cause the attention of other writers. Born in 1903, the first Western spy novel "Sha
Mystery, "by a British intelligence officer os Gold Chai Childs. British writer Yuehanbukan 1915 wrote "The Three
19 steps. " This spy novel was returning from South Africa and the United Kingdom Youth Hanley, met with international intelligence agencies had a
Contact the man, the man suddenly murdered, Hanley also drawn into the whirlpool of an international conspiracy. Since then, he Department
Spy in the police chase and caught between the murder, after a variety of breathtaking scenes. This soul-stirring reading novels,
Create a precedent for the world's spy novel, but also for Somerset Maugham, Sapper, 伊安弗林明, 艾里克安布勃, Danny
Si Wei Deli, John Le Carre, Ning Dayton, Toshiyuki Nishimura, Kim Sung-minute spy novels and detective stories provide
The creative mode. Most important is Maugham.
Maugham Born in Paris in 1874, his parents died when the pastor's uncle back from the British education. Later
University of Heidelberg in Germany to study, proficient in French, English and German language; Maugham his childhood love writing, even though he was medical
University graduates, are still from medicine. 40 years ago to write plays, essays, poetry. After 40 years of commitment to novel writing, to
"Moon and Sixpence," "Rain", "motorcycle", "razor edge", "human bondage" known. With
Spy theme for the content of "undercover agents", it is known around the world literary spy novel. This work thriller plot,
Story climaxes. Due to many years of spies have done, he's the spy among international, through the detective novel
Model to be expressed, full of suspense and fighting scenes, so that the successful experience of detective novels in the spy novels to be lively
Expression.
Although not the same detective fiction spy novels, but obviously affected by the detective novels, many scenes and details are
Learn from the detective novels come.
In Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, there have been a number of important works. Victory of the Soviet Revolution, the revolutionaries led the work
National security departments and launched a struggle against espionage, literary emergence of the "impostor", "inspector of the conscience," "Cat
Falcon's shadow, "" A serious investigation of cases Whole Story, "" Lolita No. mystery, "" suicide researchers destroyed
Destroy, "" cases occurred at night, "" death traps "," Arbat cases "such as the detection of novel counter-special. These
Novel to the public security organs to protect the fruits of victory and the main line of criminals stealing information to expand the detection and fight against detected
Competition. In the fifties and sixties, particularly anti-Soviet detective fiction also has considerable influence, the Chinese literary world with the emergence of innovation in Eastern Europe
The "special novel anti-heat."
Lastly, we should talk about the detective novel. Constitute the main factor detective novel case. Early in the "post-Han
Book "in the handling of cases have a lot of stories after the" Three Kingdoms "in the" Honey in the mouse arrow "," Wei Shu "in the" knife sales
Was a thief, "" jump to identify dead bodies, "" breaking the chicken was feeling "; later appeared in the Ming Dynasty," Puzzle made "(to pass the Sun), Qing
On behalf of the emergence of the "suspected prison series" (Jinfeng Qing Code). The detection of the story, you could say the birth of China provided detective fiction
For the material and foundation. Ming and Qing Dynasties, China Sheng Xinggong case fiction, there have been the main character of Lord Bao "package Detective"
"Chivalrous Detective Novel." Bao Zheng outspoken Untouchables, he settle a lawsuit with personal wisdom and importance of evidence features, but
Infiltrated the wording of the tomb by magic; to solve the case brought unscientific factors. Dutch is Robert van Gulik wrote "Di Gong
The case. " "Di Gong case of" Early and Officials Di Renjie as the main character, he has cracked brass bell case, the maze case, Royal Pearl case
Finger case, gold case, a dozen cases, a detective literary history legend. "Di Gong case" to the West
Modern detection methods, integration of China's ancient story. Layout bizarre, climax one climax after another, exciting.
In particular, the author traces of the crime being hidden in the story, from time to time, is unpredictable, greatly increased the detective novel
Taste. "Di Gong case" is a mystery to Western and Chinese detective novel combination product of the Chinese detective
The development of novel, played a positive role.
30s, detective novels of Chinese literature by European and American influence, there was a "detective fever", Xiaoqing, Sun red, Lu Dan
Ann, who has set foot in detective themes, of which Xiaoqing most affected. Xiaoqing first to translate Conan Doyle's "Fall
Moss Holmes Collection "remarkable, then he see people like detective novels, also created their own" Hawthorne Holmes "
Total 50 articles. "After the end Dance," "White Devil", "Huiyi" and "voir", "blood fingerprint"
"Mao Lion", "Wutou An", "wedding robbery," "finger party" and other works are very popular at that time, many detection
Explore novel was made into a film in 40 years, a smash hit.
50 years, the Chinese novel by the former Soviet Union, anti-special effects to a "National Day at ten o'clock", "Xu Qiuyuan film case",
"Fourth party" such as anti-special novel writing at the Writing Mode imitate their. 80's emerged, "the legal system literature"
Climax, the criminals into individual elements from the agents of crime, such as the early '80s "Rose Hong mystery" is of
A step forward. Some excellent work has been touched on the complexity of human nature and motives of reasons, but, overall,
Success is not very high.
In the 80 years of South Korea, Kim Sung-jong, were composed Wu entitled "Sex and the abyss," "Love Dream," "Revenge
The Lost, "" pillow ghost "and revenge mystery. It is clear; by the Japanese writer Toshiyuki Nishimura and American writer
Yuehanbukan effects, although work style is not very high, but note detective fiction has been cited in the Korean literary world
From the attention.
The above brief review, we understand that Detective fiction in the world development situation. To this end we
Can find some regularities.
First, most of detective novelist with no higher education, many people through self-taught. If Conan Doyle, Wood
High Hashimoto, Henggouzhengshi, Maugham was originally a medical student; Seiichi Morimura, Xia Shujing son graduated from the English Department; Zuoye Yang Science
Is psychology; Qiaozhiximo agriculture, Jirō Akagawa read-only to high school; Agatha Christie, 达谢尔哈梅
Special, Cheng Xiaoqing read only primary school; Niki Etsuko door has not even been to school; Songbenqingzhang, are in hard water Mian
Environment, the work-study and Literary Career. Thus, the academic detective novelist generally not high,
Genuine literature graduate and a writer, and very few, the experience of these writers are not all smooth sailing, Conan Road
Seoul, Agatha Christie, Seiichi Morimura, Daxie Er, Hammett had suffered a bitter defeat submission. They Calendar
After suffering through their own hard work and diligence to accomplish something only in literature. Their job is varied, the water
Mian had been a monk, worked as advertising agents, salesmen and other 19 professional fashion; Songbenqingzhang before entering the literary world, man
Sweeping the streets, Mai Shaobing; Seiichi Morimura a clerk at a large hotel. Jirō Akagawa is the proof; Conan Doyle to open private clinics,
Wants to come; Maugham is when the spies; 达谢尔哈梅特, Xiaoqing, 西村京太郎 worked as a private detective; A
加莎克里斯蒂 with the second husband to visit world heritage; Henggouzhengshi, Zuoye Yang, Toru Miyoshi, stone up
Chuan three journalists and editors have done it work ... ... these experiences, writing detective novels as they provide a first-hand
The material has worked their will.
* Collins, the British writer Charles Dickens considerable influence; French detective novelist Molisile Brown from the French writer Fu
House worship, Zola, Maupassant's works draw nutrition; by Agatha Christie that she was Dickens's Literature
Mu-pin light in the course of life is hard, reading a lot of world famous, and drawing on a variety of genres of artistic expression.
Mutual learning between the detective novelist, affected the American writer Edgar Allan Poe; Conan Doyle has affected Ajiashake
People on the basis of all trying to form his own style and characteristics.
Third, the world's detective novel style of colorful art school. Both Conan Doyle or Agatha
Seiichi different from Songbenqingzhang, Xia Shujing child is different from Niki Etsuko, 西村京太郎 different from Takagi Akimitsu, Village Life
Line different from Katsume Azusa, formed their own delicate, rough, tactful, Unyielding, strange, serious, eclectic, simple, fear
"Proof of Youth," "Revenge Ghost" have killed climbers plot: one for the court to increase the mysterious
Color, on the other hand wrote the Japanese like climbing features.西村京太郎 put the murder scheduled trains,
To reduce the scope of the murderer to a minimum, causing the reader interest. Zuoye Yang put the murders from occurring, insert the male
Among the female love, marriage by the Japanese to reflect the social problems. These unique creative approach and unique works
Style, to detective fiction in the world literature on the shine.
Detectives from Europe and the United States to Japan reasoning shows that Detective novels closer to public life, more and more attention to reader
Reading habits; and the reader favorite theme of this literature shows that detective fiction is thriving vitality. But
In the history of world literature, some authors reject this and comment on homemade popular literature, such as the history of Japanese literature, very little
Few mentioned the name of reasoning novelist, martial arts of Chinese literature in the history of exclusion, this is not a scientific attitude.
Many literature data are missing on the detective novels of the comment; some of the world literary dictionary, do not receive little detective
The article "History of the world's detective novel," fill their gaps, also for love, the reader of detective fiction
And researchers for reference.
Conan Doyle (1859 - 1930) distinguished British detective novelist, playwright.
He graduated from Edinburgh Medical, medical practice more than 10 years, only a living income, after a writer of detective fiction.
Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849)
Agatha Christie (1890 - 1976) State outstanding detective novelist. Early death of his father. Not gone to college, under the guidance of his mother's read the literature, deeply influenced by Dickens. At 16, he began to write detective novels, the first is the "mystery house", but the publishers have no interest. After continuous writing practice, and finally wrote "Death on the Nile", "Oriental Express Murder" and other Famous detective, Poirot with the shape of the typical arts. In detective fiction written a total of 55 years, more than 60 detective novels, dozens of themes to play detective. The "mouse trap", a play on stage created in the United Kingdom played a record 30 years without failure. Detective fiction has a high literary inherited Conan Doyle good layout confusing layout, but also with her medicine research to the point of view of psychology and medicine to solve the case, to none. Text view vivid and fascinating. French President Charles de Gaulle was "Christie novel fans." Agatha Christie has been awarded the British Queen as a member of the British literature. Works have been translated into 103 words, foreign language translations of more than Shakespeare. 80 have been listed as the world's best-selling author of the book first.
Excellent detective fiction
"Beidou reasoning theater suspense fantasy series" starting from "bionic fantasy record" "The Sign of Jonah reality" --- on: truth Joking "terrorist trio series," "Night Magic" "Hunter Notes Series" novel "heavenly eye" Sina Awards
|