Albert Camus
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Albert Camus (1913~1960) 

阿尔贝·加缪
　　Albert Camus ([albɛʁ kamy] ( listen); 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French Algerian author, philosopher, and journalist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1957. He was a key philosopher of the 20th-century and his most famous work is the novel L'Étranger (The Stranger).
　　
　　In 1949, Camus founded the Group for International Liaisons within the Revolutionary Union Movement, which was a group opposed to some tendencies of the surrealistic movement of André Breton. Camus was the second-youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature - after Rudyard Kipling - when he became the first African-born writer to receive the award. He is the shortest-lived of any literature laureate to date, having died in an automobile accident just over two years after receiving the award.
　　
　　He is often cited as a proponent of existentialism, the philosophy that he was associated with during his own lifetime, but Camus himself rejected this particular label. In an interview in 1945, Camus rejected any ideological associations: "No, I am not an existentialist. Sartre and I are always surprised to see our names linked..."
　　
　　Specifically, his views contributed to the rise of the more current philosophy known as absurdism. He wrote in his essay The Rebel that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism while still delving deeply into individual freedom.
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　　阿尔贝·加缪（Albert Camus，1913-1960）法国作家。1913年11月7日生于阿尔及利亚的蒙多维。幼年丧父，靠奖学金读完中学，在亲友的资助和半工半读中念完大学并取得哲学学士学位。希特勒上台后，加缪参加反法西斯的抵抗运动，并一度加入法共，后退党。1944年法国解放，加缪出任《战斗报》主编，写了不少著名的论文。
　　加缪1935年开始从事戏剧活动，曾创办过剧团，写过剧本，当过演员。戏剧在他一生的创作中占有重要地位。主要剧本有《误会》（1944）、《卡利古拉》（1945）、《戒严》（1948）和《正义》（1949）等。除了剧本，加缪还写了许多著名的小说。中篇小说《局外人》不仅是他的成名作，也是荒诞小说的代表作。该作与同年发表的哲学论文集《西西弗的神话》，在欧美产生巨大影响。长篇小说《鼠疫》（1947）曾获法国批评奖，它进一步确立了作家在西方当代文学中的重要地位，“因为他的重要文学创作以明彻的认真态度阐明了我们这个时代人类良知的问题”，1957年加缪获得诺贝尔文学奖。1960年，在一次车祸中不幸身亡。
　　加缪在50年代以前，一直被看作是存在主义者，尽管他自己多次否认。1951年加缪发表了哲学论文《反抗者》之后，引起一场与萨特等人长达一年之久的论战，最后与萨特决裂，这时人们才发现，加缪是荒诞哲学及其文学的代表人物。
　　加缪的创作特色是用白描手法，极其客观地表现人物的一言一行。文笔简洁、明快、朴实，保持传统的优雅笔调和纯正风格。他的“小说从严都是形象的哲学”，蕴含着哲学家对人生的严肃思考和艺术家的强烈激情。在短暂的创作生涯中，他赢得了远远超过前辈的荣誉。他的哲学及其文学作品对后期的荒诞派戏剧和新小说影响很大。评论家认为加缪的作品体现了适应工业时代要求的新人道主义精神。萨特说他在一个把现实主义当作金牛膜拜的时代里，肯定了精神世界的存在。
　　作品有《误会》、《卡利古拉》、《戒严》、《正义》、《局外人》、《西西弗的神话》、《鼠疫》等
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  1. n.:  Albert Camus
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