zhàn zhēng shì zhèng zhì jí tuán zhī jiān、
mín zú (
bù luò )
zhī jiān、
guó jiā zhī jiān de máo dùn zuì gāo de dǒu zhēng biǎo xiàn xíng shì，
shì jiě jué jiū fēn de yī zhǒng zuì gāo、
zuì bào lì de shǒu duàn，
tōng cháng yě shì zuì kuài jié zuì yòu xiào guǒ de jiě jué bàn fǎ。
yě kě yǐ jiě shì wéi shǐ yòng bào lì shǒu duàn duì zhì xù de pò huài yǔ wéi hù、
bēng kuì yǔ chóngjiàn。
gǔ jīn zhōng wài de zhàn zhēng，
gài mò néng wài。
rén lèi chū xiàn yǐ lái，
jiù yī zhí méi yòu tíng zhǐ guò；
zhàn zhēng bàn suí shè huì de gé mìng，
dài lái xīn de gé jú。
gǔ dài gè gè bù luò zhī jiān de zhàn zhēng，
cù jìn liǎo mín zú de róng hé hé guó jiā de xíng chéng，
yě shì mín zú dà qiān xǐ zhí jiē yuán yīn；
guó jiā nèi bù bù tóng mín zú zhī jiān de zhàn zhēng，
cù chéng mín zú de dú lì hé xīn shēng guó jiā de dàn shēng；
guó jiā nèi bù zhèng zhì jí tuán zhī jiān de zhàn zhēng，
cù chéng zhèng quán de gēngdié，
rú guó gòng nèi zhàn。
zhàn zhēng yǔ wǔ zhuāng chōng tū xiāng bǐ，
duì kàng xíng shì，
zhàn zhēng biǎo xiàn wéi，
yī shì cán kù xìng，
shuāng fāng yǐ yī qiē kě yòng de bào lì shǒu duàn gōng jī lìng wài yī fāng；
èr shì huǐ miè xìng，
duì kàng de shí hòu yǐ yī fāng xiāo miè lìng wài yī fāng wéi dài jià；
sān shì mùdì xìng，
zhí zhì duì fāng qū fú、
dá dào mùdì；
sì shì chí jiǔ xìng，
cháng guī zhàn zhēng chí xù shí jiān cháng dá jǐ nián huò zhě shù shí nián，
xiàn dài de gāo kē jì zhàn zhēng chí xù shù yuè dào jǐ nián。
rèn hé zhàn zhēng dū jīng guò liǎo cèhuà hé zhǔn bèi。
yǔ zhàn zhēng xiāng guān de shù yǔ wéi zhàn qū，
zhàn chē，
zhàn dǒu，
zhàn shù，
zhàn yì，
zhàn chǎng，
zhàn fú，
zhàn lüè ,
zhàn shù zhēn chá，
zhàn zhēng zhuàng tài，
zhàn zhēng péi cháng，
zhàn zhēng zuì xíng。
cān jiàn
hé píng -
zhèng yì -
shè huì gé mìng
jūn shì -
jūn shì jiā
zhàn zhēng -
zhàn yì -
zhàn dǒu
lěng zhàn -
jūn bèi jìng sài
nèi zhàn
jūn shì duì kàng -
wǔ zhuāng chōng tū
wǔ qì -
bīng qì
zhōng guó zhàn zhēng shǐ
dǒu zhēng jìng zhēng
shì jiè zhàn zhēng liè biǎo
zhàn zhēng de xìng zhì
shì dí duì shuāng fāng wèile dá dào yī dìng de zhèng zhì、
jīng jì mùdì '
ér jìn xíng de wǔ zhuāng dǒu zhēng。
jiē jí shè huì de zhàn zhēng，
shì yòng yǐ jiě jué jiē jí hé jiē jí、
mín zú hé mín zú、
guó jiā hé guó jiā、
zhèng zhì jí tuán hé zhèng zhì jí tuán zhī jiān máo dùn de zuì gāo de dǒu zhēng xíng shì。
tā shì zhèng zhì tōng guò bào lì shǒu duàn de jì xù，
shì liúxiě de zhèng zhì。
dà jiā
kě wàng hé píng
zhàn zhēng de qǐ yuán
zhàn zhēng shì zài yuán shǐ shè huì hòu qī chū xiàn de。
jù kǎo gǔ zī liào zhèng míng，
zuì zǎo de zhàn zhēng chū xiàn zài zhōng shí qì shí dài de chū qī。
zhè shuō míng，
rén lèi cóng yuán shǐ rén qún dào xiàn zài，
zài dà yuē '
èr sān bǎi wàn nián de lì shǐ cháng hé zhōng，
yòu zhàn zhēng de lì shǐ hái bù dào yī wàn nián (
lìng yī shuō fǎ nián shù shàng wàn )。
yuán shǐ shè huì de zhàn zhēng shì yóu shì zú bù luò zhī jiān huò bù luò lián méng zhī jiān，
wèile zhēng duó lài yǐ shēng cún de tǔ dì、
hé liú、
shān lín děng tiān rán cái fù，
shèn zhì wèile qiǎng hūn、
xuè zú fù chóu '
ér fā shēng chōng tū，
jìn '
ér yǎn biàn chéng yuán shǐ zhuàng tài de zhàn zhēng。
zhè zhǒng zhàn zhēng，
tóng jiē jí shè huì de zhàn zhēng yòu zhe běn zhì de qū bié。
tā bù jù yòu zhèng zhì mù de hé jiē jí yā pò、
nú yì de xìng zhì，
zhàn zhēng zhōng de fú lǔ，
bù shì shā diào，
jiù shì chī diào。
hòu lái，
suí zhe shēng chǎn lì hé xùmù yè de fā zhǎn，
fù quán zhì qǔ dài mǔ quán zhì，
nóng yè、
shǒu gōng yè、
shāng pǐn shēng chǎn yòu liǎo fā zhǎn，
shēng chǎn wù pǐn yòu liǎo shèng yú，
yòu liǎo sī yòu cái chǎn，
chū xiàn liǎo zhù rén hé nú lì，
méng yá liǎo sī yòu zhì、
jiē jí，
shǐ “ gǔ dài bù luò duì bù luò de zhàn zhēng，
yǐ jīng kāi shǐ tuì biàn wéi zài lù shàng hé hǎi shàng lüè duó jiā chù、
nú lì hé cái bǎo '
ér bù duàn jìn xíng de qiǎng jié，
biàn wéi yī zhǒng zhèng cháng de yíng shēng ”。（《
kǎ '
ěr ·
mǎ kè sī '
ēn gé sī jūn shì wén jí》
dì '
èr juàn dì 413
yè )
rì yì pín fán de zhàn zhēng，
qū shǐ yuán shǐ gōng shè zhì jiě tǐ，
rén lèi jìn rù liǎo nú lì shè huì。
cóng cǐ yǐ hòu，
zhàn zhēng biàn chéng liǎo zhèng zhì de gōng jù、
jiē jí dǒu zhēng de zuì gāo shǒu duàn。
sī yòu zhì、
jiē jí yā pò hé jīng jì lì yì de chōng tū，
chéng wéi fā shēng zhàn zhēng de jī běn gēn yuán。
lüè duó hé fǎn lüè duó、
yā pò hé fǎn yā pò、
qīn lüè hé fǎn qīn lüè、
zhēng bà hé fǎn zhēng bà、
kuò zhāng hé fǎn kuò zhāng de zhàn zhēng，
biàn chéng wéi jiē jí shè huì de tè shū de、
bì rán de xiàn xiàng。
dào 20
shì jì 80
nián dài，
zài yòu wén zì jìzǎi de 3500
duō nián de shí jiān lǐ，
shì jiè shàng gòng fā shēng guò 14531
cì zhàn zhēng。
dì guó zhù yì、
bà quán zhù yì shì xiàn dài zhàn zhēng de gēn yuán。
zài dāng jīn hé wèi lái，
yǐn fā zhàn zhēng de yīn sù shì duō zhǒng duō yàng de，
qí zhōng zhù yào de yòu zhēng duó shì lì fàn wéi、
lǐng tǔ zhēng duān、
biān jiè jiū fēn、
lüè duó zhàn lüè zī yuán、
zhēng duó shì chǎng、
yì shí xíng tài dǒu zhēng、
zōng jiào máo dùn、
mín zú máo dùn děng děng，
zhè xiē yīn sù shì xiàn dài zhàn zhēng de zhí jiē dòng yīn。
zhàn zhēng de fēn lèi
zhàn zhēng fēn wéi zhèng yì zhàn zhēng hé fēi zhèng yì zhàn zhēng，
zhè shì yóu jìn xíng zhàn zhēng de zhèng zhì mùdì jué dìng de。
zhèng yì zhàn zhēng bāo kuò：
nú lì nóng mín qǐ yì、
nóng mín gé mìng zhàn zhēng、
jiē jí jiě fàng zhàn zhēng、
mín zú jiě fàng zhàn zhēng、
fǎn qīn lüè zhàn zhēng、
zì wèi zhàn zhēng děng děng。
zhèng yì zhàn zhēng shì wèirénmín lì yì '
ér zhàn de，
duì shè huì de fā zhǎn qǐ zhe jù dà de tuī dòng zuò yòng，
shì lì shǐ fā zhǎn de huǒ chē tóu。
yǔ cǐ xiāng fǎn，
fēi zhèng yì zhàn zhēng bāo kuò：
zhēng bà zhàn zhēng、
fǎn gé mìng zhàn zhēng、
zhí mín zhàn zhēng、
dì guó zhù yì zhàn zhēng、
qīn lüè zhàn zhēng děng děng，
shì wéi wéi hù bō xuē jiē jí de lì yì hé fǎn dòng jiē jí de zhèng zhì fú wù de，
wéi bèi liǎo rén mín de gēn běn lì yì hé shè huì de fā zhǎn fāng xiàng，
shì bǎ rén mín tuī xiàng zāinàn de zhàn zhēng。
rú rì běn fā dòng de qīn huá zhàn zhēng，
cóng“
jiǔ yī bā shì biàn”
dào rì běn tóu jiàng，
zài cháng dá 14
nián de shí jiān lǐ，
gěi zhōng guó rén mín zào chéng liǎo jù dà de zāinàn，
zhōng guó jūn mín shāng wáng zǒng shù 3500
wàn rén yǐ shàng，
zhōng guó guān fāng cái chǎn sǔn shī hé zhàn zhēng xiāo hào 1000
duō yì měi yuán，
jiànjiē jīng jì sǔn shī 5000
yì měi yuán。
yōng hù zhèng yì zhàn zhēng，
fǎn duì fēi zhèng yì zhàn zhēng，
zhè shì wǒ men duì dài zhàn zhēng de gēn běn tài dù。
jīn hòu de zhàn zhēng，
jiāng yǐ jú bù zhàn zhēng wéi zhù，
dàn shì jiè zhàn zhēng de wēi xiǎn bìng méi yòu xiāo chú。
zhàn zhēng yàng shì réng jiāng yǐ cháng guī zhàn zhēng wéi zhù，
dàn yě bù néng pái chú shǐ yòng hé wǔ qì de kě néng xìng。
zhàn zhēng zǒng de qū shì，
shì zài bù duàn xiàng gāo jì shù huà fāng xiàng fā zhǎn。
suí zhe gāo jì shù bīng qì bù duàn chū xiàn，
jiāng huì chū xiàn xīn de jūn bīng zhǒng，
kě néng chū xiàn yóu“
tiān jūn”
jìn xíng de“
tiān zhàn”
hé yóu“
shēn hǎi zuò zhàn bù duì”
jìn xíng de shēn hǎi huò hǎi dǐ zuò zhàn；“
jī qì rén zhuāng bèi bù duì”，
zhì néng jī qì rén jiāng cān zhàn；
diàn zǐ zhàn、
xìn xī zhàn jiāng dà xiǎn shēn shǒu；
kě jiàn guāng duì kàng、
hóng wài duì kàng jìn xíng jī liè de juézhú。
zhè zhǒng fā zhǎn qū shì，
jiāng huì gǎi biàn chuán tǒng de zhàn zhēng yàng shì yǔ zuò zhàn fāng fǎ；
zhàn zhēng de tū rán xìng、
pò huài xìng、
cán kù xìng、
shā shāng lì hé zhàn zhēng xiāo hào dū jiāng kōng qián zēng dà；
zhàn zhēng duì zōng hé guó lì de yǐ lài zēng dà，
zhàn zhēng bǎo zhàng de rèn wù gèng jiān jù；
zuò zhàn zhǐ huī、
zuò zhàn xié tóng、
tōng xìn bǎo zhàng jiāng gèng jiā fù zá、
jiān jù。
shàng shù zhè yī qiē，
qiáng liè dì yào qiú chuàng zào xīn de zhàn zhēng lǐ lùn、
zhàn lüè zhàn shù。
gāo jì shù zhàn zhēng，
duì rén de jūn shì、
zhèng zhì、
wén huà sù zhì hé kē xué zhī shí、
zhǐ huī cái néng tí chū liǎo gèng gāo de yào qiú。
tōng xiǎo xiàn dài kē xué zhī shí hé jì shù de zhì yǒng shuāng quán de rén，
jiāng shì jià yù gāo jì shù zhàn zhēng shèng lì de jué dìng yīn sù。
shì jiè zhàn zhēng yòu bèi zhì zhǐ de kě néng xìng，
dàn wēi xiǎn bìng méi yòu xiāo chú。
zhǐ yào shì jiè rén mín gòng tóng nǔ lì，
fā zhǎn hé píng lì liàng hé zhì yuē zhàn zhēng de lì liàng，
jiù néng gòu tuī chí huò zhì zhǐ xīn de shì jiè zhàn zhēng。
zhàn zhēng shì bì rán yào xiāo wáng de。
zhǐ yòu quán shì jiè rén mín gòng tóng nǔ lì，
shí xiàn gòng chǎn zhù yì，
cái néng chè dǐ qīng chú zhàn zhēng de gēn yuán，
shǐ zhàn zhēng xiāo wáng，
shǐ rén lèi jìn rù yǒng jiǔ hé píng de tiān táng。
zhōng guó gǔ jí chēng zhàn zhēng wéi zhēng、
zhàn、
zhēng、
fá、
bīng děng。
zhàn guó shí qī de bīng shū《
wú zǐ》
zhōng yǐ yòu“
zhàn zhēng”
yī cí。
lì shǐ shàng duì zhàn zhēng jí qí chǎn shēng gēn yuán yòu gè zhǒng bù tóng guān diǎn。
zì rán zhù yì zhàn zhēng xué zhě rèn wéi，
zhàn zhēng de gēn yuán zài yú zì rán huán jìng hé rén lèi de shēng wù běn xìng，
bìng rèn wéi zhàn zhēng shì zì rán de hé yǒng héng de xiàn xiàng。
zōng jiào zhàn zhēng lùn zhě zé rèn wéi zhàn zhēng shì shàng dì duì rén de chéng fá，
bìng yòng chāo zì rán lì liàng jiě shì zhàn zhēng qǐ yīn。
zhǒng zú zhù yì zhě zé rèn wéi，
zhàn zhēng de qǐ yīn shì yōu liè mín zú zhī jiān chā bié。
jìn xiàn dài dì yuán zhù yì zhèng zhì xué zhě zé rèn wéi zhàn zhēng shì jī yú dì lǐ huán jìng，
jí wéi zhēng duó yī dìng de shēng cún kōng jiān hé zì rán zī yuán yǐn qǐ de。
mǎ '
ěr sà sī zhù yì zhě zé rèn wéi，
rén kǒu guò shèng hé jī '
è shì zhàn zhēng de zhēn zhèng yuán yīn。
lì shǐ wéi wù zhù yì rèn wéi，
zhàn zhēng jì fēi cóng lái jiù yòu，
yě bù shì yǒng héng de，
zhàn zhēng shì shè huì shēng chǎn lì hé shēng chǎn guān xì fā zhǎn dào yī dìng jiē duàn de chǎn wù，
shì zài sī yòu zhì chǎn shēng yǐ hòu，
suí zhe jiē jí hé guó jiā de xíng chéng，
chū xiàn yā pò hé bèi yā pò shí cái chū xiàn de。
lì shǐ shàng yòu gè zhǒng lèi xíng de zhàn zhēng，
bāo kuò qīn lüè zhàn zhēng hé zì wèi zhàn zhēng；
zhèng yì zhàn zhēng hé fēi zhèng yì zhàn zhēng，
yòu chuán tǒng zhàn zhēng hé xiàn dài zhàn zhēng；
jú bù zhàn zhēng hé shì jiè zhàn zhēng děng duō zhǒng lèi xíng。
zhàn zhēng de gēn yuán yòu zhèng zhì、
jīng jì、
shè huì、
wén huà děng duō zhǒng yīn sù。
duì zhàn zhēng zhuàng tài de miáo shù yě yòu duō zhǒng fāng shì，
xiàn dài guó jiā zhù yào cóng fǎ lǜ jiǎo dù duì zhàn zhēng jìn xíng miáo shù。
rèn wéi zhàn zhēng shì jiāo zhàn guó zhī jiān de yī zhǒng tè shū fǎ lǜ guān xì。
zhè zhǒng zhàn zhēng zhuàng tài tōng cháng jīng guò yī dìng de fǎ lǜ chéng xù，
bìng bàn suí zhe yī xì liè de fǎ lǜ hòu guǒ。
zhàn zhēng zhuàng tài shì fǎ lǜ zhuàng tài，
tā wǎng wǎng shì jiāo zhàn shuāng fāng huò yī fāng xuān zhàn，
dàn bǐ cǐ zhī jiān bìng bù yī dìng yòu shí jì de zhàn zhēng chōng tū。
tōng cháng yóu guó jiā zuì gāo quán lì jī guān xuān bù zhàn zhēng zhuàng tài。
jiāo zhàn guó jiā yī dàn jìn rù zhàn zhēng zhuàng tài，
tā men zhī jiān jiù yóu hé píng guān xì zhuǎn biàn wéi zhàn zhēng guān xì，
zhàn zhēng fǎ yě tóng shí kāi shǐ shì yòng。
duì zhàn zhēng de miáo shù chú cóng fǎ lǜ jiǎo dù wài，
hái kě yǐ cóng jūn shì jiǎo dù、
zhèng zhì jiǎo dù děng fāng miàn jìn xíng lùn shù。
dì '
èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn zhōng rì běn xí jī měi guó zhēn zhū gǎng，
suí hòu měi guó xuān bù duì rì zhàn zhēng
dāng jīn rén lèi zhèng chù yú xīn de jì shù gé mìng de shí dài。
kē xué jì shù de fēi yuè fā zhǎn，
quán qiú shè huì jiāo wǎng de bù duàn jiā shēn hé kuò dà，
duì zhàn zhēng de fā shēng、
fā zhǎn dū jù yòu zhòng dà yǐng xiǎng zuò yòng。
bù jǐn shǐ zhàn zhēng yóu chuán tǒng de lěng bīng qì zhàn zhēng guò dù dào rè bīng qì zhàn zhēng，
yě shǐ zhàn zhēng de yǐng xiǎng fàn wéi yóu jú bù kuò zhǎn dào quán qiú。
yǔ cǐ xiāng duì yìng，
zhì zhǐ zhàn zhēng de hé píng lì liàng hé jì shù shǒu duàn yě zài bù duàn fā zhǎn，
zhàn zhēng yě yóu chún jūn shì xìng xiàng zhèng zhì xìng、
jīng jì xìng、
jì shù xìng fā zhǎn。
zài rén lèi lì shǐ cháng hé zhōng，
zhàn zhēng shǐ zhōng màn yán bù duàn，
bìng gòu chéng rén lèi lì shǐ de yī gè dú tè de piān zhāng。
jù tǒng jì，
cóng dì qiú shàng chū xiàn wén míng yǐ lái de 5000
duō nián zhōng，
rén lèi xiān hòu fā shēng liǎo 15000
duō cì zhàn zhēng，
yòu jǐ shí yì rén zài zhàn zhēng zhōng sàng shēng，
zài zhè 5000
duō nián zhōng，
rén lèi gòng yòu 500
nián shì shēng huó zài hé píng huán jìng zhōng。
yě jiù shì shuō，
měi 100
nián zhōng，
rén lèi zuì shǎo yòu 90
nián shì shēng huó zài zhàn zhēng zhuàng tài zhōng。
20
shì jì 90
nián dài yǐ lái，
quán shì jiè fā shēng 100
duō chǎng zhàn zhēng，
yòu 90
duō gè guó jiā juǎnrù qí zhōng ……
dì yī dài zhàn zhēng de diǎn xíng héng héng kǎi sǎ liǎng zhēng bù liè diān。
qí tè diǎn shì shǐ yòng dāo、
jiàn、
máo děng lěng bīng qì hé bèn zhòng kuī jiá jìn jù lí gé dǒu。
dì '
èr dài zhàn zhēng de diǎn xíng héng héng ná pò lún zhàn zhēng。
qí tè diǎn shì jìn rù huǒ qì shí dài，
huǒ yào、
huá táng shì qì tóu rù zhàn zhēng。
dì sān dài zhàn zhēng de diǎn xíng héng héng liǎng cì shì jiè dà zhàn。
qí tè diǎn shì tǎn kè、
fēi jī、
zhàn jiàn hé xiàn dài huà yùn shū gōng jù yǐ quán bù shǐ yòng。
dì sì dài zhàn zhēng de diǎn xíng héng héng měi guó xiàng rì běn guǎng dǎo tóu xià yuán zǐ dàn，
qí tè diǎn shì huǐ miè xìng de yù shí jù fén de hòu guǒ。
dì wǔ dài zhàn zhēng de diǎn xíng héng héng hǎi wān zhàn zhēng。
qí tè diǎn shì xìn xī huà，
diàn zǐ huà，
tōng guò wài kē shǒu shù shì jīng què dǎ jī，
yuǎn jù lí fā shè gāo jīng què dù、
dà liào shāng lì de tū jī hé fáng yù wǔ qì、
xīn wù lǐ yuán lǐ wǔ qì。
guān yú xīn de shì jiè zhàn zhēng de qián zhān xìng yán jiū
qīng nián xué zhě liú zhōu zài“
guān yú rén lèi qián tú de yù yán”
yī wén zhōng tí chū liǎo guān yú shì jiè tǒng yī hé dì sān cì shì jiè dà zhàn de qián zhān xìng yù yán。
gāi yù yán nèi róng rú xià：
guān yú rén lèi qián tú de yù yán
（
yī）
shì jiè tǒng yī shì rén lèi de qián tú hé xīn shēng。
rén lèi ruò bù guī yú miè wáng，
biàn yào zǒu xiàng xīn shēng。
（
èr）
jīng jì quán qiú huà de dào lái，
shǐ shì jiè tǒng yī yóu yī zhǒng mó hú de yuǎn jǐng，
biàn chéng liǎo yī zhǒng yuè lái yuè qīng xī de jìn jǐng hé bù kě nì zhuǎn de lì shǐ qū shì。
（
sān）
shì jiè kě fǒu tǒng yī hé hé shí tǒng yī，
jué dìng yú jīng jì quán qiú huà shí dài de máo dùn，
yǐ jí zhè xiē máo dùn de fā zhǎn qíng kuàng。
（
sì）
jīng jì quán qiú huà shí dài de zhù yào máo dùn：
suí zhe jīng jì quán qiú huà de bù duàn shēn rù，
jīng jì huó dòng de guó jì huà qū shì bù duàn jiā qiáng，
gè guó zhī jiān zài jīng jì huó dòng zhōng de xiāng hù yǐng xiǎng、
xiāng hù yǐ lài hé xiāng hù lián xì rì yì jǐn mì。
yīn '
ér，
gè guó zài jīng jì huó dòng zhōng de xiāng hù xié diào yě biàn dé yuè lái yuè zhòng yào yuè lái yuè pò qiē。
zhè yě jiù shì shuō，
zài jīng jì quán qiú huà tiáo jiàn xià，
jīng jì fā zhǎn duì gè guó xiāng hù xié diào de yào qiú yuè lái yuè gāo。
lìng yī fāng miàn，
suí zhe jīng jì quán qiú huà de bù duàn shēn rù，
shì chǎng yuè lái yuè biǎo xiàn wéi quán qiú de shì chǎng，
yīn '
ér jìng zhēng yě yuè lái yuè biǎo xiàn wéi quán qiú de jìng zhēng。
jìng zhēng de quán qiú huà fā zhǎn，
bù kě bì miǎn de shǐ zī běn gè guó zhī jiān de máo dùn rì yì jiā jù rì yì shēn kè。
yīn wéi máo dùn de jiā shēn jiā jù，
gè guó zhī jiān xiāng hù xié diào de jī chǔ jiù yuè lái yuè ruò。
suǒ yǐ，
xíng shì shàng yòu shí huì biǎo xiàn wéi mǒu xiē guó jiā zhī jiān yīn jié chéng mǒu zhǒng lián méng '
ér zēng jiā liǎo xié diào，
dàn shì zhè zhǒng xié diào de shí zhì bù guò shì jié méng guó jiā lì yòng méng guó zhī jiān de xié diào lái yǔ lián méng wài guó jiā jìn xíng dǒu zhēng。
suǒ yǐ，
duì yú quán qiú xié diào lái shuō，
zhè zhǒng jú bù xìng zhì de xié diào zēng jiā，
bù shì quán qiú xié diào zēng jiā de biǎo xiàn，
ér shì quán qiú xié diào jiǎn shǎo de biǎo xiàn。
mǒu xiē dì qū xìng guó jiā zǔ zhì（
pì rú běi yuē、
ōu méng、
dōng méng děng）
zuò yòng de jiā qiáng，
suǒ bàn suí zhe de zhèng shì lián hé guó（
quán qiú xìng zǔ zhì）
zuò yòng de jiǎn ruò，
zhè jiù shì jīng jì quán qiú huà shí dài de quán qiú xié diào rì qū '
è huà de zuì hǎo zhù shì。
suǒ yǐ，
yī fāng miàn shì jīng jì quán qiú huà shí dài jīng jì fā zhǎn duì quán qiú xié diào de yào qiú yuè lái yuè qiáng，
yī fāng miàn zé shì shì jiè gè guó de jīng jì huó dòng yuè lái yuè bù xié diào。
zhè jiù shì jīng jì quán qiú huà shí dài gè zhǒng máo dùn chǎn shēng jí fā zhǎn de zhù yào jī chǔ。
jù tǐ lái shuō，
jīng jì quán qiú huà shí dài de zhù yào máo dùn yòu yǐ xià jǐ zhǒng：
yī fā dá guó jiā nèi de máo dùn
（
wǔ）
fā dá guó jiā dà dū yǐ bǐ jiào wán bèi de shè huì fú lì hé shè huì bǎo zhàng tǐ xì，
zuò wéi tiáojié shè huì jiē jí máo dùn de gōng jù，
cóng '
ér bǎo zhèng qí shè huì jiē jí guān xì de xiāng duì hé xié。
dàn shì，
shè huì fú lì hé shè huì bǎo zhàng tǐ xì de wán bèi，
zhù yào yǐ kào yú zhèng fǔ duì qǐ yè de zhòng shuì。
yě jiù shì zhù yào yǐ kào yú zī běn jiē jí xiàng zhèng fǔ jiāo nà de gāo '
é shuì jīn，
yì jí yǐ kào yú zī běn jiē jí duì láo dòng jiē jí de jiē jí ràng bù。
（
liù）
dàn shì，
jīng jì quán qiú huà de chū xiàn hé fā zhǎn，
bì rán dì dǎo zhì liǎo shè huì fú lì hé shè huì bǎo zhàng tǐ xì de bù kě nì zhuǎn de zhú bù de pò huài。
jīng jì quán qiú huà de fā zhǎn，
shǐ fā dá guó jiā de zī běn jiā kě yǐ lǐ suǒ dāng rán de jiāng qǐ yè zhuǎn yí dào dī shuì jīn de fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā，
yǐ táo bì guó nèi de zhòng shuì。
zài zhè zhǒng qíng kuàng xià，
fā dá guó jiā de shè huì fú lì hé shè huì bǎo zhàng tǐ xì，
bì rán huì yīn wèiguó nèi shuì shōu de jiǎn shǎo '
ér shòu dào chōng jī hé pò huài。
（
qī）
yǔ cǐ tóng bù，
yóu yú yī bù fēn qǐ yè zhuǎn yí dào dī shuì jīn de fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā，
bì rán dǎo zhì guó nèi shī yè shuài de shàng shēng。
ér shī yè shuài de shàng shēng yòu biāo zhì zhe dài gù yōng rén yuán de zēng jiā，
dài gù yōng rén yuán de zēng jiā yòu yì wèi zhe zī běn jiā gù yōng yuán gōng shí huì yòu jiào dà de xuǎn zé yú dì，
yīn '
ér kě yǐ yòng jiào dī de bào chóu gù dào yuán gōng。
zhè yàng，
zhěng gè bèi gù yōng jiē jí de gōng zī dài yù jiù huì bù duàn '
è huà，
ér qiě jīng cháng huì miàn lín shī yè de wēi xiǎn。
（
bā）
suǒ yǐ，
yī fāng miàn shì zhěng gè bèi gù yōng jiē jí de shēng cún huán jìng zhú jiàn '
è huà；
yī fāng miàn shì shè huì fú lì hé shè huì bǎo zhàng tǐ xì zhú jiàn zāo dào pò huài，
ér shǐ bāo kuò shī yè rén yuán zài nèi de shè huì ruò shì qún tǐ de shēng cún huán jìng zhú jiàn '
è huà héng héng zhè jiù shì jīng jì quán qiú huà gěi fā dá guó jiā dài lái de bì rán de jī běn biàn huà。
zhè zhǒng biàn huà zuì zhōng bì rán dǎo zhì shè huì jiē jí máo dùn de jī huà，
bìng jìn '
ér dǎo zhì jī liè de bào lì de jiē jí dǒu zhēng。 2005
nián，
fǎ guó bā lí fā shēng de suǒ wèi“
sāo luàn”，
shí zhì shàng jiù shì zhè yàng xíng chéng de。
kě yǐ duàn yán，
bā lí de“
sāo luàn”
zhǐ shì zhěng gè zī běn zhù yì fā dá guó jiā xīn yī lún jī liè de jiē jí dǒu zhēng kāi shǐ de biāo zhì hé xìn hào。
yīn cǐ，
fā dá guó jiā nèi de jiē jí dǒu zhēng fēng bào yǐ jīng bù kě bì miǎn，
tā de chū xiàn huì yīn wèiguó jì dǒu zhēng xíng shì de biàn huà '
ér yòu fāng shì hé shí jiān shàng de fù zá biàn huà。
dàn shì，
zhǒng zǐ jì yǐ jīng shēngzhǎng，
qū shì bì bù kě gǎi biàn。
èr fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā nèi de máo dùn
（
jiǔ）
dāng qián jīng jì quán qiú huà de shí zhì shì fā dá guó jiā zhù dǎo de quán qiú huà，
shì fā dá guó jiā jīng jì kuò zhāng de bié chēng。
suǒ yǐ，
dāng qián jīng jì quán qiú huà tiáo jiàn xià de shì jiè jīng jì yùn xíng，
zhù yào tǐ xiàn wéi： 1、
fā dá guó jiā de dà liàng chǎn pǐn yǒng rù fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de shì chǎng，
bìng lì tú zhú bù lǒng duàn qí shì chǎng； 2、
fā dá guó jiā de láo dòng mì jí xíng qǐ yè、
gāo wū rǎn qǐ yè yǐ jí qǐ tú táo bì zhòng shuì de qǐ yè，
dà liàng zhuǎn yí zhì fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā； 3、
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā zhǐ yòu zài néng yuán、
yuán cái liào、
chū jí chǎn pǐn huò mǒu xiē gāo jì shù chǎn pǐn de zǔ chéng yuán jiàn děng yòu xiàn de chǎn pǐn lǐng yù，
cái zhàn yòu yōu shì，
cái kě néng jiào dà guī mó de jìn rù fā dá guó jiā。
suǒ yǐ，
jīng jì quán qiú huà de shí jì qíng kuàng shì：
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā yuè lái yuè shēn rù dì chéng wéi fā dá guó jiā de chǎn pǐn shì chǎng、
néng yuán jī dì、
yuán cái liào jī dì hé qīng dǎo gōng yè fèi pǐn de lā jī chǎng。
suǒ yǐ，
zhè zhǒng jīng jì quán qiú huà shí jì shàng shì yī zhǒng“
dān xiàng dù de jīng jì quán qiú huà”，
tā bù shì fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de jīng jì quán qiú huà，
ér shì fā dá guó jiā de jīng jì quán qiú huà，
shì fā dá guó jiā jīng jì kuò zhāng de bié chēng。
（
shí）
jīng jì quán qiú huà yì jí fā dá guó jiā de jīng jì kuò zhāng。
zhè zhǒng kuò zhāng，
zài quán qiú zī yuán zhěng hé de míng yì xià，
shǐ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de jīng jì yuè lái yuè chéng wéi fā dá guó jiā jīng jì de fù yōng，
qí guó mín jīng jì tǐ xì yuè lái yuè biàn dé jī xíng hé cuì ruò，
yuè lái yuè lí bù kāi fā dá guó jiā de“
bāng zhù”。
yú shì，
zài fā dá guó jiā lì dù yuè lái yuè dà de“
bāng zhù”
xià，
zhěng gè fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de jīng jì fā zhǎn yuè lái yuè zāo gāo，
guó jì shè huì zhōng de liǎng jí fēn huà yuè lái yuè yán zhòng，
nán běi chā jù yuè lā yuè dà。
zhè jiù shì mù qián de xiàn shí。
（
shí yī）
yóu yú fā dá guó jiā chǎn pǐn de dà liàng yǒng rù，
xiāng bǐ zhī xià，
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de chéng běn jiào gāo、
jià gé jiào gāo '
ér zhì liàng jiào dī de chǎn pǐn xùn sù shī qù shì chǎng。
xǔ duō qǐ tú dǎ rù guó jì shì chǎng qù yǔ fā dá guó jiā de qǐ yè yī zhēng gāo xià de qǐ yè，
zài cán kù de shì chǎng jìng zhēng xià，
zài qí guó mén zhī nèi jiù bèi dà liàng yǒng jìn lái de wài guó chǎn pǐn jǐ kuǎ liǎo。（
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā xíng chéng yōng yòu jiào qiáng jìng zhēng lì de“
kuà guó jí tuán”
de shù liàng hé zhì liàng jūn shì jí dī de）。
（
shí '
èr）
bù jǐn shì fā dá guó jiā de chǎn pǐn yǒng rù liǎo fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā，
fā dá guó jiā de zī běn jiā yě fēn fēn bǎ gōng sī、
chǎng kuàng kāi dào liǎo fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā。
zhè yàng fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de jīng jì mìng mài jiù zhú jiàn bèi fā dá guó jiā suǒ zhǎng wò liǎo。
（
shí sān）
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā mín zú chǎn yè de pò chǎn yǐ jí bèi jiān bìng，
zào chéng liǎo dà liàng de shī yè。
ér shī yè rén yuán zhōng zhǐ yòu yī shǎo bù fēn shì kě yǐ bèi wài guó qǐ yè huò hé zī qǐ yè gù yōng de héng héng yīn wéi fā dá guó jiā qǐ yè suǒ xū de yuán gōng yuǎn yuǎn shǎo yú mín zú chǎn yè suǒ xū de yuán gōng。
zhè yàng，
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā shī yè de zēng jiā jiù chéng liǎo bù kě bì miǎn de xiàn xiàng。
（
shí sì）
shī yè de zēng jiā，
tóng yàng yě dài lái zhěng gè bèi gù yōng jiē jí gōng zī dài yù de xià jiàng。
（
shí wǔ）
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā yī bān dū quē fá bǐ jiào wán bèi de shè huì fú lì hé shè huì bǎo zhàng tǐ xì。
suǒ yǐ，
shī yè rén yuán hé bèi gù yōng jiē jí de shēng cún huán jìng zhǐ néng bǐ fā dá guó jiā chéng bèi dì zāo gāo。
zhè yàng，
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de jiē jí máo dùn jiù bǐ fā dá guó jiā gèng qū jī huà，
zì fā de bào lì liǎo jiē jí dǒu zhēng jiù bǐ fā dá guó jiā gèng róng yì fā shēng。
suǒ yǐ，
xíjuǎn zhěng gè fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de jiē jí dǒu zhēng fēng bào，
yě jiāng yóu yú fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā pǔ biàn quē fá huǎn hé qí guó nèi jiē jí máo dùn de jīng jì lì liàng，
ér bǐ fā dá guó jiā tí qián fā shēng。
sān fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de máo dùn
（
shí liù）
dāng qián jīng jì quán qiú huà shì fā dá guó jiā zhù dǎo de jīng jì quán qiú huà，
shì fā dá guó jiā jīng jì kuò zhāng de bié chēng。
zhè zhǒng kuò zhāng de chū qī，
huì gěi fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā dài lái mǒu xiē biǎo miàn shàng de fán róng。
dàn shì suí zhe qí fā zhǎn hé shēn rù，
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de jīng jì mìng mài biàn zhú bù dì bèi fā dá guó jiā zhǎng wò。
suǒ yǐ，
zhè zhǒng kuò zhāng de shí zhì tóng shí yòu shì fā dá guó jiā duì fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā jīng jì de jiān bìng，
shì xīn de zhí mín zhù yì xíng wéi，
ér qiě shì gèng jiā bù fù zé rèn de jié zé '
ér yú de zhí mín zhù yì xíng wéi，
shì yòng měi lì yán cí bāo guǒ qǐ lái de hǎi dào shì de zhí mín lüè duó。
zhè shì dāng qián guó jì shè huì fù guó yuè lái yuè fù、
qióng guó yuè lái yuè qióng de zhēn zhèng gēn yuán。
（
shí qī）
yīn '
ér，
fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de máo dùn shì bù kě tiáohé de máo dùn。
（
shí bā）
dāng qián，
zhàn luàn bù xī de zhōng dōng jú shì，
zhèng shì zhè zhǒng máo dùn fā zhǎn de jiēguǒ。
yǐ sè liè duì bā lè sī tǎn de zhàn zhēng、
měi guó duì yī lā kè de zhàn zhēng děng děng，
jiù qí shí zhì '
ér yán dōushì fā dá guó jiā qī yā lüè duó fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā、
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā fǎn kàng zhè zhǒng qī yā lüè duó de zhàn zhēng，
shì jī yú zhēng duó hé kòng zhì zhōng dōng néng yuán zhòng dì de zhàn zhēng。
（
shí jiǔ）
zhè yàng de zhàn zhēng，
jīn hòu zhǐ huì duō qǐ lái，
ér bù shì shǎo xià qù。
fā dòng zhàn zhēng de lǐ yóu huì yuè qū duō yàng，
dàn shì bù guǎn yòu duō shǎo zhǒng bāo guǒ zhàn zhēng běn lái miàn mùdì huǎng yán，
dū zhǐ huì shǐ zhàn zhēng de zhēn shí xìng zhì hé hòu guǒ，
yuè lái yuè zhēn shí qīng chǔ。
（
èr shí）
dāng qián quán shì jiè rì qū yán zhòng de kǒng bù zhù yì xíng wéi，
yě shì zhè zhǒng máo dùn de wài zài biǎo xiàn。
shì fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā fǎn kàng fā dá guó jiā jūn shì rù qīn、
jīng jì lüè duó de yī zhǒng bù duìchèn zhàn zhēng xíng wéi。
zhè zhǒng xíng wéi zài xíng shì shàng shì guò jī de hé bù hé lǐ de，
dàn shì jiū qí suǒ fā shēng de gēn yuán，
què kě fā xiàn qí bāo hán yòu yī dìng de hé lǐ de nèi hé。
（
èr shí yī）
zǒng zhī，
fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā máo dùn de shēn huà，
zhèng zài quán qiú fàn wéi nèi bù kě nì zhuǎn de xiàng qián fā zhǎn。
sì fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de máo dùn
（
èr shí '
èr）
jīng jì quán qiú huà de fā zhǎn，
yě yì wèi zhe fā dá guó jiā zài quán qiú fàn wéi nèi de wéi rào shì chǎng hé zī yuán de zhēng duó zhàn de fā zhǎn。
（
èr shí sān）
lěng zhàn jié shù yǐ lái，
yǐ měi sū liǎng bà（
liǎng jí）
xiāng hù duì kàng wéi zhù yào tè zhēng de guó jì jiù zhì xù bèi dǎ pò。
zhèng zhì duō jí huà fēng cháo chéng shí '
ér qǐ。
（
èr shí sì）
zhèng zhì duō jí huà，
běn zhì shàng shì yǐ měi guó dān jí dú bà wéi duì lì miàn de。
（
èr shí wǔ）
zhèng zhì duō jí huà，
běn zhì shàng shì yī zhǒng“
duō bà zhù”
de guó jì xīn zhì xù lán tú。
tā shì liè qiáng gè guó fǎn duì měi guó dān jí bà zhù tǐ xì de xíng wéi gāng lǐng。
yīn '
ér，
yě kě yǐ shuō shì bāo kuò měi guó zài nèi de suǒ yòu liè qiáng“
zhēng bà”
de chǎn wù。
suǒ yǐ，
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā bìng bù zài“
duō jí”
zhī liè，
duō jí zhǐ shì liè qiáng de“
duō jí”。
（
èr shí liù）
zhèng zhì duō jí huà de chū xiàn。
yǐ zhōng guó xiān qín lì shǐ lái bǐ nǐ，
biàn shì：
chūn qiū wǔ bà shí dài jié shù，
ér zhàn guó zhēng xióng shí dài dào lái。
（
èr shí qī）
měi guó qǐ tú bǎo chí qí chāo jí dà guó de dān jí bà zhù dì wèi，
ér qí tā liè qiáng guó jiā zé qǐ tú yǐ què lì gè zì de jú bù bà quán，
lái fǒu dìng měi guó de quán qiú bà quán。
suǒ yǐ，
zhèng zhì duō jí huà běn shēn yòu shì yī gè chōng mǎn dǒu zhēng de guò chéng。
（
èr shí bā）
wéi rào zhèng zhì duō jí huà de dǒu zhēng，
běn zhì shàng shì liè qiáng zhī jiān jīng jì dǒu zhēng de fǎn yìng，
tóng shí yòu shì fú wù yú liè qiáng zhī jiān de jīng jì dǒu zhēng de。 2003
nián yī lā kè zhàn zhēng qī jiān，
měi yīng xī yǔ dé fǎ '
é de fēn qí，
zhèng shì qí jīng jì lì yì xiāng hù chōng tū de chǎn wù。
（
èr shí jiǔ）
suí zhe jīng jì quán qiú huà de bù duàn shēn rù，
fā dá guó jiā wéi rào shì chǎng、
zī yuán suǒ jìn xíng de zhēng duó，
bì rán huì fā zhǎn wéi yuè lái yuè duō、
yuè lái yuè yán zhòng de zhèng zhì de hé jūn shì de dǒu zhēng。
zhè shì jué duì bù kě bì miǎn de。
（
sān shí）
zì shàng shì jì měi sū lěng zhàn yǐ lái，
yóu yú hé wǔ qì de chū xiàn，
dà guó zhī jiān zài chù lǐ xiāng hù guān xì shí bǎo chí liǎo zuì dà xiàn dù de kè zhì。
yīn cǐ，
lěng zhàn yǐ lái guī mó jiào dà de zhàn zhēng，
jī běn shàng dōushì yǐ qiáng líng ruò yǐ dà qī xiǎo de zhàn zhēng，
huò zhě shì dà guó zhī jiān de dài lǐ zhàn zhēng (
jí yóu xiǎo guó dài biǎo dà guó suǒ jìn xíng de zhàn zhēng )。
（
sān shí yī）
zhàn zhēng shì“
yòng yǐ jiě jué jiē jí hé jiē jí、
mín zú hé mín zú、
guó jiā hé guó jiā、
zhèng zhì jí tuán hé zhèng zhì jí tuán zhī jiān，
zài yī dìng fā zhǎn jiē duàn shàng de máo dùn de yī zhǒng zuì gāo dǒu zhēng xíng shì”（《
máo zé dōng xuǎn jí》
dì 155
yè）。
“
zhàn zhēng shì mín zú hé mín zú、
guó jiā hé guó jiā、
jiē jí hé jiē jí、
zhèng zhì jí tuán hé zhèng zhì jí tuán zhī jiān xiāng hù dǒu zhēng de zuì gāo xíng shì”（
tóng shàng，
dì 166
yè）。
（
sān shí '
èr）
suǒ yǐ，
zhàn zhēng shì máo dùn bù kě tiáohé de chǎn wù。
máo dùn bù kě tiáohé shì“
yīn”，
fā shēng zhàn zhēng shì“
guǒ”。
（
sān shí sān）
suǒ yǐ，
lěng zhàn yǐ lái，
dà guó zhī jiān méi yòu bào fā dà guī mó zhàn zhēng de běn zhì yuán yīn héng héng shì dà guó zhī jiān de máo dùn shàng cún zài yī dìng de tiáohé de kōng jiān。
ér jù pà hé zhàn zhēng duì rén lèi de huǐ miè xìng wēi xié，
zhǐ shì biǎo céng de yuán yīn。
（
sān shí sì）
suǒ yǐ，
zài máo dùn zhēn zhèng bù kě tiáohé de qíng kuàng xià，
hé zhàn zhēng duì rén lèi de huǐ miè xìng wēi xié，
bù huì chéng wéi bào fā zhàn zhēng de zhàng '
ài。
（
sān shí wǔ）
dāng qián guān yú hé zhàn zhēng duì rén lèi de huǐ miè xìng wēi xié de xuān chuán，
zhǐ shì yī zhǒng luó ji shàng de jiǎ xiǎng tuī lǐ。
tōng cháng suǒ wèi“
xiàn cún hé wǔ qì jí kě huǐ miè dì qiú ruò gān cì”
de shuō fǎ héng héng shǒu xiān，
shì yǐ yī gè yuán zǐ dàn（
huò qīng dàn）
bào zhà suǒ jí yòu duō shǎo píng fāng gōng lǐ wéi jī chǔ shù jù；
qí cì，
shì gēn jù yòu hé guó jiā gòng yòu yuán zǐ wǔ qì de zǒng liàng，
tuī duàn suǒ yòu yuán zǐ wǔ qì bào zhà suǒ jí zǒng gòng kě dá duō shǎo píng fāng gōng lǐ；
zài cì，
shì yǐ suǒ dé zǒng shù jù yǔ dì qiú de zǒng miàn jī xiāng bǐ，
kàn suǒ yòu yuán zǐ wǔ qì bào zhà suǒ jí（
ruò gān píng fāng gōng lǐ）
dá dào liǎo dì qiú zǒng miàn jī de duō shǎo bèi；
zuì hòu，
jí jù cǐ duàn dìng xiàn cún hé wǔ qì kě yǐ huǐ miè dì qiú duō shǎo cì。
héng héng suǒ yǐ，
zhè wú yí zhǐ shì yī zhǒng lǐ lùn shàng de tuī dǎo，
wú yí huì yǔ xiàn shí yòu xiāng dāng de jù lí。
héng héng suǒ yǐ，
zhè wú yí shì yī zhǒng bèi kuā dà liǎo de“
wēi xié”（
zhè zhǒng kuā dà shì mǒu xiē guó jiā hé '
é zhà zhèng cè de zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fēn）。
héng héng suǒ yǐ，
wú yí，
zhè zhǒng bèi kuā dà liǎo de wēi xié，
zài dà guó máo dùn zhēn zhèng bù kě tiáohé de qíng kuàng xià，
gēn běn bù kě néng chéng wéi bào fā zhàn zhēng de zhàng '
ài。
wǔ zhū máo dùn de xiāng hù yǐng xiǎng
（
sān shí liù）
yǐ shàng zhū máo dùn（
fā dá guó jiā nèi de máo dùn、
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā nèi de máo dùn、
fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de máo dùn、
fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de máo dùn）
de fā zhǎn，
bù shì gū lì de，
ér shì xiāng hù yǐng xiǎng、
xiāng hù cì jī hé xiāng hù tuī dòng de。
héng héng yīn '
ér shì hù dòng de hé lián dòng de fā zhǎn。
（
sān shí qī）
fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de máo dùn，
gēn fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de máo dùn shì xiāng hù jiāo zhì zài yī qǐ de。
fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān suǒ zhēng duó de yī gè zhù yào nèi róng，
jiù shì duì fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā shì chǎng hé zī yuán de kòng zhì quán。
tóng shí，
fā dá guó jiā duì fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā shì chǎng hé zī yuán de kòng zhì，
yě shì zài xiāng hù zhēng duó zhōng què lì hé cún zài de。
（
sān shí bā）
fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de zhēng duó yuè jī liè，
fā dá guó jiā duì gè zì yǐ kòng zhì de fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de kòng zhì jiù huì yuè shēn rù。
héng héng yīn wéi zhēng duó yuè jī liè，
kòng zhì xīn de qū yù hé lǐng yù de nán dù jiù yuè dà。
ér kòng zhì xīn qū yù xīn lǐng yù de nán dù de zēng jiā，
jiù huì pò shǐ fā dá guó jiā cǎi qǔ yī qiē cuò shī zēng jiā zì jǐ zài yǐ kòng zhì qū yù hé lǐng yù de shōu rù，
bìng yòng zhè xiē zēng jiā de shōu rù lái jiā qiáng qí zhēng duó xīn qū yù hé xīn lǐng yù de lì liàng。
suǒ yǐ，
fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de zhēng duó yuè jī liè、
máo dùn yuè fā zhǎn de tóng shí，
fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de dǒu zhēng yě huì yuè jī liè、
máo dùn yě huì yuè jiā shēn。
fǎn guò lái，
yǐ kòng zhì de fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā duì kòng zhì zhě de fǎn duì de jiā jù，
yě huì pò shǐ fā dá guó jiā gèng jiā qù zhēng duó xīn de qū yù hé lǐng yù，
yīn '
ér fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de máo dùn yòu huì yīn cǐ jìn yī bù de jiā shēn。
（
sān shí jiǔ）
fā dá guó jiā yuè yào zài yǐ kòng zhì de fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā zēng jiā zì jǐ de shōu rù，
jiù yuè yào jiā dà duì fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de bō xuē hé lüè duó de lì dù，
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā suǒ shòu de sǔn hài jiù huì yuè dà。
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā suǒ shòu de sǔn hài yuè dà，
qí guó nèi qíng kuàng jiù yuè zāo gāo，
guó nèi jiē jí máo dùn jiù huì yuè yán zhòng。
fǎn guò lái，
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā guó nèi jiē jí máo dùn yuè yán zhòng，
yě huì shǐ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā yǔ fā dá guó jiā de máo dùn biàn dé yuè jiā fù zá hé shēn kè。
（
sì shí）
fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān máo dùn de jiā shēn、
fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā máo dùn de jiā shēn，
dū huì shǐ fā dá guó jiā xiàng guó wài huò qǔ lì rùn de kōng jiān shòu dào xiàn zhì。
yīn '
ér，“
kùn yú wài zhě bì fǎn zhī yú nèi”
héng héng shī qù yú guó wài de lì rùn bù fēn，
bì rán huì cóng guó nèi bǔ zú，
bì rán huì yòng jiā qiáng guó nèi bō xuē hé jiǎn shǎo guó nèi shè huì fú lì hé shè huì bǎo zhàng fèi yòng de bàn fǎ lái jìn xíng mí bǔ。
suǒ yǐ，
guó nèi de jiē jí máo dùn jiù huì bù kě bì miǎn de jiā jù。
tóng yàng，
guó nèi máo dùn de jiā jù，
yě huì pò shǐ fā dá guó jiā jiā dà qí duì wài dǒu zhēng de lì dù。
yīn '
ér fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de máo dùn、
fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de máo dùn dū huì yīn cǐ gèng jiā yán zhòng。
（
sì shí yī）
suǒ yǐ，
zōng yán zhī，
héng héng fā dá guó jiā nèi de máo dùn、
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā nèi de máo dùn、
fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de máo dùn、
fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de máo dùn héng héng zhè jǐ zhǒng máo dùn dū huì zài xiāng hù yǐng xiǎng、
xiāng hù cì jī hé xiāng hù tuī dòng zhōng，
huò dé jiā bèi de fā zhǎn。
（
sì shí '
èr）
suǒ yǐ，
① fā dá guó jiā nèi de gé mìng fēng bào hé fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā nèi de gé mìng fēng bào dū jiāng bù kě bì miǎn，
ér qiě bì jiāng tí qián bào fā（
lìng wài，
liú xíng yú dāng qián shì jiè de“
fǔ bài cháo”
yě bì jiāng qǐ cù jìn de zuò yòng）。
② fā dá guó jiā yǐ qiáng líng ruò、
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā yǐ bào kàng bào de zhàn zhēng bì jiāng jìn yī bù zēng duō、
shēng jí hé fā zhǎn。
③ fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān（
tè bié shì jūn shì dà guó zhī jiān）
de zhàn zhēng bì jiāng bào fā；
dì sān cì shì jiè dà zhàn bì jiāng bào fā。
ér qiě yī dìng huì bǐ rén men suǒ néng xiǎng xiàng de bào fā shí jiān gèng zǎo。
liù jié lùn
（
sì shí sān）
fā dá guó jiā nèi de máo dùn、
fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā nèi de máo dùn、
fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de máo dùn、
fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de máo dùn héng héng zhè xiē máo dùn zài jīng jì quán qiú huà tiáo jiàn xià de fā zhǎn hé jī huà，
dū shēn shēn de gēn zhí yú héng héng jīng jì quán qiú huà duì quán qiú jīng jì xié diào de yào qiú yuè lái yuè qiáng，
ér gè guó shí jì shàng de jīng jì huó dòng què yuè lái yuè bù xié diào héng héng zhè yī jī chǔ xìng máo dùn zhī shàng。
（
sì shí sì）
jīng jì quán qiú huà tiáo jiàn xià de“
quán qiú jīng jì fā zhǎn yào qiú”
yǔ“
gè guó jīng jì huó dòng”
zhī jiān de máo dùn，
shí zhì shàng yě jiù shì jīng jì quán qiú huà yǔ zhèng zhì duō jí huà de máo dùn。
yīn wéi gè guó zài jīng jì huó dòng zhōng de yuè lái yuè bù xié diào，
zhèng shì zhèng zhì duō jí huà de zhù yào biǎo xiàn zhī yī。
（
sì shí wǔ）
jīng jì jī chǔ jué dìng shàng céng jiàn zhù。
rén lèi shè huì fā zhǎn de lì shǐ，
jiù shì yī gè shàng céng jiàn zhù bù duàn shì yìng jīng jì jī chǔ de lì shǐ。
dāng jīng jì jī chǔ fā zhǎn dào fēng jiàn jīng jì de shí dài shí，
nú lì zhì de shàng céng jiàn zhù jiù bù néng cháng shí jiān jì xù cún zài。
ér dāng jīng jì jī chǔ fā zhǎn dào zī běn zhù yì jīng jì de shí dài shí，
zī běn zhù yì de shàng céng jiàn zhù jiù bì rán qǔ dài fēng jiàn zhì de shàng céng jiàn zhù。
suǒ yǐ，
dāng jīng jì jī chǔ duì shàng céng jiàn zhù tí chū shénme yàng de biàn gé yào qiú shí，
shàng céng jiàn zhù jiù bì rán '
àn zhào zhè gè yào qiú fā shēng biàn gé。
héng héng zhè shì lì shǐ de shí jì，
yě shì lì shǐ de guī lǜ。
（
sì shí liù）
jīng jì quán qiú huà shǔ yú jīng jì jī chǔ de fàn chóu。
zhèng zhì duō jí huà shǔ yú shàng céng jiàn zhù de fàn chóu。
（
sì shí qī）
zhèng zhì duō jí huà，
bù shì yǔ jīng jì quán qiú huà xiāng shì yìng de shàng céng jiàn zhù。
（
sì shí bā）
jīng jì quán qiú huà，
yào qiú zuò wéi quán qiú shēng chǎn yào sù de gè guó gè dì qū zhī jiān yòu yuè lái yuè mìqiè de pèi hé hé xié zuò。
yīn '
ér，
yě yào qiú gè guó zài chù lǐ xiāng hù jiān jīng jì guān xì de shí hòu，
gèng duō dì kǎo lǜ quán qiú jīng jì fā zhǎn de dà jú，
ér bù shì yǐ yī guó de“
sī lì”
pò huài quán qiú jīng jì fā zhǎn de“
gōng lì”。
wéi qí rú cǐ，
fāng yòu lì yú shì jiè jīng jì de fā zhǎn，
fǎn zhī jiù huì zǔ '
ài shì jiè jīng jì de jiàn kāng fā zhǎn。
（
sì shí jiǔ）
suǒ yǐ héng héng jīng jì quán qiú huà，
yào qiú jù yòu quán qiú xié diào zhí néng de“
zhèng fǔ zǔ zhì”
bǎo zhèng quán qiú jīng jì de jiàn kāng fā zhǎn。
jīng jì quán qiú huà，
yào qiú jù yòu quán qiú“
yī tǐ huà”
zhí néng de shàng céng jiàn zhù yǔ zhī xiāng shì yìng。
jīng jì quán qiú huà bì jiāng dǎo zhì quán qiú de zhèng zhì tǒng yī。
（
wǔ shí）
suǒ yǐ héng héng dāng qián jīng jì quán qiú huà shí dài zhū máo dùn fā zhǎn de jiēguǒ，
bì rán shǐ duō gè mín zú guó jiā fēn liè gē jù de shì jiè guī yú yī tǒng。
guǎng fàn fā shēng yú fā dá guó jiā nèi hé fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā nèi de gé mìng fēng bào，
yǐ jí fā dá guó jiā yǔ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de zhàn zhēng，
yǐ jí fā dá guó jiā zhī jiān de zhàn zhēng，
zuì zhōng dū zhǐ yòu yī gè guī sù，
nà jiù shì：
shì jiè tǒng yī。
（
wǔ shí yī）
suǒ yǐ héng héng gé mìng bì rán bào fā、
zhàn zhēng bì rán bào fā héng héng dì sān cì shì jiè dà zhàn bì rán bào fā、
shì jiè bì rán tǒng yī。
zhè shì lì shǐ de bì rán，
zhè shì kē xué de zhēn lǐ。
rèn shuí yě wú lì zǔ dǎng。
（
wǔ shí '
èr）
suǒ yǐ，
duì yú zhè gè shí dài lái shuō，
hé píng suǒ yǐ zhòng yào，
shì yīn wéi quē fá hé píng；
zhàn zhēng suǒ yǐ zhòng yào，
shì yīn wéi zhǐ yòu yòng zhàn zhēng xiāo miè zhàn zhēng，
cái néng zhēng dé rén lèi yǒng jiǔ zhī hé píng，
cái néng zhēng dé shì jiè de tǒng yī hé rén lèi de xīn shēng。
zuò wén zǎo zài guǎng zhōu qǐ yì zhī qián de 1911
nián 1
yuè，
xiāng gǎng tóng méng huì tán rén fèng lái hàn yǔ sūn wǔ、
hú yīng děng shāng tǎo qǐ yì fānàn dì diǎn。
hú yīng rèn wéi，
hú běi shòu xiàn zhì tài duō，
dí rén diào bīng，
zhāofā xī zhì，
nán zuò chí jiǔ dǐ kàng。
tán zé zhù zhāng guǎng zhōu shǒu xiān fānàn，
hú běi xiǎng yìng。
wéi sūn wǔ lì zhù zài wǔ chāng fānàn，
tā rèn wéi，
wǔ chāng xīn jūn jí zhōng，
nèi bù fā dòng chéng xiào xiǎn zhù，
wéi shǒu yì dǎ xià liǎo wěn gù de jī chǔ；
yǐ bīng lì lùn，
fānàn fēi cóng wǔ chāng rù shǒu bù kě。
bìng lìshǔ wǔ chāng shǒu yì de yòu lì tiáo jiàn：
zhāng zhī dòng dū '
è yǐ lái，
zài wǔ hàn jiàn lì liǎo gāng tiě chǎng、
bīng gōng chǎng、
huǒ yào chǎng、
zào bì chǎng，
hěn yòu chéng jì，
wǔ hàn kě wèi xiè jīng xiǎng zú zhī qū；
wǔ hàn shì shuǐ lù jiāo tōng zhōng xīn，
jiāng nán yòu xiāng gàn hū yìng líng tōng、
liáng mò yùn shū de biàn lì，
jiāng běi yòu wǔ shèng guān xiǎn yào kě shǒu，
dōng nán bàn bì，
chuán xí kě dìng；
ruì zhǐ dāng dào，
zhù zhāng tiě lù shōu guī guó yòu，
tóng zài zé biǎo lǐ wéi jiān，
guó rén hèn zhī rén gǔ，
yì qí yī jǔ，
quán shěng bǎi xìng pó néng wéi wǒ suǒ yòng。
bīng lì、
wǔ qì、
dì shì、
rén qíng zhè sì gè yōu yuè tiáo jiàn，
shì guǎng zhōu wú kě bǐ nǐ de。
1911
nián 4
yuè，
guǎng zhōu huáng huā gǎng qǐ yì shī bài hòu，
zài shàng hǎi de tóng méng huì zhōng bù zǒng huì qǐ tú cèhuà cháng jiāng liú yù qǐ yì，
pài rén dào wǔ hàn yǔ wén xué shè、
gòng jìn huì lián xì，
jiā sù liǎo wǔ hàn gé mìng tuán tǐ zhǔn bèi qǐ yì de jìn chéng。
liǎng gè gé mìng tuán tǐ de yòu shí zhī shì，
shēn gǎn qǐ yì zé rèn zhòng dà，
rì yì chǎn shēng liǎo lián hé qǐ yì de sī xiǎng qīng xiàng。
jīng guò jǐ gè yuè de duō cì xié shāng，
yú 1911
nián 8
yuè zuì zhōng jué dìng lián hé。
zhè qī jiān，
xiāng '
è yuè chuān děng dì de bǎo lù yùn dòng fēng qǐ yún yǒng，
sì chuān yóu shèn，
yǐ fā zhǎn chéng bǎo lù qǐ yì。
qīng tíng huāng liǎo shǒu jiǎo，
sì chù diào bīng qiǎn jiāng qián wǎng tányā。 9
yuè 21
rì，
tíng lìng duān fāng dū shuài '
è jūn xùn sù dǐ chuān，
è jūn dì bā zhèn suǒ shǔ dì shí liù xié dà bù fēn bīng lì rén chuān，
lìng yī bù fēn bīng lì zhù fáng hàn yáng、
hàn kǒu hé shì wài tā xiàn，
shěng chéng nèi wài bīng lì jǐn shí sì gè biāo yuē qī qiān yú rén，
qí zhōng cān jiā wén xué shè、
gòng jìn huì děng gé mìng tuán tǐ hé qīng xiàng gé mìng de bīng shì yuē gǔ sān fēn zhī yī yǐ shàng。
zhàn zhēng dǎ xiǎng yǐ hòu，
hái huì fā shēng guān bīng fǎn zhèng。
xíng shì duì wǔ chāng shǒu yì jí wéi yòu lì。 9
yuè 24
sì。
wén xué shè hé gòng jìn huì zài wǔ chāng yān zhī xiàng 11
hào gòng jìn huì jī guān zhào kāi yòu shuāng fāng fù zé rén hé gè biāo yíng dài biǎo liù shí yú rénshēn jiā de lián hé huì yì shàng，
yì jué liǎo fā dòng qǐ yì de jìhuà，
bìng què dìng liǎo jūn shì shàng hé zhèng zhì shàng de fù zé rén xuǎn，
jūn shì shàng，
wén xué shè fù zé rén jiǎng yì wǔ bèi tuī jǔ wéi gé mìng jūn zǒng zhǐ huī，
gòng jìn huì fù zé rén sūn wǔ bèi wéi jǔ wéi cān móu cháng。
zhèng zhì shàng，
gòng jìn huì fù zé rén liú gōng bèi tuī jǔ wéi zhèng zhì chóu bèi chù zǒng lǐ。
qǐ yì zǒng zhǐ huī bù shè wǔ chāng xiǎo cháo jiē 85
hào wén xué shè jī guān nèi，
zhèng zhì chóu bèi chù shè hàn kǒu bǎo shàn lǐ 14
hào。
qǐ yì rì qī zǒu wéi 1911
nián 10
yuè 6
rì (
zhōng qiū jié )。
zài fēn tú zhǔn bèi zhōng，
tòng gǎn shí jiān jǐn pò，
qǐ yì rì qī yòu yán zhì 10
yuè 11
rì。
zhè shí，
zài shàng hǎi de tóng méng huì zhōng bù zǒng huì dān xīn wǔ hàn yī dì fā dòng qǐ yì kào bù zhù，
huáng xīng yě yòu shí yī shěng tóng shí fā dòng qǐ yì fāng néng qǔ shèng de shuō fǎ。
zhè xiē xiāo xī chuán dào wǔ hàn，
yòu shǐ wǔ hàn de yī xiē lǐng dǎo rén yī dù chí yí。
10
yuè 9
rì，
sūn wǔ zài hàn kǒu '
é zū jiè bǎo shàn lǐ 14
hào gòng jìn huì jī guān zhì zào zhà dàn，
bù shèn bào zhà。
é guó xún bǔ wén shēng qián wǎng sōu chá，
shòu shāng de sūn wǔ yǔ qí tā zài chǎng de rén xùn sù tuō táo，
dàn qǐ yì de wén jiàn、
yìn xìn、
qí zhì děng zhòng yào jī mì bèi sōu zǒu。
yǔ gòng jìn huì jī guān xiāng lín de liú gōng yù suǒ yì bèi chá chāo，
liú gōng zhī dì liú tóng děng sì rén bèi bǔ。
hú guǎng zǒng dū wén bào sōu chá hé tí shěn qíng kuàng，
shēn gǎn shì tài jǐn jí，
lì jí xià lìng quán chéng jiè yán，
àn zhǐ sōu chá gé mìng jī guān，
àn míng cè sōu bǔ gé mìng dǎng rén。
wǔ hàn sān zhèn，
lǒngzhào zài yī piàn bái sè kǒng bù zhōng，
dāng rì xià wǔ 5
shí zuǒ yòu，
zài wǔ chāng xiǎo cháo jiē qǐ yì zǒng zhǐ huī bù de jiǎng yì wǔ、
liú fù jī děng jūn shì fù zé rén，
dé zhī hàn kǒu chū shì，
qǐ yì jìhuà bào lù，
shēn gǎn yǐ shì qiān jūn yī fā shí kè，
rú bù jìn kuài dòng shǒu。
jiù jiāng zuò yǐ dài bì，
yú shì duàn rán jué dìng qǐ yì tí qián zhì dāng wǎn shí '
èr shí fā dòng，
yǐ zhōng hé mén (
jīn qǐ yì mén )
wài pào shēng wéi hào，
suí jí pài rén huǒ sù xiàng xīn jūn gè bīng yíng gé mìng dǎng rén mì mì chuán dì qǐ yì mìng lìng。
dāng wǎn xiǎo cháo jiē qǐ yì zǒng zhǐ huī bù bèi bāo wéi，
jūn jǐng pò mén '
ér rù。
liú fù jī huāng máng zhōng tóu dàn wèi zhà bèi bǔ，
péng chǔ fān yì bèi zhuō，
jiǎng yì wǔ yīn shēn zhù cháng páo mǎ guà qiě xù cháng biàn wèi bèi jūn jǐng zhù yì，
chéng xì tuō táo。
dǎng rén yáng hóng shèng zài gěi gè yíng sòng dàn yào tú zhōng bèi jūn jǐng gēn zōng，
tóu dàn shī wù zì shāng '
ér luò rù dí shǒu。
yóu yú quán chéng jiè yán，
chéng mén jǐn bì，
mìng lìng wèi néng '
àn shí sòng dá chéng wài pào duì，
dāng wǎn shí '
èr shí qǐ yì jìhuà wèi néng shí xiàn。
10
yuè 10
rì chén，
péng chǔ fān、
liú fù jī、
yáng hóng shèng sān zhì shì zài hú guǎng zǒng dū shǔ yīng yǒng jiù yì de xiāo xī chuán kāi，
jūn jǐng de sōu bǔ réng zài jǐn zhāng jìn xíng。
xǔ duō gé mìng dǎng rén hé fā dòng qǐ lái de xīn jūn bīng shì zì cǔn shēng sǐ cún wáng zài cǐ yī jǔ。
yǔ qí zuò yǐ dài bì，
bù rú pīn sǐ qiú shēng。
qǐ yì xíng shì rú jiàn zài xián shàng，
yī chù jí fā。
wǎn qī shí xǔ，
zhù zhōng hé mén nèi dì bā zhèn suǒ shǔ gōng chéng bīng dì bā yíng yíng fáng lǐ、
shǒu xiān fā shēng bīng shì huá biàn，
xiǎng qǐ liǎo qiāng shēng，
yòu jǐ gè guān zuǒ bèi jī bì，
gāi yíng dǎng rén zǒng dài biǎo、
xīn jūn hòu duì zhèng mù (
xiāng dāng yú bān cháng）
xióng bǐng kūn jiàn zhuàng，
lì jí shuài shù shí míng qǐ yì shì bīng bēn xiàng zhōng hé mén fù jìn de chǔ wàng tái jūn xiè kù。
zài běn yíng zhù fáng jūn xiè kù bīng shì de cè yìng xià，
zhàn lǐng liǎo jūn xiè kù，
bìng dǎ kāi liǎo kù mén。
qǐ yì bù duì dé dào jūn huǒ，
shì qì dà zhèn。
zhè shí，
jù jí zài chǔ wàng tái de qǐ yì shì bīng yuē sān bǎi yú rén。
yóu yú sūn wǔ fù shāng zhù yuàn，
jiǎng yì wǔ zài jūn jǐng sōu bǔ shí tuō táo，
qí tā qǐ yì lǐng dǎo rén huò xùnnàn，
huò bèi bǔ，
xiàn chǎng shàng qún lóng wú shǒu，
wú fǎ tǒng yī zhǐ huī。
zài chǎng zhí wèi zuì gāo de xióng bǐng kūn，
yǐ zǒng dài biǎo de shēn fèn fù zé xiàn chǎng zhǐ huī，
jìn lì wěn zhù jūn xīn。
zhè shí，
yòu shì bīng jiàn yì，
bǎ qǐ yì shí duǒ bì qǐ lái de zuǒ duì duì guān (
xiāng dāng yú lián cháng )
wú zhào lín zhǎo lái dāng zǒng zhǐ huī。
xióng bǐng kūn xiōng huái quán jú，
kǎo lǜ zì jǐ zhí bēi wèi dī，
kǒng nán zuǒ yòu jú shì，
gěi qǐ yì dài lái bù liáng hòu guǒ，
yú shì xīn rán shùn yìng shì bīng yào qiú，
wéi jǔ wú zhào lín dāng lín shí zǒng zhǐ huī。
wú yuán xì rì zhī huì huì yuán，
hòu méi yòu cān jiā rèn hé gé mìng zǔ zhì，
dàn cǐ rén gànliàn，
yòu yī dìng de zhǐ huī néng lì。
wú bù fù zhòng wàng，
tā lì jí mìng lìng yī bù fēn bīng lì jiā qiáng chǔ wàng tái yī dài de jǐng jiè，
tóng shí zài cì pài rén yǔ chéng nèi wài qí tā gé mìng bù duì lián xì。
chéng nèi wài dé zhī shì qǐ de gé mìng bù duì fēn fēn xiàng chǔ wàng tái jí jié。
zài gè qǐ yì bù duì xiàng chǔ wàng tái jí jié de tóng shí，
wú zhào lín、
xióng bǐng kūn yǐ shuài qǐ yì bù duì xiàng hú guǎng zǒng dū shǔ (
jīn wǔ chāng zào chuán chǎng )
nèi，
fā qǐ bèng gōng，
zhàn dǒu jìn xíng dé hěn jiān kǔ，
bù kè '
ér fǎn。
nán hú pào duì rù chéng，
chǔ wàng tái、
shé shān děng chù de pào jī kāi shǐ yǐ hòu，
zhàn jú chū xiàn zhuǎn jī。
xīn jūn gè biāo yíng gèng duō díshì bīng qǐ yì xiǎng yìng，
yíng yǐ shàng jūn guān jué dà duō shù jiàn shì bù miào，
bǎo mìng lí yíng，
cǐ kè，
hú guǎng zǒng dū ruì shuǐ zhǐ、
dì bā zhèn tǒng zhì jiān fáng yíng tí dū zhāng biāo、
dū bàn gōng suǒ zǒng bàn tiě zhōng mìng lìng suǒ shǔ gè bù duì zhǎngguān zhì zhǐ nèi bù xiǎng yìng bìng zǔ zhì kě kào bīng lì bǎo wèi dū shǔ，
quán jiǎo qǐ yì shì bīng，
zhì shǐ jìn gōng dū shǔ zhī zhàn，
lián lián shòu zǔ。
zhuǎn zhōng yǐ hòu，
zài cì zǔ zhì bīng lì jìn gōng dū shǔ。
qiě bīng fēn sān lù，
zài dà jiē xiǎo xiàng zhǎn kāi xuè zhàn。
yóu yú tiān hēi yòu yǔ，
mù biāo néng jiàn dù dī，
pào lǚ fā bù zhōng，
yú shì yòu rén mào sǐ chōng wǎng dū shǔ fù jìn zòng huǒ，
yǐ huǒ guāng wéi biāo zhì，
tí gāo pào jī de mìng zhōng shuài。
jiē zhe，
dū shǔ qiān yā fáng bèi jī zhōng。
ruì huī hé tiě zhōng，
jiàn dà shì yǐ qù，
huāng máng zhōng dǎ pò shǔ yuàn hòu qiáng táo wǎng cháng jiāng de yī sōu bīng jiàn shàng。
zhāng biāo réng zài qí sī lìng bù (
dì bā zhèn sī lìng bù zài dū shǔ fù jìn )
wán kàng。
qǐ yì jūn jīng guò sān cì jìn gōng，
zhōng yú zài pào duì de mìqiè pèi hé xià yú tiān míng qián gōng kè liǎo zǒng dū shǔ jí dì bā zhèn sī lìng bù。
zhāng biāo zài qí sī lìng bù bèi gōng kè qián táo wǎng hàn kǒu。
suí hòu qǐ yì jūn suǒ xiàng pīmǐ，
fān tái yá mén hěn kuài yì bèi qǐ yì jūn zhàn lǐng。
jīng guò yī yè yù xuè '
áo zhàn，
dào 10
yuè 11
rì shàng wǔ，
wǔ chāng quán chéng guāng fù。
jiǔ jiǎo shí bā xīng gé mìng jūn qí zhì wǔ chāng chéng tóu shàng gāo gāo piāo yáng。
cì rì，
qǐ yì jūn yòu shōu fù liǎo hàn kǒu hé hàn yáng，
wǔ hàn sān zhèn quán zài gé mìng jūn zhǎng wò zhī zhōng liǎo
xiàn zài ,
wǒ men de shēng huó shí fēn měi hǎo。
kě nǐ，
shì fǒu xiǎng guò，
xiàn zài de xìng fú shēng huó lái de？
zhè kě shì zhàn shì yòng zì jǐ gǔn tàng gǔn tàng de xiān xuè huàn lái de。
zhè gè dài jià tài dà liǎo！
jīn tiān，
ràng wǒ men lái gù guò qù de diǎn diǎn dī dī bā！
zài kàng rì zhàn zhēng shǐ wén zhāng zhōng，
wǒ kàn dào liǎo pào huǒ lián tiān、
nóng yān gǔn gǔn de zhàn chǎng。
yī gè gè mǎn shēn xiān xuè、
hàn liú jiā bèi、
fèn lì pīn bó de bā lù jūn zhàn shì men。
wàn shān cóng zhōng，
qīng shā zhàng lǐ，
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng lǐng dǎo de dí hòu kàng rì yóu jī jiàn '
ér dào chù chěng yīng háo；
yàn líng duì、
dí hòu wǔ gōng duì、
tiě dào yóu jī duì，
dì dào zhàn、
dì léi zhàn、
má què zhàn……
shǐ jiāo kuáng yī shí de rì běn qīn lüè zhě xiàn rù dào dí hòu rén mín zhàn zhēng de wāng yáng dà hǎi。
wǒ hái kàn dào liǎo 19
lù jūn zǔ zhì de“
gǎn sǐ duì”
chū fā qián jiē shòu zhǎngguān de zhǐ shì。
jiē zhe，“
yī、
èr bā”
de zhàn huǒ shǒu xiān zài zhá běi rán shāo。
yī gè gè 19
lù jūn chén zhe yìng zhàn。
wǒ hái kàn dào kàng zhàn 1
yuè 27
rì wǔ hòu，
rì jūn zhǔn bèi kāi huǒ de xiāo xī shǐ zhù zài běi sì chuān lù yī dài de shàng hǎi jū mín fēn fēn yǒng xiàng zū jiè bìnàn。
zuì hòu，
cài yán kǎi jūn cháng lín qián xiàn zhǐ huī……
“
sōng hù huì zhàn”
zhōng“
bā bǎi zhuàng shì”
de zhōng zhēn jiǎng zhāng，“
xuè zhàn tái '
ér zhuāng”
de shā dí dà dāo，“
wǔ hàn huì zhàn”
zhōng bì dí 3000
yú rén de wàn jiā lǐng dà jié zhōng jiǎo huò de zhàn lì pǐn……
kàng zhàn chū qī，
guó mín dǎng shù bǎi wàn jūn duì duì rì jūn jìn gōng jìn xíng liǎo zhèng miàn zuò zhàn，
gěi rì jūn yǐ chén zhòng dǎ jī，
fěn suì liǎo rì běn jūn guó zhù yì zhě“
sù zhàn sù jué”
de měi mèng。
“
kàng rì zé shēng，
bù kàng rì zé sǐ，
kàng rì jiù guó，
yǐ chéng wéi měi gè tóng bāo de shén shèng tiān zhí！”“
píng jīn wēi jí！
huá běi wēi jí！
zhōng huá mín zú wēi jí！
zhǐ yòu quán mín zú shí xíng kàng zhàn，
cái shì wǒ men de chū lù。”“
jiān chí kàng zhàn，
jiān chí chí jiǔ zhàn，
jiān chí tǒng yī zhàn xiàn，
zuì hòu shèng lì bì rán shì zhōng guó de。”
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng，
shuài xiān chuī xiǎng kàng zhàn de hào jiǎo。 1937
nián“
qī qī shì biàn”
bào fā。
zài zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng de jī jí nǔ lì hé tuī dòng xià，
guó gòng liǎng dǎng pāo qì '
ēn yuàn zài cì zǒu dào yī qǐ，
zhōng huá mín zú quán miàn shén shèng kàng zhàn cóng cǐ yǐ liáo yuán zhī shì rán shāo qǐ lái。
zhè chǎng zài 1945
nián 9
yuè 3
rì yíng dé de zhàn zhēng shèng lì quán rán bù tóng yǐ wǎng 110
nián qián de jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng。
cóng 1840
nián kāi shǐ dào kàng rì zhàn zhēng shèng lì de 105
nián jiān，
jīhū suǒ yòu de dà zhōng xiǎo dì guó zhù yì guó jiādōu qīn lüè guò zhōng guó，
ér wǒ men wéi yī yíng dé de，
jiù shì 60
nián qián de nà chǎng shèng lì。
nà shì jìn 100
nián lái jī pín jī ruò de zhōng guó dì yī cì zài yīcháng shēng sǐ cún wáng de mín zú zhàn zhēng zhōng qǔ dé shèng lì，
zhè chǎng shèng lì gǎi biàn liǎo zhōng huá mín zú de lì shǐ mìng yùn，
huàn xǐng liǎo chén shuì liǎo jǐ gè shì jì de zhōng guó。
lì shǐ xué jiā chén yín kè céng shuō :“
guó kě wáng，
shǐ bù kě miè”，
yīn wéi xiū shǐ“
xì wú mín zú jīng shén shàng shēng sǐ yī dà shì”。
zài 2005
nián
kàng rì zhàn zhēng shèng lì 60
zhōu nián zhī jì，
wǒ liǎo jiě zhè duàn bēi zhuàng '
ér kě gē kě qì de lì shǐ，
zuò wéi yī míng zhōng guó xué shēng，
wú yí shì zé wú bàng dài，
què yòu shì yī jiàn nán yǐ chéng zài de rèn wù。
tóng xué men，
zhàn shì men jiù shì zhè yàng pāo tóu lú，
sǎ rè xuè，
yòng hàn shuǐ hé xiān xuè huàn lái de xīn zhōng guó。
ràng wǒ men wù wàng guó chǐ，
hǎohǎo xué xí，
chéng wéi zǔ guó de dòng liáng zhī cái，
jiāng lái zhèn xīng zhōng huá！
gé mìng zhàn shì yǒng chuí bù xiǔ！
wǒ fēi cháng xǐ huān hé píng gē，
yīn wéi wǒ kàn dào liǎo tā men jiù xiàng shì kàn dào liǎo hé píng。
tā men bǎ hé píng de xī wàng dài dào liǎo měi yī gè hái zǐ de xīn zhōng，
shǐ wǒ de xīn dùn shí liàng liǎo qǐ lái，
tóng shí zài nà piàn měi hǎo de xīn tián shàng dǎ kāi liǎo yī shàn xīn líng de chuāng kǒu。
tōng guò nà shàn chuāng kǒu，
wǒ kàn dào liǎo guǎng kuò de lán tiān，
tiān shàng fēi mǎn liǎo chuán qíng de hé píng gē，
bǎ guān xīn yǔ sī niàn dài xiàng quán guó gè dì，
shǐ duì fāng xīn zhōng xiàng diǎn liǎo nuǎn lú yī yàng wēn nuǎn、
qiè yì。
dào chù dū kāi zhe xiàng zhēng zhe hé píng de xiān huā，
shì jiè shàng de yī qiēdōu hū huàn zhe hé píng de měi hǎo。
hū rán，
yī shēng qiāng xiǎng，
dǎ pò liǎo hé píng de níng jìng。
zhàn zhēng kāi shǐ liǎo，
dùn shí，
tiān shàng wū yún mì bù，
yī shēng yòu yī shēng de jù xiǎng wēi xié zhe yī duǒ yòu yī duǒ jiāo nèn de hé píng zhī huā。
niǎo '
ér men bèi yān huǒ xùnzhe，
bèi yī kē kē wú qíng de zǐ dàn dǎ dé biàn tǐ lín shāng。
cǐ shí，
xiǎo hái de kū shēng、
rén men de hū hǎn shēng yǔ wàn líng de jiào shēng jiāo zá chéng yī piàn。
tā men kě wàng hé píng yā！
kě shì，
zǐ dàn yǔ dà pào shì wú qíng de，
tā men hái shì bù tíng dì duó qù wú gū rén de shēng mìng。“
wèishénme yào kāi zhàn，
ràng shì jiè huī fù hé píng bā！
”
suǒ yòu de rén qǐ qiú zhe。
kě shì，
nà xiē guó jiā de lǐng dǎo rén hái shì zài wéi sī lì zhàn dǒu zhe。
dāng zhàn dǒu zàn shí tíng zhǐ shí，
wǒ kàn dào liǎo zhè yàng yī fú bēi cǎn de huà miàn：
xī rì měi lì de chéng shì biàn dé cǎn bù rěn dǔ。
yòu xiē rén bào zhe zì jǐ sǐ qù de qīn rén dà kū，
yòu xiē rén zé qí dǎo zhàn zhēng kuài diǎn '
ér jié shù。
jiù zhè yàng，
yī gè měi hǎo de dì fāng，
biàn chéng liǎo yī zuò chōng mǎn shā qì de dì yù。
hé píng gē fēi zǒu liǎo，
wǒ de xīn zhōng yě yòu liǎo yī dào wú fǎ quán yù de shāng kǒu。
shì jiè rén mín xū yào hé píng，
tíng zhǐ zhàn zhēng，
ràng hé píng yǒng zhù rén jiān bā！
2.
bù néng wàng jì de guò qù --
fǎn fǎ xī sī zhàn zhēng shèng lì 60
zhōu nián
liù shí nián qián，
fǎ guó，
nuò màn dǐ，
yóu tā hǎi tān，
yī duì yòu yī duì de měi guó yǔ yīng guó shì bīng mào zhe qiāng lín dàn yǔ xiàng qián fāng de diāo bǎo chōng qù，
yī gè jiē zhe yī gè de zhàn shì dǎo xià liǎo，
réng rán yòu rén nà hǎn zhe xiàng qián bēn páo，
piàn kè，
xiān xuè rǎn hóng liǎo zhěng gè hǎi tān……
liù shí nián qián，
sū lián，
sī dà lín gé lè，
qián xiàn，
yī liàng yòu yī liàng díkǎ chē zài zhe gāng cóng xùn liàn yíng lǐ chū lái de xīn bīng，
jūn guān zài chē shàng hǎn zhe：“
wǒ men bù xū yào huó zhe de táo bīng！”
huà yīn gāng luò，
jiù yòu yī méi dàn piàn jī chuān tā de tóu lú。
xīn bīng men bèi gǎn xià chē，
yòu de rén ná dào qiāng zhī，
yòu de rén zé zhǐ ná zhe zǐ dàn，
kuò yīn qì lǐ bù duàn dì chóngfù yī jù huà：“
méi yòu ná dào qiāng de，
gēn zài yòu qiāng de hòu miàn，
yòu qiāng de tóng zhì xī shēng liǎo，
méi yòu qiāng de tóng zhì jiù ná qǐ tā de qiāng，
jì xù chōng fēng……”
liù shí nián qián，
zhōng guó，
dōng běi，
mǒu gè cūn zhuāng，
wǎn shàng，
yī míng guāng zhe bǎng zǐ de zhōng nián rén fú zhèng liǎo guà zhe yī bǎ hán guāng shǎn shǎn de dà dāo de dài zǐ，
zhuǎn guò shēn duì zhe yī qún cūn mín，
qí zhōng yòu shí jǐ suì de xiǎo huǒ zǐ，
yě yòu tóu fā bān bái de lǎo zhě，
tā men tóng yàng bēizhe dà dāo。
nà zhōng nián rén shuō：“
dōuméi ràng jiā lǐ rén zhī dào bā？”
zhòng réndōu chén mò bù yǔ，
zhōng nián rén bǎ shǒu yī huī，“
nà zǒu bā。”
bàn gè shí chén hòu，
rì jūn jī dì lǐ cǎn jiào shēng、
qiāng pào shēng hé jīn shǔ pèng zhuàng de shēng yīn jiē lián bù duàn，
yuè guāng yìng zài dāo rèn shàng yě yòu liǎo bēi fèn de sè cǎi，
suí zhe dāo de huī dòng bù tíng dì shǎn yào。
suí zhe zuì hòu yī shēng qiāng xiǎng，
zài yě zhǎo bù dào dì miàn shàng de yuè guāng……
zhàn zhēng，
chú liǎo sǐ wáng hé huǐ miè，
shénme dōubù néng dài gěi wǒ men。
zhàn zhēng gěi wǒ men liú xià liǎo cǎn tòng de jì yì，
yě liú xià liǎo yīng xióng，
wèile zhèng yì yǔ hé píng '
ér xiàn shēn de yīng xióng，
wǒ men wú fǎ wàng jì，
wàng jì zhàn zhēng，
wàng jì sǐ wáng yǔ huǐ miè，
gèng bù néng、
bù yìng wàng jì zhàn zhēng zhōng de yīng xióng men，
shì tā men jié shù liǎo zhàn zhēng，
tíng zhǐ liǎo huǐ miè，
yòng tā men de sǐ wáng，
dài tì liǎo bié rén de sǐ wáng。
zhàn zhēng jié shù liǎo，
jiù ràng wǒ men lái jì niàn chén shuì de yīng xióng。
liù shí nián hòu de jīn tiān，
fǎ guó，
nuò màn dǐ，
yóu tā hǎi tān，
dāng nián zài cǐ yù xuè fèn zhàn de lǎo bīng，
chuān shàng liǎo guà mǎn xūn zhāng de jūn zhuāng，
zǒu zài lù shàng，
rén men xiàng tā men hècǎi，
wèitā men huān hū，
tóng shí tā men yě fā xiàn，
lǎo bīng men de xiào róng rú cǐ chén zhòng……
liù shí nián hòu de jīn tiān，
é luó sī，
mò sī kē hóng chǎng，
zhè lǐ shì qìng zhù，
huò xǔ yīnggāi shuō jì niàn '
èr zhàn shèng lì liù shí zhōu nián de zhù yào chǎng suǒ，
lái zì quán shì jiè de yīng xióng men，
shòu dào gè guó lǐng dǎo rén zūn jìng、
zàn sòng。
liù shí nián hòu de jīn tiān，
zhōng guó，
dōng běi，
mǒu gè xiǎo zhèn，
yī gè bān de xué shēng，
zài yī wèi bā shí duō suì de lǎo rén de dài lǐng xià，
lái dào liǎo yī zuò jì niàn bēi xià，
lǎo rén jiǎng shù liǎo dāng nián zì jǐ shā dí、
xìng cún、
táo tuō de jīng lì，
yǐ rán shì jī dòng bù yǐ，
tā chàng qǐ liǎo nà shǒu lìng tā rè xuè fèi téng de gē：“
dà dāo xiàng dí rén tóu shàng kǎn qù……”
xué shēng men liú lèi liǎo……
jì niàn，
wèile bù néng wàng jì de guò qù。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng shèng lì zhāo shì mín zú zhèn xīng
kàng rì zhàn zhēng，
shì 100
duō nián lái zhōng guó rén mín fǎn duì wài dí rù qīn dì yī cì qǔ dé wán quán shèng lì de mín zú jiě fàng zhàn zhēng。
máo zé dōng céng yǐ qì tūn shān hé zhī shì xiàng shì rén xuān chēng：
zhōng guó de kàng rì zhàn zhēng shì“
zhàn zhēng shǐ shàng de qí guān，
zhōng huá mín zú de zhuàng jǔ，
jīng tiān dòng dì de wěi yè”。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng shì zhōng huá mín zú cóng shuāi bài zǒu xiàng zhèn xīng de yī gè zhòng dà lì shǐ zhuǎn zhé。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng de shèng lì，
shǐ zhōng guó yǐ qí yīngyǒu de zuò yòng hé dì wèi zǒu xiàng shì jiè，
zhè shì zhōng huá mín zú zhèn xīng de liáng hǎo kāi duān。
yī gè mín zú yào zǒu xiàng zhèn xīng，
jiù bì xū zhèng tuō jiā suǒ zǒu xiàng shì jiè，
zhēng qǔ guó jì róng yù，
zhēng qǔ guó jì dì wèi。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng de shèng lì，
dà dà tí gāo liǎo zhōng guó zài shì jiè shàng de shēng yù。
zhōng guó rén mín de yù xuè kàng zhàn bù jǐn shòu dào shì jiè rén mín de chóng jìng，
gèng zhòng yào de shì zì shēn dì wèi kōng qián tí gāo，
jù tǐ biǎo xiàn zài：
shǒu xiān，
fèi chú liǎo bù píng děng tiáo yuē。 1942
nián 10
yuè 9
rì，
yīng měi zhèng fǔ fēn bié tōng zhī zhōng guó zhèng fǔ，
shēng míng yuàn yì fàng qì zài huá zhì wài fǎ quán jí qí tā yòu guān quán yì。
zhī hòu，
jīng guò tán pàn，
yú 1943
nián 1
yuè 11
rì wán chéng liǎo zhōng měi、
zhōng yīng xīn yuē，
bìng yú shì rì fēn bié zài huá shèng dùn hé chóngqìng qiān zì。
yīng měi liǎng guó qǔ xiāo bù píng děng tiáo yuē，
cù shǐ zài zhōng guó xiǎng yòu tè quán de guó jiā fǎng xiào。
qí cì，
shōu huí liǎo dà bù fēn shī dì。
yóu yú zhàn zhēng de shèng lì，
bù dàn shōu huí liǎo kàng zhàn yǐ lái bèi rì běn qīn zhàn de dà piàn lǐng tǔ，
ér qiě guāng fù liǎo yǐ bèi rì běn gē zhàn bàn gè shì jì de tái wān、
péng hú liè dǎo，
chú liǎo xiāng gǎng、
ào mén wài，
yī qiē yóu dì guó zhù yì zū jiè huò zhàn lǐng de lǐng tǔ jūn bèi shōu huí。
wài guó liè qiáng jué zì zhōng guó de zhí mín dì，
zhōng yòu huí dào zǔ guó huái bào。
zài cì，
zhōng guó zài guó jì shì wù zhōng de zuò yòng dé dào jiā qiáng。 1942
nián 1
yuè 1
rì，
zhōng guó yǐ zhòng yào chéng yuán guó de shēn fèn qiān shǔ liǎo《
lián hé guó jiā xuān yán》。 1942
nián 11
yuè 22
rì，
zhōng guó zhèng fǔ zuò wéi zhàn zhēng zhōng de sān gè dà guó zhī yī yǔ yīng měi gòng tóng cān jiā liǎo kāi luó huì yì，
zhè cì huì yì shì dì '
èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn qī jiān méng guó yán jiū yǔ què dìng duì rì zuò zhàn，
chǔlǐ zhàn hòu rì běn wèn tí de zhòng yào huì yì。 1945
nián 4
yuè 25
rì zhì 6
yuè 26
rì，
yóu zhōng、
sū、
měi、
yīng 4
guó fā qǐ，
yāo qǐng《
lián hé guó jiā xuān yán》
de qiān zì guó hé cān jiā guó de dài biǎo，
zài měi guó jiù jīn shān jǔ xíng liǎo lián hé guó zhì xiàn huì yì。
cóng cǐ，
zhōng guó zuò wéi lián hé guó de fā qǐ guó zhī yī '
ér zài rù shǐ cè，
zhōng guó hái chéng wéi zhè gè zuì guǎng fàn de guó jì zǔ zhì de '
ān quán lǐ shì huì 5
gè cháng rèn lǐ shì guó zhī yī。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng qī jiān，
zhōng huá mín zú shí xiàn liǎo zì mín guó yǐ lái yī zhí wèi néng shí xiàn de tǒng yī yǔ tuán jié，
zhè shì mín zú zhèn xīng de zhòng yào qián tí。
yī gè mín zú yào zǒu xiàng zhèn xīng lí bù kāi yī gè zhòng yào de qián tí，
jí mín zú de dà tuán jié。
kàng zhàn qián de zhōng guó zhèng zhì wǔ tái shàng huó yuè zhe gè zhǒng zhèng zhì shì lì。
chú liǎo guó gòng zhī jiān de duì lì hé zhàn zhēng wài，
hái yòu guó mín dǎng gè pài xì zhī jiān，
zhōng yāng zhèng fǔ hé gè dì fāng shí lì pài zhī jiān de dǒu zhēng，
dì fāng shí lì pài xiāng hù zhī jiān yě shì nǐ zhēng wǒ duó，
hùn zhàn bù yǐ。
zài shān hé pò suì，
dà dí dāng qián de qíng kuàng xià，
zhōng huá mín zú gè zhǒng zhèng zhì lì liàng、
gè gè jiē jí zhōng yú bìng qì chéng jiàn，
gòng tóng tuán jié zài kàng rì jiù guó de qí zhì xià，
jié chéng guǎng fàn de tǒng yī zhàn xiàn，
gòng tóng kàng jī mín zú dí rén，
shí xiàn liǎo zhōng huá mín zú de zì wǒ zhèn xīng。
guó gòng liǎng dà dǎng de hé zuò shì quán mín zú tuán jié de guān jiàn。
guó gòng liǎng dǎng yuán xiān chǔyú nǐ sǐ wǒ huó de dǒu zhēng zhī zhōng，
dàn zài mín zú zé rèn gǎn de qū shǐ xià，
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng zhù dòng gǎi biàn cè lüè，
yī zài tí chū tuán jié kàng rì de zhù zhāng，
bìng wéi kàng rì mín zú tǒng yī zhàn xiàn de shí xiàn bù xī zuò chū zhòng dà ràng bù。
guó mín dǎng kāi shǐ zé wán gù jiān chí“
rǎng wài bì xiān '
ān nèi”
de fǎn gòng zhèng cè，
dàn zài guó nèi wài gè zhǒng lì liàng de zuò yòng xià，
zhōng yú jiē shòu jiàn lì kàng rì mín zú tǒng yī zhàn xiàn de zhù zhāng，
tóng gòng chǎn dǎng yī qǐ zhàn dǒu，
xíng chéng zhōng guó jūn duì yī zhì tuán jié zài kàng rì dà qí xià gòng tóng duì dí de xīn jú miàn。
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng zài kàng rì zhàn zhēng zhōng dé dào duàn liàn，
gèng jiā chéng shú，
gèng jiā jiān qiáng，
zhèng zhì wēi wàng kōng qián tí gāo，
chéng wéi zhōng huá mín zú zǒu xiàng zhèn xīng de zhù yào lǐng dǎo lì liàng。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng zhōng，
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng zhì dìng liǎo yī xì liè fú hé zhōng guó shí jì de lù xiàn、
fāng zhēn、
zhèng cè。
lú gōu qiáo de pào shēng yī xiǎng，
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng lì jí hào zhào quán tǐ dǎng yuán hé quán guó rén mín yī zhì fèn qǐ，
kāi zhǎn shén shèng de mín zú zì wèi zhàn zhēng。
bù jiǔ，
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng zhì dìng bìng fā biǎo liǎo《
kàng rì jiù guó shí dà gāng lǐng》，
tí chū bì xū fā dòng quán mín zú cān jiā kàng zhàn de wán quán zhèng què de quán miàn kàng zhàn lù xiàn。
tóng shí，
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng hái cóng dǒu zhēng de shí jì chū fā，
tí chū fǎn duì jiào tiáo zhù yì、
fǎn duì guān mén zhù yì，
jiān chí bǎ mǎ kè sī zhù yì pǔ biàn yuán lǐ yìng yòng yú kàng rì zhàn zhēng de jù tǐ shí jiàn。
zài mín zú máo dùn yǔ jiē jí máo dùn jiāo zhì zuò yòng de qíng kuàng xià，
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng jiān chí kàng rì mín zú tǒng yī zhàn xiàn zhōng dú lì zì lì de yuán zé，
biǎo xiàn liǎo yī gè chéng shú zhèng dǎng de ruì zhì。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng zào jiù liǎo wǒ guó yī dài kē jì rén cái，
tā men shì zhōng huá mín zú zhèn xīng de bǎo guì cái fù。
dà pī kē jì rén yuán jù jí zhàn shí dà hòu fāng，
mái tóu kǔ gān，
qián xīn kē yán，
yùn cáng zài tā men shēn shàng de jù dà de '
ài guó yǔ xiàn shēn rè qíng，
chéng wéi tuī dòng zhōng huá mín zú kē jì jìn bù de zhí jiē dòng lì。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng zào jiù liǎo zhěng zhěng yī dài kē xué rén cái。
lǐ sì guāng、
máo yǐ shēng、
zhú kě zhēn、
zhōu péi yuán、
wú dà yóu、
yán jì cí、
lú jiā xī、
sū bù qīng、
huá luó gēng děng yè wù gǔgàn zhú bù chéng wéi xué kē dài tóu rén。
tā men bù jǐn zì jǐ qián xīn zuānyán，
ér qiě zhòng shì péi yǎng qīng nián kē jì rén cái。
zhōng yāng yán jiū yuàn dì zhì yán jiū suǒ suǒ cháng lǐ sì guāng dài lǐng kē yán rén yuán duì guǎng xī、
hú nán xī bù、
hú běi xī bù jí jiāng xī、
fú jiàn děng dì qū dì zhì kuàng chǎn jìn xíng shí dì kǎo chá，
bìng cǎi jí biāo běn，
hái huì zhì chū guǎng xī '
èr shí wàn fēn zhī yī de dì zhì tú。
xī nán lián dà wù lǐ xì jiào shòu wú dà yóu zài“
yán jiū gōng zuò háo bù zhèng cháng”
de qíng kuàng xià，
xiě chū zhuān zhù《
duō yuán fēn zǐ zhī jié gòu jí qí zhèn dòng guāng pǔ》
jí 19
piān lùn wén，
jìn xíng liǎo guāng pǔ xué shí yàn。
zhè jiāng dà xué xiào cháng、
zhù míng kē xué jiā zhú kě zhēn zài kàng zhàn qī jiān fā biǎo liǎo jìn 40
piān wén zhāng，
dì lǐ xué、
qì xiàng xué、
wù lǐ xué děng xué kē yán jiū dū qǔ dé jiào dà jìn zhǎn。
kàng rì zhàn zhēng shèng lì de lì shǐ zhāo shì wǒ men：
zhōng guó rén mín jì rán néng yǐ jiān kǔ zhuó jué de nǔ lì，
yíng dé mín zú jiě fàng zhàn zhēng de shèng lì，
yě yī dìng néng gòu zài zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng de lǐng dǎo xià，
shí xiàn zhōng huá mín zú xīn de zhèn xīng。
zuò wéi yī gè zhōng guó gōng mín，
yī gè pí fū huáng rú tǔ dì、
jì yì cháng rú suì dào de yán huáng wén míng de chéng jì zhě hé xiǎng shòu zhě，
miàn duì mǒu xiē xiān bèi mǒu duàn bìng bù yáo yuǎn de lì shǐ ......
qī yuè qī rì，
tā dài biǎo liǎo chén zhòng、
chén tòng、
chén sī，
tā yǐ yī zhǒng xuè huǒ gòu lián de fāng shì，
yǐ yī zhǒng xiāo yān mí màn、
kū shēng yǔ nù hǒu jiāo xiāng yìng chèn de fāng shì，
yǐ gē chànghè jué bié de fāng shì，
yǐ pūdǎo、
zhēngzhá、
jì zhī '
ér qǐ de bēi zhuàng zī tài cún zài zhe。
qī yuè qī rì，
zhè yī tiān wǒ yīnggāi zuò diǎn shénme，
wǒ bì xū zuò diǎn shénme，
yīn wéi tā zhī yú yī gè zhōng guó gōng mín，
jiù xiàng zhèn tòng zhī yú xīn shēng，
fēn miǎn zhī yú mǔ qīn。
shì de，
wǒ jiāng chóngwēn lì shǐ，
ràng tā cóng wǎn píng chéng、
lú gōu qiáo de nà yī yè kāi shǐ fān qǐ，
cóng 29
jūn 37
shī 219
tuán hái jī de qiāng shēng zhōng kāi shǐ xún zhǎo，
wǒ de kě jìng zǔ bèi men fèng xiàn hé chuàng zào de lì shǐ róng guāng。
qī yuè qī rì，
wǒ bì xū ràng fú zào xū huá de xīn zài tā miàn qián chén jìng xià lái，
yīn wéi wǒ shì yī gè yòu xuè yòu lèi、
yòu tòng yòu lè、
yòu qū rǔ yǔ róng guāng de zhōng guó gōng mín。
bàn suí lí míng qīng fēng de chuī fú，
wǒ jiāng pěng qǐ yī shǒu zhàn dǒu shǐ shī，
yī shǒu gāng gāng bèi cóng lì shǐ de chén '
āi zhōng dǎ lāo chū de wú míng shì zhī gē，
tā shì xiě gěi dāng nián zhàn dǒu zài zuì qián xiàn de 29
jūn de wěi dà sòng cí：“
lú gōu qiáo、
lú gōu qiáo，
nán '
ér fén mù zài cǐ qiáo，
wěi qū rěn tòng hé píng bǎo，
wú kě bì miǎn shàng cì dāo，
zì wèi yìng zhàn lǐ qì zhuàng，
tǐng jiàn '
ér qǐ shì jīnzhāo。
lú gōu qiáo、
lú gōu qiáo，
lì gōng bào guó zài cǐ qiáo！”
zài tā de xióng zhuàng jié zòu hé yīn yùn gǔ dòng xià，
wǒ méi yòu lǐ yóu bù kàng fèn，
méi yòu lǐ yóu bù luò lèi，
jiāng yī gè nán rén de lèi，
xiàn gěi wéi zǔ guó '
ér zhàn、
wéi hé píng '
ér zhàn、
wéi lǐ xiǎng '
ér zhàn de guāng róng xiān bèi，
zhè shì yī zhǒng róng yào，
shì wǒ zuò wéi zhōng guó gōng mín de mò dà róng xìng。
wǒ qī dài chuān yuè shí kōng de xīn líng gǎn zhī，
qī dài zì jǐ bèi wù zhì wén míng pào ruǎn de xīn néng xiàng tā men yī yàng jiān qiáng hé jiān rèn、
zhí zhù '
ér wú wèi。
zài lú gōu qiáo de shí shī zhù shì xià，
nà piàn lì shǐ zhèn tòng zhī dì，
guó mín jué xǐng zhī dì，
zhàn shì fèn qǐ zhī dì，
wǒ men yòu zé rèn dài zhe yī kē fù jiù de xīn，
qù nà '
ér píng diào，
qù nà '
ér miǎn huái，
yòng xīn hé hún qù fǔ mō yǔ tiào wàng。
dāng xī yáng xiàng xiān bèi de bèi yǐng yī yàng tóu guà zài wǒ men de liǎn shàng，
dāng xià rì zhī fēng guǒ zhe gāng liè chuán qí de gù shì pū miàn '
ér zhì，
wǒ men yào yòng yī kē gǎn '
ēn de xīn qù gōng hòu yǔ yíng jiē ,
xiàng yī zuò shí shī yī yàng xiàng tā、
xiàng tā men zhì jìng ,
yǒng yuǎn，
yǒng yuǎn .......
yīn wéi zhè shì bù néng wàng què de jì yì !
jì niàn kàng zhàn shèng lì 60
zhōu nián
xiàn zài ,
wǒ men de shēng huó shí fēn měi hǎo。
kě nǐ，
shì fǒu xiǎng guò，
xiàn zài de xìng fú shēng huó lái de？
zhè kě shì zhàn shì yòng zì jǐ gǔn tàng gǔn tàng de xiān xuè huàn lái de。
zhè gè dài jià tài dà liǎo！
jīn tiān，
ràng wǒ men lái gù guò qù de diǎn diǎn dī dī bā！
zài kàng rì zhàn zhēng shǐ wén zhāng zhōng，
wǒ kàn dào liǎo pào huǒ lián tiān、
nóng yān gǔn gǔn de zhàn chǎng。
yī gè gè mǎn shēn xiān xuè、
hàn liú jiā bèi、
fèn lì pīn bó de bā lù jūn zhàn shì men。
wàn shān cóng zhōng，
qīng shā zhàng lǐ，
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng lǐng dǎo de dí hòu kàng rì yóu jī jiàn '
ér dào chù chěng yīng háo；
yàn líng duì、
dí hòu wǔ gōng duì、
tiě dào yóu jī duì，
dì dào zhàn、
dì léi zhàn、
má què zhàn……
shǐ jiāo kuáng yī shí de rì běn qīn lüè zhě xiàn rù dào dí hòu rén mín zhàn zhēng de wāng yáng dà hǎi。
wǒ hái kàn dào liǎo 19
lù jūn zǔ zhì de“
gǎn sǐ duì”
chū fā qián jiē shòu zhǎngguān de zhǐ shì。
jiē zhe，“
yī、
èr bā”
de zhàn huǒ shǒu xiān zài zhá běi rán shāo。
yī gè gè 19
lù jūn chén zhe yìng zhàn。
wǒ hái kàn dào kàng zhàn 1
yuè 27
rì wǔ hòu，
rì jūn zhǔn bèi kāi huǒ de xiāo xī shǐ zhù zài běi sì chuān lù yī dài de shàng hǎi jū mín fēn fēn yǒng xiàng zū jiè bìnàn。
zuì hòu，
cài yán kǎi jūn cháng lín qián xiàn zhǐ huī……
“
sōng hù huì zhàn”
zhōng“
bā bǎi zhuàng shì”
de zhōng zhēn jiǎng zhāng，“
xuè zhàn tái '
ér zhuāng”
de shā dí dà dāo，“
wǔ hàn huì zhàn”
zhōng bì dí 3000
yú rén de wàn jiā lǐng dà jié zhōng jiǎo huò de zhàn lì pǐn……
kàng zhàn chū qī，
guó mín dǎng shù bǎi wàn jūn duì duì rì jūn jìn gōng jìn xíng liǎo zhèng miàn zuò zhàn，
gěi rì jūn yǐ chén zhòng dǎ jī，
fěn suì liǎo rì běn jūn guó zhù yì zhě“
sù zhàn sù jué”
de měi mèng。
“
kàng rì zé shēng，
bù kàng rì zé sǐ，
kàng rì jiù guó，
yǐ chéng wéi měi gè tóng bāo de shén shèng tiān zhí！”“
píng jīn wēi jí！
huá běi wēi jí！
zhōng huá mín zú wēi jí！
zhǐ yòu quán mín zú shí xíng kàng zhàn，
cái shì wǒ men de chū lù。”“
jiān chí kàng zhàn，
jiān chí chí jiǔ zhàn，
jiān chí tǒng yī zhàn xiàn，
zuì hòu shèng lì bì rán shì zhōng guó de。”
zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng，
shuài xiān chuī xiǎng kàng zhàn de hào jiǎo。 1937
nián“
qī qī shì biàn”
bào fā。
zài zhōng guó gòng chǎn dǎng de jī jí nǔ lì hé tuī dòng xià，
guó gòng liǎng dǎng pāo qì '
ēn yuàn zài cì zǒu dào yī qǐ，
zhōng huá mín zú quán miàn shén shèng kàng zhàn cóng cǐ yǐ liáo yuán zhī shì rán shāo qǐ lái。
zhè chǎng zài 1945
nián 9
yuè 3
rì yíng dé de zhàn zhēng shèng lì quán rán bù tóng yǐ wǎng 110
nián qián de jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng。
cóng 1840
nián kāi shǐ dào kàng rì zhàn zhēng shèng lì de 105
nián jiān，
jīhū suǒ yòu de dà zhōng xiǎo dì guó zhù yì guó jiādōu qīn lüè guò zhōng guó，
ér wǒ men wéi yī yíng dé de，
jiù shì 60
nián qián de nà chǎng shèng lì。
nà shì jìn 100
nián lái jī pín jī ruò de zhōng guó dì yī cì zài yīcháng shēng sǐ cún wáng de mín zú zhàn zhēng zhōng qǔ dé shèng lì，
zhè chǎng shèng lì gǎi biàn liǎo zhōng huá mín zú de lì shǐ mìng yùn，
huàn xǐng liǎo chén shuì liǎo jǐ gè shì jì de zhōng guó。
lì shǐ xué jiā chén yín kè céng shuō :“
guó kě wáng，
shǐ bù kě miè”，
yīn wéi xiū shǐ“
xì wú mín zú jīng shén shàng shēng sǐ yī dà shì”。
zài 2005
nián
kàng rì zhàn zhēng shèng lì 60
zhōu nián zhī jì，
wǒ liǎo jiě zhè duàn bēi zhuàng '
ér kě gē kě qì de lì shǐ，
zuò wéi yī míng zhōng guó xué shēng，
wú yí shì zé wú bàng dài，
què yòu shì yī jiàn nán yǐ chéng zài de rèn wù。
tóng xué men，
zhàn shì men jiù shì zhè yàng pāo tóu lú，
sǎ rè xuè，
yòng hàn shuǐ hé xiān xuè huàn lái de xīn zhōng guó。
ràng wǒ men wù wàng guó chǐ，
hǎohǎo xué xí，
chéng wéi zǔ guó de dòng liáng zhī cái，
jiāng lái zhèn xīng zhōng huá！
gé mìng zhàn shì yǒng chuí bù xiǔ！
zhàn zhēng shì bào tú
yòu guān zhàn zhēng de míng yán
yòng bīng zhī dào，
gōng xīn wéi shàng，
gōng chéng wéi xià；
xīn zhàn wéi shàng，
bīng zhàn wéi xià。 (
sān guó ·
zhū gé liàng )
shì gù bǎi zhàn bǎi shèng，
fēi shàn zhī shàn zhě yě；
bù zhàn '
ér qū rén zhī bīng，
shàn zhī shàn zhě yě。 (
chūn qiū ·
sūn wǔ )
dé dào zhě duō zhù，
shī dào zhě guǎ zhù。 (
zhàn guó ·
mèng zǐ )
tiān shí bù rú dì lì，
dì lì bù rú rén hé。 (
zhàn guó ·
mèng zǐ )
shèng fù bīng jiā zhī cháng，
shàn yòng bīng zhě néng yīn bài wéi chéng。 (
jìn ·
zhāng fāng )
wéi yòu sǐ zhě fāng kě kàn dào zhàn zhēng jié shù。 (
xī là ·
bólātú )
zhèng yì méi yòu wǔ lì shì wú néng；
wǔ lì méi yòu zhèng yì shì bào zhèng。 (
fǎ guó ·
bā sī kǎ )
bīng mín shì shèng lì zhī běn。 (
máo zé dōng )
dí jìn wǒ tuì，
dí tuì wǒ zhuī，
dí zhù wǒ rǎo，
dí pí wǒ dǎ。 (
máo zé dōng )
War between the political groups, ethnic (tribal), with the national struggle between the highest form of conflict is a dispute the highest and most violent of means, usually the quickest most effective solution.
Can also be interpreted as the use of violent means on the order of destruction and maintenance, collapse and reconstruction. All times of war, no exceptions.
Since the emergence of mankind, it has not stopped; war with the social revolution, bringing a new pattern. The ancient war between various tribes, to promote national integration and state formation, is also the direct cause of great national movement; country's internal war between different ethnic groups, to promote national independence and the birth of new countries; country's internal political groups war, to bring about regime change, as civil war.
Comparison of war and armed conflict against the form of war showed, first, the cruelty, both by all available means to attack the other side of violence; two devastating against time to destroy the other party the expense of the party; third purpose until the other side to achieve the objective; Fourth, persistence, conventional war, it lasted for years or decades, modern high-tech war going on for several months to several years. Any war have been the planning and preparation.
War-related terms for the war zone, combat vehicles, combat, tactical, battle, battlefield, prisoners of war, strategic, tactical reconnaissance, war, war reparations, war crimes.
See
Peace - Justice - social revolution
Military - strategist
War - campaign - fighting
Cold War - the arms race
Civil war
Military confrontation - armed conflict
Weapons - weapons
China's history of war
Competitive struggle
List of World War
The nature of war
Is the opposing sides in order to achieve certain political, economic purposes of the armed struggle. War in class society, is used to solve the class and class, ethnic and national, state and national, political groups and the conflict between political groups the highest forms of struggle. It is the continuation of politics by violent means, is politics with bloodshed.
Everyone
Yearning for peace
The origin of war
War appeared in the late primitive society. According to archaeological evidence indicating that the first war in the early Stone Age. This shows, the human population from the original to the present, about 23 million years Di history, the history of war to a Wan Nian Hai Bu (Shu Shang Ling Yi argument million years). War is primitive clan or tribal alliances between tribes, to fight for the survival of the land, rivers, forests and other natural wealth, even to rush marriage, blood revenge and ethnic conflict, and then evolved into a primitive state of war. This war is a war with the class society is essentially different. It does not have a political purpose and class oppression, the nature of slavery, war captives, not kill, is eaten. Later, with the productivity and development of animal husbandry replaced matriarchy patriarchy, agriculture, handicrafts, with the development of commodity production, with surplus production of goods, with private property owners and slaves there, bud private ownership, class, to "the ancient tribes of the tribal war, has begun to degenerate into looting of livestock on land and sea, the slave and the ongoing looting of treasures, into a normal make a living." ("Karl Marx and Engels Military Collection" II, p. 413) become more frequent in the war, driven by the disintegration of primitive mankind entered the slave society. Since then, the war became a political tool, the highest means of class struggle. Private ownership, class oppression, and economic conflicts of interest, as the basic causes of war. Predatory and anti-exploitation, oppression and anti-oppression, aggression, and aggression, hegemony and counter hegemony, expansion and anti expansion of the war, has become a special class society, an inevitable phenomenon. 80 to the 20th century, in a 3500 years of recorded time, there were over 14,531 world wars. Imperialism, hegemony is the root of modern war. In the present and future, the factors that lead to war are diverse, chief of which are competing spheres of influence, territorial disputes, boundary disputes, plundering of strategic resources, competition for the market, ideological struggles, religious conflicts, ethnic conflicts, etc., these factors is the direct result of modern warfare.
Classification of the war
War, war and injustice into justice, war, war is a political purpose by the decision. Just war include: the slave uprising peasants, the peasants the revolutionary war, class war of liberation, wars of national liberation, anti-aggression, self-defense, war and so on. Just war is a fight for the interests of the people, the community plays a huge role in promoting the development of historical development of the locomotive. In contrast, an unjust war include: hegemony of war, counter-revolutionary war, colonial wars, imperialist war, a war of aggression, etc., is to safeguard the interests of the exploiting class and the reactionary class politics, and contrary to the fundamental interests of the people community development, is push people into disasters of war. If the Japanese invasion of China, from the "918 Incident" to the Japanese surrender, in 14 years time, causing the Chinese people tremendous disaster, the Chinese military and civilian casualties number more than 3,500 people, China's official property damage and war consumed more than 1,000 billion U.S. dollars, 500 billion U.S. dollars in indirect economic losses. Support a just war against an unjust war, this is our fundamental attitude towards the war.
Future war, will be the main local war, but the world does not eliminate the danger of war. Warfare will continue to conventional war-based, but can not rule out the possibility of using nuclear weapons. War, the general trend is to continue to develop in the direction of high-tech. With the emerging high-tech weapons will be the emergence of new branches may arise from the "space forces" to the "days of war" and by "deep-sea combat troops" in the deep sea or submarine warfare; "robot equipped with force" Intelligent robots will be war; electronic warfare, information war will show their talents; visible confrontation, intense infrared countermeasure race. This trend, the war will change the traditional style and methods of warfare; war sudden, destructive brutality, destruction and war will be an unprecedented increase consumption; the war depends on the overall national strength increased, war, security task more difficult; operational command, operational coordination, communication support will be more complex and difficult. Above all, strong demand to create new theory of war, strategy and tactics. High-tech war on people of the military, politics, culture and scientific knowledge, can command a higher demand. Familiar with modern scientific knowledge and technology wise and brave people who will control the determinants of high-tech victory.
World war the possibility of being stopped, but did not eliminate risk. As long as people of the world work together to develop the forces of peace and war, the power constraints, we can delay or stop the new world war. War is bound to extinction. Only people around the world work together to achieve communism, to completely eliminate the root causes of the war, the war dead, so that mankind has entered the permanent peace of heaven.
Chinese ancient books called the war for the war, war, sign, cutting, soldiers. Warring States period, Bingshu "Wu" already has a "war". History of the war and its causes generated a variety of different views. Naturalism War scholars believe that war is rooted in the natural environment and human biological nature, and that war is natural and eternal phenomenon. Religious war commentators say that war is God's punishment, and with supernatural power to explain the causes of war. Racist believes that the causes of war is the difference between the pros and cons of national. Geo Politics of Modern scholars believe that the war is based on the geographical environment, that is, competition for living space and natural resources will certainly arise. Malthusian view that, overpopulation and hunger is the real reason for war. Historical materialism that the war never had neither, nor is eternal, and war is the social productive forces and production relations developed to a certain stage of the product, is in private ownership is produced, Sui Zhao class and the state of formation, Chuxianyapo and oppressed only appear. There are various types of war history, including aggression and self-defense war; just wars and unjust wars, traditional war and modern warfare; local wars and world wars and many other types.
World War II Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor the United States, followed by the United States declared war on Japan
Humanity today is in a new era of technological revolution. The rapid development of science and technology, the global deepening of social interaction and expansion of the war occurred, the development has a significant effect. Not only the traditional cold war weapon of war by the transition to a hot weapon of war, but also the impact of the war range from local to global expansion. Correspondingly, the peace force to stop the war and also the continuous development of technical means, war is also from the purely military aptitude political, economic and technical development.
In human history, war has always been spread, and form a unique human history chapter. According to statistics, from the earth 5,000 years since the emergence of civilization, the human has undergone more than 15,000 war, there are several million people were killed in the war, in which more than 5,000 years, the human race 500 years of living in a peaceful environment. In other words, every 100 years, humans have at least 90 years of living in a state of war.
Since the 90s of the 20th century, the world took place more than 100 war, which involved more than 90 countries ... ...
The typical first-generation warfare - two signs Caesar Britain. Characterized by the use of knives, arrows, spears and other cold weapons and heavy armor close combat.
The typical second-generation war - the Napoleonic Wars. Characterized by the invention of firearms, gunpowder, smooth-bore type device into the war.
The typical third-generation warfare - two world wars. Characterized by tanks, aircraft, ships, and modern transportation have all been used.
The typical fourth-generation warfare - United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima, Japan, characterized by destructive consequences of a total disaster.
The typical fifth-generation war - the Gulf War. Characterized by information technology, electronic, through the surgical precision strikes, launch high-precision long-range, large Click injury and defensive weapons, assault force, the new physical principle weapons.
On a new prospective study of world war
Young scholar Liu weeks in the "prophecy on the future of mankind," a paper presented on the World Unity and the Third World War in the forward-looking predictions. The prophecy reads as follows:
Predictions about the future of mankind
(A) of the world's future and unity of the human newborn. If not attributable to human extinction, it has to become new.
(B) the advent of economic globalization, the world unified by a vague vision, becomes a more and more clear close-range and irreversible historical trend.
(C) when the world can unity and reunification, decided on the contradictions of economic globalization and the development of these contradictions.
(D) the principal contradiction of economic globalization:
With the continuous deepening of economic globalization, the international trend of economic activity continued to strengthen, the economic activities between countries in the interaction, interdependence and increasingly interconnected. Therefore, countries in the coordination of economic activities has become increasingly important and more urgent. This means that under the conditions of economic globalization, economic development coordination between countries have become increasingly demanding.
On the other hand, with the deepening of economic globalization, the market is increasingly reflected in the global market, so competition is increasingly reflected in the global competition. Competition, globalization, the inevitable conflict between the capital countries growing more and more profoundly. Because of the deepening conflict intensified, the basis for coordination between countries is getting weaker. Therefore, the form sometimes Hui reflected in some countries to form some kind of alliance between operators to increase coordination, but the essence of such coordination allied countries, but yes coordination between Li Yong allies with the Union Wai national struggle. Therefore, global coordination, this coordination of the local nature of the increase, not to increase the performance of global coordination, but to reduce the performance of global coordination. Country some regional organizations (such as NATO, EU, ASEAN) role of Jia Jiang, which is precisely with the United Nations (Quan Qiu Xing Zuzhi) the role of the weakened, this era of economic globalization is the deterioration of global coordination Zuihao Note. So, on the one hand the times of economic globalization on the global coordination of economic development, more requirements, on the one hand is the world's economic activities are more inconsistent. This is the contradiction of economic globalization and development of various major foundation.
Specifically, the main contradiction of economic globalization are the following:
A contradiction in developed countries
(E) developed countries mostly in the relatively complete social welfare and social security system as a regulator of social class contradictions effective tools in the social class relations guarantee the Xiangdui harmony. However, social welfare and social security system, complete, and mainly relied on government's heavy taxes on businesses. Is mainly dependent on the capital class to pay the high taxes to the government, which relies on the capital class, the class of the working class concessions.
(6) However, the emergence and development of economic globalization will inevitably lead to social welfare and social security system, progressive and irreversible damage. Development of economic globalization, so that capitalists can be taken for granted in developed countries will be transferred to the low corporate taxes in developing countries, in order to avoid heavy domestic taxes. In this case, the developed countries, social welfare and social security system, which is bound to be the Internal Revenue's 减少 impact and 破坏.
(7) and this synchronization, as part of the corporate shift to low taxes in developing countries, will inevitably lead to rising domestic unemployment. Marked rise in the unemployment rate has increased staff to be hired, to be servants of the capitalists employ to increase mean there will be greater choice, and thus can hire lower paid staff. In this way, the hired class wages will continue to deteriorate and they often face the risk of unemployment.
Second, the conflicts in developing countries
(Ix) the current nature of economic globalization is the globalization of the developed countries, the developed countries, another name for economic expansion. Therefore, the current conditions of economic globalization, the world economy is operating, mainly reflected as follows: 1, developed countries, the influx of a large number of product markets in developing countries, and seek to gradually monopolize the market; 2, developed countries, labor-intensive enterprises and high polluting enterprises as well as an attempt to avoid heavy taxation of enterprises, large transfer to developing countries; 3, the developing countries only in energy, raw materials, primary products or some other high-tech products in the composition of the original limited product areas, only an edge, it may large-scale access to developed countries.
Therefore, economic globalization and the reality is: the developing countries more and more deeply into a developed country market, and the energy base of raw material base and the dumping of industrial waste landfill. So, that economic globalization is actually yes a "one-way degree of economic globalization", it is not the developing countries of economic globalization, Er Shi developed the economic globalization, the developed countries, another name for economic expansion.
(10) economic globalization, the economic expansion that is developed. This expansion, in the name of the global resource integration, so that economies of developing countries becoming more and more developed economies of the client, its national economic system become more and more deformed and fragile, more and more inseparable from the developed countries "Help." Thus, the intensity increasing in the developed countries, "help", the whole economic development of developing countries is getting worse, the international community is growing polarization, the gap between north and south. This is the current reality.
(11) as developed countries, the influx of products, compared to higher costs in developing countries, higher prices and lower quality products is rapidly losing its market. Many attempts to enter the international market to and competes with companies in developed countries and enterprises in a brutal market competition, in its door was within a flood of foreign products to squeeze the. (Developing countries have a more competitive form of "multinational corporations" the quantity and quality are very low).
(12) is not only the influx of products developed in developing countries, the capitalists have also developed the company, factories and mines open to developing countries. That the economic lifelines of the developing countries by the developed countries to gradually mastered.
(13) the bankruptcy of national industries in developing countries and by acquisition, resulting in mass unemployment. Of the workers, only a small number of foreign companies can be hired or joint ventures - as enterprises in developed countries is far less than the required staff needed to staff of national industry. Thus, the increase in unemployment in developing countries has become an inevitable phenomenon.
(14) the increase in unemployment, also brought the entire class wages were a decline in employment.
(15) developing countries generally lack the more complete social welfare and social security system. Therefore, the unemployed and the living environment of the class were hired only multiplied worse than in developed countries. This class of developing countries more than developed countries on the intensification of conflicts, violence was a spontaneous class struggle more vulnerable than the developed countries. Therefore, swept through the storm of class struggle in developing countries, developing countries will also be a general lack of ease because of its internal class contradictions of economic power, but occurred earlier than in developed countries.
The contradiction between the three developed and developing countries
(16) the current economic globalization, developed countries led economic globalization, the developed countries, another name for economic expansion. The early stages of this expansion, will give developing countries some superficial prosperity. But with the development and deepening of the economic lifelines of the developing countries will gradually be developed to master. Therefore, the essence of this expansion is the developed countries while developing economies in the merger, the new colonialism, but more irresponsible Terra Tragedy of colonialism, is wrapped with beautiful words pirate style colonial plunder. This is currently the international community to the rich getting richer, poor getting poorer in real source.
(17) Thus, the contradiction between developed and developing countries can not reconcile the contradictions.
(18) At present, the endless war in the Middle East situation, it is this contradictory result of the development. Israel Palestine war, the U.S. war in Iraq, etc., are developed in terms of its real bully looting developing countries, developing resistance to this oppressive plunder of war, is based on the fight and control the energy powerhouse of the war in the Middle East .
(19) such a war, the future will be increased, rather than the less continue. Reasons for the war will become more diverse, but no matter how many parcels lies real face of war, only makes the true nature and consequences of the war, more and more real clear.
(20) currently growing acts of terrorism around the world, is an outward manifestation of this contradiction. Military invasion of the developing countries against developed countries, economic exploitation of an asymmetric war. This behavior is radical in form and unreasonable, but study the root causes of its occurrence, but can be found to contain a certain degree of rational kernel.
(21) In short, the deepening conflict between developed and developing countries, are global and irreversible progress.
The contradiction between the four countries
(22) development of economic globalization, also means that the developed countries in worldwide markets and resources around the development of the battle.
(23) since the end of the Cold War to the Soviet Union two Pa (bipolar) against each other as the main feature of the old international order was broken. When the sky wave by political polarization.
(24) political multi-polarization, in essence, is the opposite of U.S. unipolar hegemony.
(25) political multi-polarization, is essentially a "more dominant," a blueprint for a new international order. It is the powers of States opposed to the U.S. unipolar hegemony system behavior program. Therefore, it can be said that all powers including the U.S. "hegemony" of the product.
Therefore, developing countries are not in the "multipolar" list, the multi-polar powers only a "multipolar."
(26) the emergence of political multi-polarization. Qin Chinese history to match, that is: Age and Evolution of the end of the Warring States era of cracks at the arrival.
(27) The United States attempted to maintain its unipolar superpower hegemony, while other powers are attempting to establish their own country's local hegemony, to deny the U.S. global hegemony. Therefore, political multi-polarization is itself a contested process.
(28) around the struggle of political multi-polarization, is essentially a reflection of economic struggle between great powers, while serving the economic struggle between great powers. During the 2003 Iraq war, British West differences with Germany, France and Russia, is the product of conflicting economic interests.
(29) With the continuous deepening of economic globalization, the developed countries to the market and the competition for resources, will inevitably develop into more and more, more and more serious political and military struggle. This is absolutely inevitable.
(30) since the last century since the Cold War, the emergence of nuclear weapons, big powers in dealing with mutual relations have maintained the utmost restraint. Therefore, large-scale war since the Cold War, basically bully the big bullying the small war or proxy war between the major powers (that is, from a small country carried out on behalf of the war powers).
(31) war was "to resolve classes and class, ethnic and national, state and national, political groups and political groups, to a certain stage of development of the highest forms of struggle as a conflict" ("Selected Works of Mao Zedong" p. 155).
"War is the nation and the nation, state and national, class and class, political groups and political groups among the highest form of struggle" (ibid., p. 166).
(32) Therefore, war is the product of irreconcilable contradictions. Irreconcilable conflict is the "cause" of war is "fruit."
(33) Therefore, the Cold War has not broken out among the major powers because the nature of large-scale war - the conflict between great powers, there are still some room for reconciliation. The fear of a devastating nuclear war threat to humanity, only the surface reasons.
(34) Therefore, in an irreconcilable contradiction between the real case of nuclear war, devastating threat to humanity, will not become an obstacle to the outbreak of war.
(35) present on the nuclear war threat to mankind's destructive propaganda, just a logical hypothetical reasoning.
Five contradictory interaction of various
(36) above are contradictory (the contradictions within developed countries, developing countries, conflicts between developed and developing countries, conflicts, contradictions between the developed countries) the development, not in isolation, but interact, mutual stimulation and synergistic. - And therefore the development of interactive and linkage.
(37) the contradiction between the developed countries, with the contradiction between developed and developing countries are intertwined. Contention between the developed one of the main content is on developing markets and resources control. Meanwhile, the developed countries to developing countries to control markets and resources, but also in the mutual struggle for the establishment and existence.
(39) the more developed countries, developing countries should have the control to increase their income, the more developing countries to increase the intensity of exploitation and plunder, the greater will be the damage to the developing countries. The greater the damage to the developing countries, their domestic situation more worse, domestic class contradictions will be more serious. Conversely, the more serious in developing countries domestic class contradictions, but also the contradiction between developing and developed countries will become increasingly complex and profound.
(40) to deepen the conflict between the developed countries, the deepening conflict between developed and developing countries will make a profit to foreign countries the space is limited. Therefore, "trapped within the outer choosing the return of the" - loss of profits in foreign parts, bound from China make up, bound with a strengthening of domestic exploitation and reduce the domestic social welfare and social security costs of the approach to be up. Therefore, the domestic class contradictions will inevitably increase. Similarly, the intensification of internal conflicts, will force developed countries to increase the strength of its external struggles. Thus the conflict between the developed countries, the contradiction between developed and developing countries will become more serious.
(41) Therefore, summary, - the contradiction between developed countries, developing countries, conflicts between developed and developing countries, conflicts, contradictions between the developed countries - these types of conflicts will be of mutual affect, stimulate and promote each other, access to double development.
(42) Therefore,
① the revolutionary turmoil in developed countries and developing countries will be inevitable revolutionary crisis, and will surely break out in advance (also popular in today's world of "corruption Tide" will also play a catalytic role).
② bullying developed countries, developing countries, counter-violence of the war will further increase, promotion and development.
③ developed countries (especially military power) should the outbreak of war will; Third World War will break out. And be better than people can imagine the outbreak sooner.
6 Conclusion
(43) conflicts in developed countries, developing countries, conflicts between developed and developing countries, conflicts, contradictions between the developed countries - these conflicts under the conditions of economic globalization and intensification of development, are deeply deep rooted in - the coordination of economic globalization and the requirements of the global economy growing, while the country's economic activity is in fact more and more inconsistent - on top of this basic contradiction.
(44) under the conditions of economic globalization, "the development requirements of the global economy" and "national economic activity," the contradiction between, in essence, economic globalization and political multi-polarization of the conflict. Because the countries in the economic activities become increasingly incompatible, it is mainly one of political multi-polarization.
(45) economic base determines the superstructure. History of the development of human society is constantly adapting to economic base of a superstructure of history. When the economic foundation to the times when the feudal economy, the superstructure of slavery can not long continue to exist. When the economic foundation to the era of the capitalist economy, the capitalist superstructure is bound to replace the feudal superstructure. So, when the economic base of the superstructure, what change made the request, the superstructure will inevitably occur in accordance with the requirements change. - This is a historical reality, but also the laws of history.
(46) Economic globalization is the economic base of the area. The scope of political multi-polarization part of the superstructure.
(47) political multi-polarization, economic globalization is not compatible with the superstructure.
(48) economic globalization, global production factor requirements as between countries and regions have become increasingly close cooperation and collaboration. Therefore, also requires countries to deal with mutual economic relations, more consideration to the overall global economic development, rather than a country's "interests" undermine global economic development, "the public interest." Only in this way, side of the world economy, otherwise it will hinder the healthy development of world economy.
(49) So - Economic globalization requires global coordination functions of the "government organizations" to ensure the healthy development of the global economy. Economic globalization requires global "integration" functions of the corresponding superstructure. Economic globalization will inevitably lead to political unity of the world.
(50) So - the current era of economic globalization, the development of various contradictory results, is bound to divide the nation-state carved out a number attributed to dominate the world. Widespread in developed and developing countries within the revolutionary turmoil and war in the developed and developing countries, and war between countries, ultimately there is only one destination, and that is: to unify the world.
(51) So - revolution inevitable outbreak of war would inevitably break out - the outbreak of World War III inevitable, inevitable world unity. This is a historical necessity, this is a scientific truth. Can anyone able to stop.
(52) Therefore, for this era, the peace so it is important, because of the lack of peace; war so important because only by war, wars and to win the human permanent peace, to win the world unity and human newborn.
April 1911, after a failed uprising in Guangzhou Huanghuagang, Central League in Shanghai Yangtze River basin planning will always attempt to revolt, sent to Wuhan and Literary Society, will be linked together to speed up preparations for the Wuhan uprising in the process of revolutionary groups. The insight of two revolutionary groups, feel a heavy responsibility intifada, the uprising ever had a joint mindset. After several months of repeated consultations, the final decision in August 1911 the joint. During this period, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Sichuan and other places of the Paul movement surged, particularly in Sichuan, Paul has developed into a revolt. Qing panic, around their plans to suppress. September 21, Ting-chu Dulv Hubei army so quickly arrived in Sichuan, Hubei and Eighth Army forces most of the town who owned the 16th Association of Sichuan, another part of the troops stationed in Hanyang, Hankou and his county outside the city, forces inside and outside the provincial capital Only 14 standard about seven thousand people, to participate in literary community, together will other revolutionary groups and tendencies about the ancient revolutionary soldiers more than one third. The war started, soldiers will happen anyway. Extremely favorable situation on the Wuchang Uprising. September 24 had. Literary Society and together will be together Wuchang rouge Lane on the 11th will be held with authorities on both sides and the standard of more than 60 business representatives attended the joint meeting, the resolution of the uprising of the plan and determine the military and political responsible person, the military, Jiang Yiwu head of the Literary Society was elected as the revolutionary army commander, who together will be responsible for Sun Wu was cited as chief of staff, however. Politically, the hand will be elected head of the public Liu Preparatory Office of the Prime Minister for political. Wuchang uprising headquarters located on the street 85 small body of literature within social, political, Baoshan Preparatory Office, located in Hankou 14. Uprising date go to October 6, 1911 (Mid-Autumn Festival). In the separately prepared, the pain of time, the uprising has extended the date of October 11. Then, in the middle of Shanghai's Alliance always worry about a place in Wuhan uprising unreliable, there are 11 provinces while Xing uprising can only win the argument. The news spread to Wuhan, Wuhan, some of the leaders of the once so hesitant.
Night, the street uprising small headquarters was surrounded, police broke into the house. Liu Fu-based hurriedly arrested in the bomb did not blow, Peng Chufan also caught, Jiang Yiwu Ma gown by wearing a robe and build long braids are not police attention, Chengxi escape. Yang Hongsheng partisan camps in the delivery of ammunition to the police while being tracked, self-inflicted mistakes bomb fall into an opponent. Since martial law throughout the city, gates closed, artillery command do not get the service outside the city, the night 12:00 uprising not been possible.
October 10 morning, Pengchu Fan, Liu Fu-based, Yang Hongsheng three Patriots in Hubei and Hunan Governor spread the news of the Department of heroic martyrdom, military and police raids are still underway. Mobilized many of the revolutionaries and the New Army soldiers said to myself in this life and death in one fell swoop. With nothing and die, as desperate to survive. Uprising situation ready to go, explosive. Night 7 pm, in the eighth gate in the town-owned engineering and eighth camp barracks, the first occurrence of soldiers mutiny, a gunshot rang out, a few commissioned officers were killed, the chief representative of the partisan camp, after the New Army Team project (equivalent to class president) Xiong Bingkun rushed immediately towards the rate of dozens of insurgents in and around the door Chu Lookout armory. Armory soldiers stationed in the camp of coordinated action, the occupation of the armory, and opened the garage door. Mutinous troops are in arms, lift. At this time, gathered in the hope that Taiwan insurgents Chu about three hundred people. As Sun Tzu injured patient, Jiang Yiwu escape when the police raid, the other leaders of the uprising, or martyrdom, or arrested at the scene on the rudderless, not unity of command. Xiong Bingkun the presence of the highest posts, the total charge of the scene as a representative of the command, try to stabilize the morale of the troops. At this time, there are soldiers proposal to avoid the uprising left up teams of officers (equivalent to captain) Zhaolin get as commander in chief. Xiong Bingkun whole situation in mind, consider their own position lower base level, converting about the situation, to have negative consequences for the uprising, was pleased to comply with the soldiers request, but give Zhaolin as temporary commander. Wu informed the members of the Japanese original, the latter did not participate in any revolutionary organization, but this person capable, have a certain ability to command. Wu expectations, he immediately ordered the troops to strengthen Chu Lookout as part of the warning area, while re-sent with other revolutionary forces inside and outside the city link. Inside and outside the city since the revolution in military affairs that have to build Chu Lookout.
Forces in the uprising, while Chu Lookout assembly, Zhao-Lin Wu, Xiong Bingkun rate of mutinous troops had to Hubei and Hunan Governor Department (now Wuchang Shipyard), the launch into the attack, the battle very hard, but not be able to return. South Lake artillery into the city, Chu Lookout, Snake Hill and other places of the shelling began, the war situation in a turnaround. The standard New Army uprising in response to the soldiers doing more, doing more than most Xianshibumiao officer, life insurance from the camp, at the moment, Hubei and Hunan Governor signs Bac Switzerland, the eighth control and anti-business town, Admiral Zhang Biao, General Office hall supervision Iron Zhong order to stop their internal response to the Executive Force and organized forces to defend Dushu reliable, full-suppressing insurgents, resulting in offensive Dushu war, encountered many obstacles. After the transfer clock, re-organized attack on Du Shu forces. And soldiers in three columns, bloody battle in the streets started. As the darkness it rain, low visibility targets, guns are not repeated in the hair, so it was risking impulse to Dushu fire near to the fire as the symbol to improve the hit rate of bombardment. Then, Du Shu Qian Yafang hit. Rui Zhong Hui and iron, see the hopeless situation, hurriedly fled in breaking the back wall of the Department of Hospitals of a warship on the Yangtze River. Zhang Biao is still its headquarters (the eighth town near the headquarters in Du Shu) recalcitrant. After the rebels attacked three times, finally artillery in close collaboration with the Governor at dawn before the capture of the town of Department and the headquarters of the eighth. Zhang Biao in his command fled to Hankow before being tackled. The rebels then invincible, Fan Tai Yamen been quickly occupied by the rebels.
After a night of bloody fight lasting to the morning of October 11, Wuchang was liberated. 9 Point 18 star Revolutionary Army flag flying high above the head of Wuchang City. The next day, the rebels then recovered Hankou and Hanyang, Wuhan three all in the hands of the Revolutionary Army
Now, our life was good. Can you ever wondered, now a happy life here? This is hot, but soldiers with their own hot blood. Price is too high! Today, let's care over the past bit by bit it!
"Battle of Shanghai" in "Eight Hundred Heroes" loyalty medal, "bloody Taierzhuang" The sword kills, "Battle of Wuhan" in the 3000 death of 10,000 enemy Ridge Victory booty seized in ... ... Japanese War, millions of Kuomintang army fighting the Japanese attack was positive, giving the Japanese a heavy blow smashed the Japanese militarists, "quick" dreams.
"Japanese are, not in the resistance is dead, the anti-Japanese national salvation, has become the sacred duty of each fellow!" "Pingjin critical! North necessity! Chinese critical! Only the whole nation to implement the resistance, is our way out." "Insisted War adhere to a protracted war, insisted the united front, the final victory must be China. "
Communist Party of China, the first war of the horn sounded. 1937, "Marco Polo Bridge Incident" broke out. The active efforts of the Chinese Communist Party and the promotion, the two parties come together once again abandon the grudge, the sacred war of resistance from the nation to burn to Negative effect and Precaution.
This in the September 3, 1945 to win victory in the war completely different from the past 110 years of Sino-Japanese War. From the beginning to the Sino-Japanese War victory in 1840 of 105 years, almost all medium and small imperialist countries invaded China, and we only won that 60 years ago that success. It was nearly 100 years the poor and weak the first time in a life and death in China's national war victory, the victory changed the historical fate of the Chinese nation, wake up the sleeping for centuries in China.
Chen Yinke historian said: "The State may die, history can not be destroyed" because the repair history "line of life and death of a major event in the spirit of my nation." 2005
60th anniversary of Sino-Japanese War, I understand the history of this tragic and epic, as a Chinese student, no doubt the duty of carrying but is a difficult task.
Students, soldiers is such shed blood, sweat and blood in exchange for the new China. Let us not forget national humiliation, study hard and become a pillar of the motherland, will rejuvenate the Chinese nation!
Immortal revolutionary fighter!
I like the dove of peace, because I see them like to see peace. They brought the hope for peace of mind of each child, so my heart lit up immediately, while that piece of good hearts to open up a window of the soul.
Through the door that window, I saw the broad blue sky, sky full of doves have language, the concern and thoughts brought to the country, so that the other hearts as warm as the point of the heater, cozy. Everywhere a symbol of peace, open flowers, everything in the world are calling for peace and good.
Suddenly, a gunshot shattered the tranquility of peace. The war began, suddenly, the sky clouded over, I heard another tremendous noises it a threat to a delicate flower of peace. Birds were smoked with smoke, were those many bullets mercilessly beaten black and blue. At this point, children crying, people's cries and sounds of spirits, mingled into one. They want peace ah!
However, the bullets and the guns are ruthless, they are kept away innocent lives. "Why go to war to restore peace in the world now!
"All the people begging for the. However, those countries of the leaders and fighting for self-interest with. Dang fighting Zanshitingzhi time, I Kan Dao Le's Huamian such a tragedy: former beauty of the city Biande miserable. Some people hold Ziji dead relatives crying, others pray for the end of the war come on. In this way, a wonderful place, full of murderous look into a hell.
Peace dove flew away, my heart also has an incurable wound. People of the world want peace, stop war, to world peace forever now!
2. Not forget the past - the 60th anniversary of victory over fascism
Sixty years ago, France, Normandy, Utah Beach, another team, a team of U.S. and British soldiers braving a hail of bullets and rushed to the front of the bunker, one by one the soldiers fell, still people shouting the forward run, a moment stained with blood ... the beach ...
Sixty years ago, the Soviet Union, Stalingrad, the front, a truck carrying another one just out of boot camp training, officers in the car shouting: "We do not need a deserter living!" Had hardly faded , there is a shrapnel penetrated his skull. Recruits who were driven off, some people get guns, some people only took the bullets, loudspeaker repeated phrase: "did not get the gun with a gun in the back, there are guns comrades died, no guns comrades took up his gun, continued to charge ... ... "
Sixty years ago, China, Northeast China, a village in the evening, a middle-aged man righting the Guangzhuobangzai Hanguang shiny sword hanging from a ribbon, turned toward a group of villagers, including teenagers The young man, grizzled old man also, they are also carrying machetes. That middle-aged man said: "Let no one knew it at home?" All the people were silent, middle-aged wave of his hand, "that go." After half an hour, the Japanese base, screams, guns sound and the sound of metal crash after another, the moonlight reflected in the blade also has the color of anger, with the knife waving constantly shining. With the last gunshot, could not find the moonlight on the ground ... ...
War, but death and destruction, what can bring us. War left us with a painful memory, but also left a hero, dedicated to justice and peace heroes, we can not forget, forget war, forget the death and destruction, can not and should not forget the heroes of the war, is They ended the war, stop the destruction, with their death, instead of someone else's death.
The war is over, let us commemorate the sleeping hero.
Six years later, France, Normandy, Utah Beach, then in the bloody battles of the veterans, wearing uniforms covered with medals, walking on the road, people to cheer them, cheer them, and they also found that veterans They smile so heavy ... ...
Six years later, Russia, Moscow's Red Square, where a celebration, perhaps we should say commemorate the sixtieth anniversary of victory in World War II, the main site for heroes from around the world, respected by world leaders, praise.
Six years later, China, Northeast China, a small town, a class of students in a more than 80 years old, led to a monument, the old recounted his killing the enemy, survivors, escape experience, still excited, he sang the song to his passionate song: "sword decapitated head to the enemy ... ..." Students were in tears ... ...
Memorial, in order to not forget the past.
War Victory clear to revitalize the nation
Sino-Japanese War, is over 100 years the Chinese people against foreign aggression in the first total victory in war of national liberation. Mao Zedong declared to the world trend Majestic Zeng Yi: China's Anti-Japanese War was "the history of wars, the Chinese nation's feat, tremendous undertaking." War of the Chinese nation from decline to revitalization of a major historical turning point.
Japanese War, the Chinese their due role and status of the world, this is a good start for the Chinese nation.
Revitalization of a nation to go, we must break free of the shackles of the world, to win international honor for international status. Japanese War, China has greatly enhanced the reputation in the world. Chinese people's bloody war of resistance not only by the people of the world's esteem, is more important is their position higher than ever before, in particular in: First of all, the abolition of unequal treaties. October 9, 1942, British and American governments have informed the Chinese Government declared its willingness to give up extraterritorial rights in China and other related rights. Later, after negotiations, on January 11, 1943 completed the United States, Britain and the New Testament, and so on were signed in Washington, and Chongqing. British and American abolition of unequal treaties, to promote in China privileged countries to follow suit. Second, the recovery of most of the lost ground. Since the victory of the war, since war is not only to recover the vast territory occupied by Japan, but recovered half a century has been Japan's Cession of Taiwan, Penghu Islands, in addition to Hong Kong, Macau, the all rented or occupied by the territory of imperialism are be withdrawn. Foreign powers grab from China's colony, and finally returned to the motherland. Third, China's role in international affairs has been strengthened. January 1, 1942, China has signed an important member of the identity of the "Declaration by United Nations." November 22, 1942, the Chinese government as the war in one of the three major British and American co-participated in the Cairo meeting, the meeting was established during World War II allies of the war against Japan and to address the issue of post-war Japan important meeting. 1945 年 25 April to 26 June, the Chinese and the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain launched four countries invited to "Declaration by United Nations" of the signatories and representatives of participating States, held in San Francisco, the Constituent Assembly of the United Nations. Since then, China as one of the initiators of the United Nations go down in history, China has become the most extensive international organization of the Security Council five permanent members.
During the Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese nation since the Republic has not been able to achieve unity and solidarity, which is an important prerequisite for national rejuvenation.
Indispensable to the revitalization of a nation to an important premise that the great unity of the nation. Anti-Japanese War in China before the political arena, the political forces active in. In addition to confrontation and war between the KMT and CPC, there are factions among the KMT, the central government and local power struggles between school, local powers are also among the scrambling, endless infighting. In a broken, the current enemy situation, the Chinese political forces, each class has finally abandon their prejudices and united together under the banner of the anti-Japanese national salvation, to form a broad united front against a common enemy nation to achieve the Chinese nation self-revitalization.
KMT-CPC cooperation of the two major parties is the key to the whole nation united. The two parties in the life and death struggle against the original, but driven by a sense of responsibility in the nation, take the initiative to change the strategy of the Chinese Communist Party, has repeatedly put forward the idea of unity and resistance, and the realization of the anti-Japanese national united front at a major concession. While the KMT began to stubbornly adhere to "stabbing outside Home Safe," the anti-communist policy, but the role of various forces at home and abroad, and eventually accepted the idea of the establishment of anti-Japanese national united front, with fighting with the Communist Party to form the Chinese armed forces for unity in the anti-Japanese Tai's common enemy the situation.
Communist Party of China in the Sino-Japanese War in training, more mature and stronger, the unprecedented increase of political prestige, to become the main leaders of the Chinese nation to revitalize the force.
War created a generation of technology professionals in China, they are the precious wealth of the Chinese nation.
Large number of scientific personnel from wartime rear area, work hard, painstaking research, embedded in them patriotism and devotion to the great enthusiasm of the Chinese science and technology for promoting the direct driving force. War created a whole generation of scientific talent. Li Siguang, Mao Yisheng, Zhu Kezhen, Zhou Pei-Yuan, Wu Ta-you, Yanjici, Lu Jiaxi, Su Buqing, Hua and other backbone gradually become academic leaders. They not only its own concentration study, but also to train young talent. Academia Sinica Institute of Geology, researchers led by director Li Siguang Guangxi, Hunan West, western Hubei and Jiangxi, Fujian and other areas of geology and mineral site visits, and collect specimens, but also to map out the geological map of Guangxi 1/200000. Department of Physics, Professor Wu Ta-Southwest in the "research without normal" circumstances, to write a monograph, "more of the original elements of the structure and vibrational spectra" and 19 papers were spectroscopy experiments. Zhejiang University, the famous scientist Impact and during the war nearly 40 published articles, geography, meteorology, physics and other academic studies have made great progress.
History shows us that the Buddha's: Chinese people as capable of arduous efforts, to win the victory of national liberation war, certainly Nenggou 共产党 in China under the leadership of the Chinese nation Xin revitalization.
As a Chinese citizen, a yellow skin, such as land, such as tunnel Yan Huang memory long succession of civilization and the enjoyment of those who, faced with some of the ancestors is not far away a certain period of history ......
July 7, it represents a heavy, painful, meditation, collusion of blood and fire it in a way, in a smoke filled the air, crying and anger against the background of diplomatic approach to the way of singing and farewell to fallen , struggle, followed by the sky's tragic gesture there.
July 7, the day I should do something, I must do something, because it is based on a Chinese citizen, just as painful for the newborn, delivery of the mother. Yes, I will review the history of it from the Wanping City, the Marco Polo Bridge beginning of that page flips, 219 teachers from 29 Jun 37 shots in the regiment began to fight back to find my ancestors were respectable history of dedication and creativity glory.
July 7, I have to give impetuous heart of vanity before it quiet down, because I am a blood and tears, there is pain there is music, there is humiliation and glory of the Chinese citizens. With the dawn of the blowing breeze, I will Pick up an epic battle, one has just been retrieved from the dust of history out of the anonymous songs, it was written for the year to 29 at the front line fighting the military's great song words: "Marco Polo Bridge, Marco Polo Bridge, man named graves in this bridge, grievances pain peace Paul, inevitably the bayonet, self-defense fight Qi Zhuang, Tingjian the sky is the eras. Marco Polo Bridge, the Marco Polo Bridge, meritorious service to serve the country in this bridge! "
In its majestic rhythm and phonology and encouragement, I have no reason not to excited, there is no reason not to cry, tears of a man, dedicated to fight for the homeland, fighting for peace, fighting for the ideals and honor our ancestors, it is an honor, is my great honor as a Chinese citizen. I look forward to the soul through time and space perception, looking forward to his heart was softened material like them strong and tough, persistent and fearless.
Lions watched in Lugouqiao, painful patch of history, the land, the National Awakening, the soldiers rose in place, we have a responsibility with a guilty heart, to go there to pay homage to the memory of there, heart and soul to the touch and overlooking .
When setting sun cast the same as the ancestors of the back of hanging on our faces, when the summer winds blow on one's face wrapped in legends and festivals of to, we use a thankful heart to await and greet, as to it like a lion, pay tribute to them, never, never .......
Because it is unable to forget the memories!
Commemorate the 60th anniversary of War
Now, our life was good. Can you ever wondered, now a happy life here? This is hot, but soldiers with their own hot blood. Price is too high! Today, let's care over the past bit by bit it!
"Battle of Shanghai" in "Eight Hundred Heroes" loyalty medal, "bloody Taierzhuang" The sword kills, "Battle of Wuhan" in the 3000 death of 10,000 enemy Ridge Victory booty seized in ... ... Japanese War, millions of Kuomintang army fighting the Japanese attack was positive, giving the Japanese a heavy blow smashed the Japanese militarists, "quick" dreams.
"Japanese are, not in the resistance is dead, the anti-Japanese national salvation, has become the sacred duty of each fellow!" "Pingjin critical! North necessity! Chinese critical! Only the whole nation to implement the resistance, is our way out." "Insisted War adhere to a protracted war, insisted the united front, the final victory must be China. "
Communist Party of China, the first war of the horn sounded. 1937, "Marco Polo Bridge Incident" broke out. Communist Party of China's positive efforts and promotion, the two parties come together once again abandon the old scores, the sacred war of resistance from the nation to burn up to Negative effect and Precaution.
This in the September 3, 1945 to win victory in the war completely different from the past 110 years of Sino-Japanese War. From the beginning to the Sino-Japanese War victory in 1840 of 105 years, almost all medium and small imperialist countries invaded China, and we only won that 60 years ago that success. It was nearly 100 years the poor and weak the first time in a life and death in China's national war victory, the victory changed the historical fate of the Chinese nation, wake up the sleeping for centuries in China.
Chen Yinke historian said: "The State may die, history can not be destroyed" because the repair history "line of life and death of a major event in the spirit of my nation." 2005
60th anniversary of Sino-Japanese War, I understand the history of this tragic and epic, as a Chinese student, no doubt the duty of carrying but is a difficult task.
Students, soldiers is such shed blood, sweat and blood in exchange for the new China. Let us not forget national humiliation, study hard and become a pillar of the motherland, will rejuvenate the Chinese nation!
Immortal revolutionary fighter! Mob war
Quotes about war
Military forces of the Road, hearts and minds is, attacking the city for the next; mental warfare, the soldiers fighting for the next. (Three Zhuge Liang)
Therefore in victorious, the good and also non-good; without fighting the enemy, who is also good for good. (Spring and Autumn Sun Wu)
Spiritual leader more help, Unjust finds scant support. (Warring States Mencius)
Day as location, location not as good as people. (Warring States Mencius)
The outcome of the regular military strategists, soldiers who can use failure as a result become. (Jin Zhang Fang)
Only the dead before they can see the end of the war. (Greece, Plato)
Justice without force is impotent; force without justice is tyranny. (France Pascal)
Military people are the victory. (Mao Zedong)
The enemy advances, we retreat, the enemy retreats, we pursue the enemy harass the enemy tires, we attack. (Mao Zedong)