Psychology (English name Psychology) is to study the phenomenon of human and animal psychology, development and activities of the law and of a science. Animal psychology to study both the psychological (mental animal research is mainly to deep to understand, predict the occurrence of human psychological development of the law) who also studied psychology, but to the psychological phenomenon as the main object of study. So short, psychology is the study of psychological phenomena and psychological laws.
The term psychology comes from the Greek, meaning science of the soul. Soul in the Greek text, the meaning of gas or breathing, because the ancient people that life is dependent on breathing, respiratory arrest, life is over. With the development of science, psychology, the object of the soul to soul. Until the early 19th century, German philosopher, educator Herbert was the first time is a science of psychology. The original, psychology and education are all belong to the scope of philosophy, and later in their infancy from the philosophy out. Science of psychology is not only to describe the psychological phenomenon, more importantly, explain the psychological phenomena to reveal their occurrence and development of the law.
Psychological origin
Psychology is the product of biological nervous activity, mainly from the psychological origin of Comparative Psychology (study of all biological species neurological and psychological development), developmental psychology (psychology during the development of human individuals) on two fronts. Nervous system produced animals is the psychological origin of the material base and the necessary conditions.
Psychology is the study of human behavior and mental activities of science.
2000 years ago in ancient Greece, Hippocrates identified four personality (choleric temperament, sanguine, thick quality, depression and quality)
Gailun Ti after the ancient Greek temperament out of this concept, instead of character with temperament, the formation of four kinds of temperament and later psychological study, followed this classification.
19th century, psychology and philosophical.
Mid-19th century, introduced experimental psychology research as a way to make psychology as an independent discipline. Germany Weber developed the famous Weber's law (sensation threshold law)
In 1860, Fechner in Germany to create a mental physics, Germany Ebbinghaus create memory in rats.
1879, University of Leipzig, Germany, Wundt established in psychological research, marking the birth of scientific psychology. Empirical research methods used in this discipline to become a turning point in science. The subsequent 100 years, psychology martial strife and a high degree of development, further improve the disciplinary system.
Psychology, social science or natural science, is the angle and position, because it itself has characteristics of both. Natural areas classified as basic psychology, applied psychology, social science areas classified, therefore, it was called the "middle Discipline. "
Psychological origin, especially human high-level psychological processes, such as thinking, language, emotion, will produce high-level psychological characteristics, is the neural basis of process and product of human society, so we can not be purely biological point of view to study the propositions .
The historical roots of psychology
First, the historical roots of psychology: the material reflects the characteristics of the product of long-term development
Reflect the characteristics of the boost was seen only in its existence, no stimulation, reflecting the characteristics of them will be hidden, not shown. Psychology also has such common. Only when stimulated, will demonstrate psychological phenomena, showing the existence of psychology. Without stimulation, psychological disappears. Mental stimulation is based on the creation, existence and development. Mental stimulation is made of material on the highly organized to reflect the material
Psychology logo
Second, a sign of psychology: feelings
The logical level, the psychological phenomena, including sensation, perception, image, memory, thought, imagination, emotion and will, etc., in the end is a psychological phenomenon that marks the birth of psychology? The psychology of sign that? What kind of psychological phenomenon is a declaration of psychology in?
A phenomenon must have its essence, a psychological phenomenon, there will be psychology. In all psychological phenomena to which is the first to produce and fundamental psychological phenomenon, and can launch the development of other psychological phenomena reasonable? Clearly felt. Only the sense of producing the first and can develop other psychological phenomena, should be a sign of psychological birth. This inference from three aspects: (1) feeling is the basis for all other psychological phenomena, did not feel there would be no all the other psychological phenomenon. Feeling was born, the other psychological phenomena on the basis of developed sense, the feeling is the source of all other psychological phenomena and the "germ" and other psychological phenomena is based on the development in the sense, grow and mature together. Feeling that the building other psychological phenomena, "the foundation", and other mental phenomena are built on the basis of feeling. (2) individual psychology that: newly born babies only unconditional reflex, just a simple feeling, and perception and representation, etc. have not yet developed, but we can not deny that there is no psychological baby. So we actually recognized in the subconscious feeling of infants only have a psychological! With the birth of psychological feeling of birth once and will have a psychological sense. With the feeling alone, it marks the birth of psychology, all other psychological phenomena are to feel the "germ" developed, is the germ at different stages of growth. As the baby's development, have gradually developed their mental and psychological phenomena become increasingly complex. (3) animal evolutionary history also shows that the feeling is a sign of psychology and the "germ." Feeling is that when _select_ed? That feeling in the evolutionary history of animals is that animals began to appear in it? History of animal evolution. The beginning of psychological phenomena is coelenterate animals. Coelenterate nervous system with the network to a simple sensory stimulus to reflect on the outside, coelenterate the lowest level with the most simple psychological phenomenon, namely with mental, psychological birth of the coelenterate body, with the animals after evolution and development, psychological development is also gradual, rich, gradually emerged in perception, image, imagination and thinking so. Evolutionary psychology evolutionary history is the history of animal attachments, and with the evolution and the evolution of animals. Psychology is also a feeling from the only animal with the biological evolution and developed, based on the psychological sense as in biological evolution and the complex together, there is a mirror and think, etc., until the emergence of consciousness and thinking and other senior psychological phenomenon.
The classification of psychology
The development of modern psychology, in theory, has formed a basic, as a science independent system. In the application of community practice in the field with established extensive contacts, to form the many branches, reflecting the independence of the scientific systems of classification.
General Psychology
In the context of general psychology, psychological activities in accordance with the basic processes and individual psychological characteristics, can be divided into sensory (vision, hearing, touch perception, motion perception, smell and taste) psychology, perception psychology, memory, psychology, attention to psychology, thinking, psychology, speech psychology, emotion psychology, motivation psychology, smart psychology, temperament psychology, personality psychology and other branches of basic subjects.
Physiological psychology
Physiological psychology from the physiological and neurological physiology, neuroanatomy, biochemistry and other aspects of nerve on the basis of psychological and physiological mechanism of the discipline, basic research is an important psychological component. Physiological psychology in the modern brain science research methods and modern technology, based on a variety of psychological phenomena reveal the anatomy of the brain and brain function of law occur. Physiological psychology, including neuropsychology, biological psychology, animal psychology and other branches.
Social Psychology
Social psychology is to study the individual in a particular society, community conditions, mental, motivation, interpersonal relationships and the law of the development of disciplines. Focuses on the social psychology of the individual conditions and rules of society, the individual's social motivation and attitude formation, interpersonal relations and group formation and psychological aspects of the general law. Social psychology including the national psychology, family psychology and other branches.
Abnormal psychology
It is the study of human psychology and behavior abnormalities, including cognitive activity, emotional activity, motivation and will conduct activities such as intelligence and personality characteristics of the abnormal performance. Therefore, it can be said, is to study and reveal abnormal psychology abnormal psychology De Fa Sheng, development and change Guilv of a science.
Evaluation of abnormal psychological phenomena, it generally takes from three study areas: ① From the statistical aspects of study. Normal curve in the two extreme groups of individuals are abnormal. ② from the personal life history study. Often the individual's current mental activity to be compared with the past to see if the change is different from ordinary. ③ study of social adaptation. Social adjustment according to individual level of defects, analysis of whether they are abnormal. In addition, in assessing whether the abnormal mental phenomena, can not be ignored social and cultural background reference information.
The correction of the abnormal psychology, can be divided into psychological and physical treatment of two categories. Psychological treatments such as verbal and non-verbal psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, suggestion therapy, behavior therapy. Physical therapy, mental therapy, physical therapy, psychological and physical therapy and surgical treatment. In addition, a number of comprehensive therapy can also be achieved remarkable results. Prevention is the abnormal psychology is an important issue. Because the causes abnormal psychology is very complex, requiring all aspects of comprehensive preventive measures to be effective.
Abnormal psychology is to study the patient's abnormal mental or pathological behavior of the branch of medical psychology, also known as pathological psychology. It uses psychological principles and methods of psychological or pathological behavior of abnormal manifestations, causes and mechanisms of development of the law, the methods of identification and assessment of treatment and prevention measures.
Developmental Psychology
Educational Psychology
Educational psychology is to study the process of school education and teaching students the mental activities of the subjects. It mainly involves branches of knowledge and skills to master the psychological activities of the characteristics and laws of intellectual development and intelligence measurement investigation methods, psychological factors affect the teaching process, moral character and habits of the formation of laws, as well as families, schools, organizations social ideology of the students. Educational psychology involves a wide range, which may include educational psychology, learning psychology, mental discipline, mental retardation and compensation, intellectual and psychological measurement and teachers branch.
The psychology of work
Labor psychology in the labor required in the process of mental ability and psychological quality of operating procedures, operating conditions and operator of the psychological characteristics of adaptation problem. The psychology of work may include engineering and industrial psychology psychology. Psychology major research project in production is highly mechanized and automated conditions in human and machine interaction. Producer of industrial psychology to rationalize the _select_ion and operation issues.
Literary Psychology
Sports Psychology
Sport psychology and sports competitions involving psychological characteristics. Sports in general, the researchers involved in various sports anatomical characteristics of the musculoskeletal system and organ sensitivity and sensitivity as well as the activities of consciousness dominated by the ability to study the formation of motor skills and techniques of general laws. In sporting events, under the conditions of competition should have the emotional characteristics, will, and personality characteristics, motivation level of competition, emotional state of the occurrence of motor skills. In the athlete _select_ion, the _select_ion and measurement methods of psychological development are also important areas of research.
Aerospace Psychology
Organizational Management Psychology
Clinical or medical psychology
Psychological abnormalities may be genetic and caused by social maladjustment. Clinical psychology is to study the causes of psychological abnormality, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the subject, and to separate the psychological from the face of social and psychological counseling and medical services, specialized undertaking. Clinical psychology, including serious psychological metamorphosis both diseases (such as schizophrenia); also includes mild psychological factors alone caused by a nerve disease (such as the nervous anxiety) or depression, psychological factors also include the body of disease (such as high blood pressure). The latter referred to as psychosomatic medicine; and from the perspective of the treatment, research etiology, diagnosis and prevention, the formation of a new health psychology.
Study of psychological abnormality, not only have an important role in medical practice, but also from abnormal and normal comparison, help to reveal the psychological mechanisms. Therefore, from an academic point of view and perspective of the causes of psychological abnormality, mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of research, known as abnormal psychology.
Justice and Criminal Psychology
Psychology is the study of judicial violations and to deal with violations of the psychological problems of the subjects. It involves crime, detection, trial, and the process of rehabilitation of offenders, etc., on the causes of crime, interrogation techniques, the transformation of research. Surveillance and interrogation personnel should possess the psychological and mental skills are also part of the study.
Criminal psychology and forensic psychology overlap, the former focuses on the psychological causes of criminal behavior. In particular, the psychological characteristics of young offenders, mental motivation, personality and emotional characteristics of individuals, is an important aspect of the study. The offender's personal background, family, school, community factors that cause crime and other aspects of research should be conducted.
Psychology in the objective tool
Third, the objective psychology tool: the nervous system
Psychology is not unique to the human brain. For example: decapitated planarians can regenerate; Frog and Toad are still conditioned hemispheric resection; still instinctively dove to remove the brain of non-conditioned reflex, can still walk and fly. Missing in the brain, these animals still showed psychological phenomenon. Therefore, the brain is not a necessary condition for mental existence.
History shows that animal evolution: evolutionary psychology is to coelenterate animals arising at this time the animals had the most primitive nervous system nervous system ---- mesh. In the chain of evolution, before the advent of the nervous system is not psychological phenomena, mental and nervous system is also generated. Then gradually as the complexity of the nervous system, psychological phenomena every step of the enrichment. Appearance as a psychological one, their actions are increasingly complex. No matter what stage of the animal, if its all out or damage the nervous system, psychology will disappear. And if the damage to certain parts of the nervous system, its bound to a number of abnormal psychology.
Caused by mental stimulation is caused by electrical pulses to stimulate the nervous system, the spread of the biological current spread in the nervous system caused arising, is to stimulate the cell membrane induced currents in the nervous system caused by conduction of. Is the role of the nervous system to stimulate the production of the next. Therefore, the nervous system is a tool for psychology.
Psychology mechanism
4, Psychology mechanisms: changes in nerve cell membrane potential
Generated from a single starting point for psychological point of view, first of all stimulate the nerve cells causing psychological, this is how a single stimulus caused by psychological? Existence of nerve cell membrane polarization, gathered inside the cell membrane negative charge, positive charge accumulation outside the cell membrane, the membrane is equivalent to the existence of a plate on both sides of the membrane inside the equivalent of negative plates, membrane lateral equivalent of positive plate, This is equivalent to the existence of a membrane electric field, without any stimulation in the cell membrane, the membrane is relatively static and there on both sides of resting potential, once the film by a certain intensity of stimulation, resting potential becomes action potential, membrane again on both sides of the charged particles combined to form a positive charge and membrane accumulation gathered outside the negatively charged membrane electric field, when the stimulus disappears, the cell membrane has been adjusted, they were not stimulated to return to the state, gathered at this time membrane gathered outside the membrane negative charge positive charge, so that both sides of the membrane electric field changes direction on the two cases, that field has undergone major changes, changes in the electric field creates a magnetic field, this time formed the electromagnetic field, which is equivalent to electromagnetic shocks. The result of this change is to stimulate Department reinstated the original state of the cell membrane, thus stimulating the cell to exert all the energy transfer out. The energy is how to pass it? The stimulation in the membrane caused membrane potential changes, resulting in an excitement, causing close to not being stimulated membrane potential also changed the formation of new excitement, the specific process is: the electric field and the nearby excitement of not excitement potential difference between the electric field, charged particles will move to the Department of neighborhood is not excited excitement, change the direction of electric field, where the potential from the resting potential to become action potential, resulting in a positively charged membrane outer membrane gather together negative charge of the electric field, and are not excited when the electric field in the opposite direction, the original excitement of the energy transfer to the Department of the Ministry is not excited, so excited are not excited about the Department, conduct a magnetic shock, resulting in the electromagnetic field. Similarly, the excitement of this new department in turn down an electromagnetic field is not excited about the Department of Communication, the mechanism is the membrane on both sides of the flow of charged particles, but, if we compare the far distance over the excitement that has been excited, then realized that it the exchange of two particles has not been the same only two have gone through a field of continuous change and generate the electromagnetic field, which is what caused it? The root causes, which is actually caused by electromagnetic fields to stimulate the spread of the film for. Nerve cell membrane to stimulate the "code" into a certain frequency and intensity of the electromagnetic field propagation along the nerve fibers, causing a person's feelings, resulting in psychological, electromagnetic activity in the nervous system is the mental activity, electromagnetic field conduction in the nervous system and phenomenon is caused by processing of psychological phenomena (electromagnetic field through the muscle cells to nerve traction performance of the body changes, so we can examine the change of posture suggested psychological changes). Psychology is the electromagnetic field, electromagnetic field in the nervous system is the orderly expansion of mental activity and exercise.
Electromagnetic field of human senses can not perceive directly, see, touch or smell, which is caused by the limitations of the human senses, and mental stimulation can produce only, Guer people feel a mysterious touch test, psychological hardly be Not surprisingly, the understanding of a master, however, people's psychological response to a stimulus as a human product, in human life occupies an important position played a very extensive role, because of human ignorance of him, on his The significant role and can not control, but mankind must make a plausible psychological explanation of the phenomenon, it took him a mystery, resulting in various scenarios.
Plants and lower animals without nervous systems, electromagnetic fields generated by the membrane can not achieve long-distance communication in the cell membrane, but can not achieve directional communication, film electromagnetic fields generated by the stimulation of only a small area close diffusion, the electromagnetic field can not be achieved standardized and orderly dissemination, Guer this electromagnetic field is not psychological. Only the directional transmission in the nervous system and constraints, electromagnetic fields generated in the film is psychological. From the nervous system, psychological and there will not produce.
In short, the psychological nature of the nervous system to stimulate the formation of orderly change under the action of electromagnetic fields.
Psychological phenomena and the unity of mental processes
5, psychological phenomena and the unity of mental processes (feeling of psychological establishment)
Feeling is that some characteristics of stimulus into the nervous system of the "channel", which to stimulate the "code" into different frequency and intensity of the electromagnetic field in the nervous system "tour" of the body caused by corresponding changes in (including the behavior and language). The feeling is very limited, the species, only five senses, humans lack the pigeons possess magnetic sense. I can feel the increase could only feel a certain range of stimulus intensity, too low to stimulate are not directly caused by our feelings, humans have no sense of smell of dogs (there must be one that we feel the world).
By sensory perception is to the "gathering up" of several material properties were reflected together, the physical appearance is the overall understanding of the past to the present summary, the imagination is the basis of representation in the past, the possible morphology of the material forecast. In the four-dimensional space and time, to imagine the formation stage of understanding of the material of the visualization. This thinking is the figurative thinking, abstract thinking is characteristic of things of abstract thought. Thinking is characteristic of things "processing." This shows that the feeling is that the building of other psychological phenomena, "the foundation", and other mental phenomena are built on the basis of feeling.
Memory is a thing of the characteristics of the "input" of the brain process; input content either by creating a link with other existing content, to take root and the performance of "long memory", but no less than fixing the root to the memory, but also according to their can recall the length of time is divided into short-term memory and temporary memory.
Ability is the result of psychological function in the behavior of the reflection behavior of the purpose to achieve the desired results showed that the high capacity, strong mental function, otherwise, it indicates that the low capacity and psychological weak.
Intelligence is the outcome of the psychological functions of thinking reflects the outcome of thinking produces a higher high on that intelligence. On the contrary, it indicates that low.
Temperament is the psychological state of the human body to reflect on. Good mental state to make good temperament, a different appearance for different psychological temperament.
Demand for bio-own continuous development and improvement in psychological reflection. Animals always tend to preserve and improve the self, the reality can not be immediately available once the self-preservation and improvement of the conditions, psychological conditions will arise to meet this demand, the demand so created. Generate demand for self-survival and development of biological needs.
Guide behavior is the psychological motivation to achieve. Demand is the motivation generated by the premise.
Emotional awareness and prior knowledge of the new psychological phenomenon collision, when the new cognitive and conflicts and as there are conflicts between the Knowledge, can cause negative psychological Qing Xu (by endocrine Xitong?), With the intensity of Da Xiao, Qing Xu's corresponding change in intensity, and vice versa cause positive emotions.
Emotion is emotion recognition in a matter of condensation on. A feeling that things will take the initiative to think of the things good or bad, fast skip the process of conflict arising from a fixed sentiment. This is another higher level can be adjusted by changing the mood or cognition and emotion.
Learning is active, systematic and specialized memory processes.
Character refers to the psychological stability of the bias. Intuitive in the attitude shown by the time.
Psychological characteristics of personality is shown in the social relations of a stable tendency. Compared with the character, personality focused on the person's knowledge systems and thus determine the values and character are focused on the psychological characteristics of its own.
The various processes and phenomena of psychology are to _set_ up the basis of sensation, feeling of psychological processes and the logical starting point of mental phenomena are evolved from the feeling. If the feeling as "a baby", is the mental process and mental phenomena of various types of "adult", the feeling is psychological, "germ." Therefore, all the psychological processes and phenomena can be reasonably explained from the feeling of starting, so psychology is based on a unified feel. The essence of psychological feeling great unification of psychology.
Complex causes of mental phenomena
6, the complex causes of mental phenomena
(A), not directly perceptual psychology. Psychology as a Field, limited human five senses is not directly perceived. Only aware of its common ---- the largest objective reality, while others can not direct the specific nature of the grasp.
(C), the nervous system of the powerful self-organization. Rely on the psychological functioning of the nervous system, the nervous system and can keep their own construction and improvement of mental function to play better and more powerful, and to more complex psychological phenomenon. This is actually the relationship between function and structure of a microcosm. Commonly used hand to hand of the structure and development of more engaged in regular activity engaged in heavy physical labor all year round, their hands are more lenient and cocooning; always running, his legs are developed. These are examples of functions for structural development, the structure has grown to play it can function better.
Also showed that brain science: people often engage in certain activities, regulating the activities of the more developed parts of the brain often; the few people who engage in certain activities, regulating the activities of parts of the brain tend to shrink, even disappear in people's growing!
Memory psychology that: long-term memory is to change the direction of nerve prominent and axons, the size of even the connection. Temporary and short-term memory is the obvious change in nerve cells.
Psychology had a role to play through the nervous system, but also play a role in the nervous system, "change" more conducive to psychological role to play. This interaction, mutual improvement and promotion of the situation so that more complex psychological phenomenon, as the chicken egg thing as confusing and difficult to distinguish.
Stimulation is also a role, the role of a force, the role of nature can be attributed to all four types of loads. Different intensity and types of stimulation can promote the development of the nervous system, also make up a powerful psychological. Thus, children in contact with more stimulation is more intelligent.
(D), the complex interaction of the five senses. Caused by the five senses how such a complex psychological phenomenon. This is because the seemingly complex nature of things the original is pure and simple, but complicated in the development process. There are many things that the law of development, will be able to transform complex calculations and computer graphics, is based on a simple binary basis; "million through the first," the I Ching, which produces only two lines of Yin and Yang Yao those interactions; nature 10 million kinds of organisms are five base pairs of genetic material of a different order to connect and match. Vision, pain, touch, taste and hearing can make psychological complex, dazzling.
Psychology Schools Unity
7, the unity of psychology schools
Psychology Schools generally are: behavior psychology, psychoanalysis, psychology, existential psychology, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology, functional psychology, structural psychology. These schools focus on the exploration of psychological nature, is part of the basic theory. The following analysis of these schools one by one, these schools are focused on the real psychological phenomenon, process or function of a link, and suddenly drop caused by other sectors, is one-sided, partial, or part of the study, no overall, comprehensive or the nature of the study.
Behavioral psychology focus on the mental addition of a performance (behavior) were studied. Mental through the nervous system to produce disposable muscle contraction and relaxation movements, resulting in behavior. This psychological approach is the role of mental functioning and apparently the main channel. Psychological functioning the way there are many channels, such as: speech, written language and gaze. In fact, the mental through the nervous system is reflected in the overall phenomenon is outside the body, the behavior is developed from the body into a branch, the branch is priority and prominence, so that cover the entire body. Body like the other branches of the stars, while the behavior is like the sun, cover up acts of other branches of the light, there is often significant and prominent part from start to study, so the behavior was prominent in the psychology out. Even to study the behavior instead of psychological research, the psychology, behavioral science orientation for the study, which is the disproportionation and the expansion of research. Behavioral psychology is only an external phenomenon of psychological research, psychological performance of a whole body, posture and other forms ---- discourse, written language and eye contact, etc. In recent years, language is a proof of the rise of psychology .
Psychoanalytic Psychology focuses on the direction of the unconscious functions of the inquiry, precisely, is suppressed in the subconscious awareness of the damage. The psychology was very little involved in other aspects. In fact, the boundaries of the unconscious and consciousness is not as obvious Floyd said. Such as landscape edges look bike, cycling behavior of control can change at any time under the circumstances out of the subconscious. Consciousness is essentially unconscious, the contents of consciousness when attention is not on the pressure into the subconscious, into the contents of the unconscious. Most people act is subject to subconscious Kong Zhi, and conscious control of behavior by only a small proportion of this will help a person while engaged in a number of campaigns, the speech and even more profound for human adaptation to natural, human heart, respiratory and blink, and other basic physiological activities are controlled by the subconscious, which will help reduce the sense of pressure. Person who at the same time recognize and control these activities, people will be exhausted by these activities, but regardless of the survival and development. The campaign was suppressed in the subconscious if abnormal, will return to the awareness level, re-regulation to be proactive sense.
Humanistic Psychology from everyone has the existence and development needs, that everyone must develop and perfect themselves, have a good direction to the psychological. Is the normal and reasonable person needs to reflect. The psychology of man as a whole, and focused on the realization of human development needs of the process, that aims to explore the psychological process of human self-realization. The psychology major point is that everyone has the pursuit of the meaning of life and the potential to create a better life, which is in fact a reflection of people's development needs. In short, humanistic psychology is the focus of people's survival and development needs of the psychology, but this is only a small aspect of psychology.
There's a whole psychology is starting from independent personal psychology of the relationship with the world, emphasizing the independence of individual psychology to explore the overall experience of independent personal existence. The emphasis of individual psychology is the psychological nature of the world's environment as a whole were studied.
The main focus of cognitive psychology who studies cognitive process, that of how people acquire knowledge is the process of acquiring knowledge of human psychology, emotional, ability and personality and other psychological phenomena of smaller, more regardless of the will, motivation and demand and so on.
Structuralism focuses on using experimental methods of psychology, the structure of consciousness, which is affected by the physical structure of the results. As the psychological high flow variability, complexity and a high degree of self-organization, to use a simple test to accurately sense the structure of the existing scientific level is impossible. However, the full psychology of "brick" role, lead to the broader and more profound psychological study raises a number of psychology "jade pieces."
Functional psychology as the opposite of structural psychology emerged, focusing on the individual to adapt to the environment arising from the psychological function. With the decline of structuralism, the school also go away
Psychology: a study of human psychological phenomenon, the process of development and change, and on this basis, people's mental activities will be a science.
Brief summary:
1, the nervous system is the psychological origin of the material production base and the necessary conditions. (Not brain)
2, psychology is reflected in the physical stimulus to highly organized substances. (Another psychological prerequisites)
3, symbol of psychology is feeling. (Mental quality of the external signs)
4, the psychological nature of the nervous system to stimulate the formation of orderly change under the action of electromagnetic fields. (Mental biophysical analysis)
5, the complexity of mental phenomena from the complexity of the nervous system.
6, complex psychological phenomenon of unity in feeling (and its systematic and organized.)
7, the schools of philosophy can not be separated from the nervous system and sensory.
Psychological effects of color
Psychologist Luescher color test (M. Lusher) of the relationship between color and personality
Color:
1. Red 2. Blue 3. Yellow 4. Green 5. Tan 6. Purple 7. Gray 8. Black
Character orientation:
1. Red representative of conquest and masculinity color. Like the red are for the most ambitious, will actively seek the things you want to get is action-oriented people. Work is also enthusiastic, but too excited to be back on when the people around offensive, red represents the passion and glory, red never give ethos.
2. Blue symbolizes the sea is calm and the representative color of femininity. Like the blue in very calm and stable character of people, but honestly, attaches great importance to the relationship of trust between people can take care of the people around, with people very polite, blue for broad mind, with not giving up spirit. harmonious world.
3. On behalf of lively yellow, bright and warm colors. Character of people like the bright yellow outgoing, and has a lofty ideal. They want to show your personality, but sometimes things will be some reluctance on behalf of the traditional yellow flavor.
4. Green on behalf of self-confidence, stability and sense of superiority of color. People who like green more stable, is very strong type of endurance. Great attention to the harmony with the surrounding environment, but it is necessary when carrying out their own ideas, and can be expressed in a calm manner. Green represents health, nature, harmony between man and nature.
5. Brown on behalf of family, home, warm colors of the environment and security. Moderate generous people like brown, is the type of coordination. They are very good at dealing with human relations, in general, when there is trouble to find this type of people can talk, Brown also represents a unique culture, tea ceremony.
6. Purple color is representative of sensual, mysterious, erotic things. Like the purple people are very romantic, is a rich sensitivity to the type of fine character, full of personality. Will show in some narcissistic features. Purple more representative of a special idealism.
7. Gray represent the quiet, elegant, lonely color. Most people like the gray self-centered, others are not interested. Sometimes appear weak, dependence on others. Gray represents the decadence of old, a symbol of a kind to the old into new and special meaning.
8. Cut off the black represents the idea, yield, refused to give up color. Like black people more independent, has a strong desire to change the status quo. They are very hard to improve themselves, but sometimes not always sexual. Black on behalf of the mysterious, omnipotent power!.
Psychology of domestic well-known websites
Comparing the current known number of domestic Psychology Web site:
China Psychology: www.psychcn.com counseling training to the main site is a relatively old psychology.
8 hours outside psychology: www.psytopic.com looks like a Psychology website, a magazine popular good.
Game Kijiji: www.psygi.com psychology papers and entertaining, for fans of non-psychologists.
Psychological General Search: www.psysoper.com gathered some of the psychological study of foreign and domestic talent of some people who came Psychology
Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal: http://psychology.zjnu.net.cn/, is the earlier creation of the Department of Psychology of school psychology site is old.
Fuzhou University, Department of Applied Psychology http://www.jyxxy.cn, Fujian Province _set_ up the first 211 universities of Applied Psychology
Counseling: www.xlzx.com psychological counseling-based site, have their own forum, now doing well.
Psychological Consultation Center, Guangzhou Wei Zhihua http://www.wzz.com.cn
Some psychological-related Courses
First, unity of physical and mental health working visit series:
A, "leisurely" soul SPA ---- tension and anxiety stress management;
B, Square ---- meditation health meditation with modern psychology, the traditional combination of physical and mental health and happiness of the Act;
C, happiness workshops ---- sleep insomnia natural treatment;
D, "wonderful sounds," Health Corner ---- pronunciation through simple self-conditioning or music to help their own emotions, peace mind, healthy mind and body;
E, analysis of the script of life ---- to explore the pattern inherent in your new understanding of themselves, and the subconscious level of demand and desire;
F, sensory recovery ---- sincere face their feelings about their loss of sensation or numbness of the cause and solution to restore all sensory perception, and enjoy them much more happiness in life;
G, life figures (color, environment, time) to understand life and energy ---- the password, the password using the number of energy self-reconciling their own energy system, then the energy of their powerful, transforming the energy around to protect themselves.
Second, hypnosis series:
1, International Hypnosis Certificate Course
2, International Hypnotherapist Certificate
3, integration of physical and mental pleasure trip decompression ----
4, hypnotic charm of beauty ---- Life Journey
Third, Enneagram Studies series:
1, the basis of class Enneagram
2, Advanced Course Enneagram
3, selling Enneagram Workshop
4 Enneagram Management Workshop
5 Enneagram workshop relationships
4, Business Series:
1, peak sales of Psychology
2, marketing channels Tactical Training Camp
3, excellent communication ability
4, excellent leadership ability
5, the miracle of life series:
1, Life Wisdom meditation tour dancers ----
2, psychosomatic unity of spirit energy ---- One Journey
3, the miracle of life journey
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