Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in Taiwan until his death.
As leader of the Republic of China in the Nanjing decade, Chiang sought to strike a difficult balance between modernizing China while also devoting resources to defending the nation against the impending Japanese threat. Trying to avoid a war with Japan while hostilities with CPC continued, he was kidnapped in the Xi'an Incident and obliged to form an Anti-Japanese United Front with the CPC. Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, he mobilized China for the Second Sino-Japanese War. For eight years he led the war of resistance against a vastly superior enemy, mostly from the wartime capital Chongqing. As the leader of a major Allied power, Chiang met with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the Cairo Conference to discuss terms for Japanese surrender. No sooner had the Second World War ended than the Civil War with the communists, by then led by Mao Zedong, resumed. Chiang's nationalists were mostly defeated in a few decisive battles in 1948.
One of the longest-serving non-royal heads of state in the 20th century, Chiang was the longest-serving non-royal ruler of China having held the post for 46 years. Like Mao, he is regarded as a controversial figure. Supporters credit him with playing a major part in unifying the nation and leading the Chinese resistance against Japan, as well as with countering Soviet-communist encroachment. Detractors and critics denounce him as a dictator at the front of an authoritarian regime who suppressed opponents.
No. 2
Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975): Zhejiang Fenghua people, formerly known as Swiss yuan, later renamed Chiang Kai-shek. Japan Zhenwu school graduation. Joined the League in 1908. Chen rebellion in 1922 when Sun Yat-sen sought refuge in the Yong Feng to follow. Whampoa Military Academy, he served as president of the National Revolutionary Army Commander in Chief. Manufacturing Zhongshan Warship Incident in 1926 and "order party case", exclusion Communists. 1927, launched on April 12 in Shanghai, counter-revolutionary coup d'etat, mass murder of Communists and the revolutionary masses. After 1928, successive KMT Chairman and armed forces commanders, forces in China, the KMT president, chairman of the Supreme Council of National Defense, autocratic rule. Has launched many new warlords. September 18 Incident, the implementation of "stabbing outside Home Safe" principle, successive attacks against Jiangxi Soviet "encirclement and suppression." After the Xi'an Incident in 1936, was forced to accept the CPC's "stop the civil war and the anti-Japanese" proposal, but many set off anti climax. After the victory, in 1946 launched an all-civil war. Thoroughly anti-Communist civil war in 1949 after the failure to Taiwan. Taiwan has been re-elected "president" and the KMT president.
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No. 3
Chiang Kai-shek (Chiang Kai-shek) Biography Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) Zhejiang Fenghua people. Name of Chiang Kai-shek, formerly known as Rui Yuan, Zhou Tai spectrum name, scientific name Zhiqing. Baoding National Army in 1907 into the crash school. Studying in Japan in 1908. Joined the League in 1908. Zhenwu school in Japan in 1910 after graduating from the thirteenth into the Japanese army division for the cadets cadets United XIX, followed after the Revolution of Sun Yat-sen, Yuan Shikai had participated in opposition activities. The Soviet Union in 1923 went to study military politics. Returned the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924, he served as president of the National Revolutionary Army First Corps. 1926, has made "中山舰事件", "sorting party case" against the Communist Party and the revolutionary forces. Armed Services Committee, after Ren Guomin Government, the National Revolutionary Army Commander in Chief, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee. Rate of division the way the Northern Expedition, in 1927 launched the "4.12" coup, the party in the clear over the first KMT-CPC cooperation open rupture. National Government in 1928 appointed Chairman, and constantly make new warlord. 1931 "9.18" incident, he served as chairman of the Military Committee, the implementation of "first internal stabbing outside" policy, the siege of the Red Army revolutionary base. 1936, "Xi'an Incident", was forced to accept the Japanese claim, the implementation of the Second Cooperation between. In 1938 he became president of the KMT, Three People's Principles Youth League heads. Anti-Japanese War, he served as Chairman of Supreme National Defense Council, Allied supreme commander of the Chinese theater, _set_ off the third anti-communist climax. 1943 to participate in the United States, Britain and China for the Cairo meeting. After the victory, and the CPC delegation for peace talks in Chongqing. 1946, abandoned the "truce", "CPPCC resolution", the command attack the Liberated Areas, the Constituent National Assembly held separately by the Constitution. First held in 1948, without authorization, the National Assembly, elected "president." January 21, 1949, compelled to issue a "plan to retire and the message", by Vice President Li Tsung-jen took the President. Retreated to Taiwan in 1949, served as "president" with the KMT president. April 5, 1975 in Taipei died. Details Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) reign of the Chinese Kuomintang Party, government, and military leaders of. Name of Chiang Kai-shek, the word Kai-shek, the scientific name Zhiqing. Zhejiang Fenghua County. October 31, 1887 (thirteen years the Qing dynasty, September 15) students. Father Jiang Zhaocong family business operating salt shop, who died in 1895 patients. Wang Caiyu Chiang Kai-shek brought up by his mother, young into the private school, reading classics and history. Fenghua Lu Feng 1903 into the school after two years to Ningbo arrows Jinxue Tang schools. Longjin in early 1906 was educated at school, in April went to Japan, into the Tokyo Tsinghua School, met Chen Qimei, who, by the anti-ideology. Back end of 1907, was admitted to intensive school of Baoding National Army, artillery practice. Japan spring 1908, into the Tokyo Zhenwu schools. During the introduction by the Chen Qimei League, participate in anti-revolutionary activities. After graduating in winter 1910, the thirteenth division into the Japanese army as cadets cadets United XIX. Join the high regard the Democratic Revolution, Sun Yat-sen's Revolution broke out, Chiang Kai-shek back to Shanghai by Chen Qimei assignment, the rate of the vanguard of hundreds of people to Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province participated in the Battle of recovery; subsequent military captaincy in Shanghai, Shanghai Ren Chen Qimei Department Fifth Regiment Army , and Chen Qimei, Shanghai Second Division of the military sworn to Huang Fu "Mengxiong Di." June 1922 Yuejun rebel commander Chen, Sun Yat-sen took refuge in Yong Feng, Jiang went to Guangzhou boarding care more than 40 days of paternity, obtain the trust and esteem Sun. Chiang to do "Da-Wei Sun President Kidnapped in mind," a book of the same year in October by Sun Yat-sen assignment East Route Expeditionary Army Second Army Chief of Staff, February 1923, was appointed Grand Marshal House chief of staff headquarters. August deployed led the "Dr. Sun Yixian delegation" Fusu study tour of military, political and party affairs. Destruction of the Whampoa Military Academy auspices of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation in January 1924 the first National Congress of the Kuomintang decided to establish a Military Academy, training the revolutionary army, Sun appointed Chiang Kai-shek as president and military chief of staff of the General Command of Yuejun. He Uniting Russia, to co-workers to help farmers despite the dissatisfaction with the three major policies, but said the situation at the time support, and to some extent, be implemented. His cronies in the military reuse, cultivate personal power, to support the establishment of Sun Yat-sen Institute anti-Communist elements, suppression and against young soldiers Federation. He organized and led the Whampoa Military Academy students and teachers in October 1924 suppression of rebellion Guangzhou Merchants Group, February 1925 Eastern Campaign crusade Chen, June put down Yancy Min, Liu Zhenhuan insurgency campaigns, remarkable victories, so to earn a reputation, first as after-care supervision Chaoshan, Following the garrison commander of Guangzhou. Whampoa Military Academy in August 1925 two training regiment prepared for the National Revolutionary Army, First Army, Jiang Renjun long. Zhongkai killed, he supported the expulsion Hu Wang abroad, and soon disperse in Guangzhou Xu Chongzhi turn Yuejun commander, incorporated Yuejun some divisions and brigades, leaped into the military power within the KMT holds the primary characters. October rate of division Second Crusade, Chen wipe out the rebels. In January 1926 the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, and was elected to the Central Executive Committee, the Central Standing Committee; February concurrently director of the National Revolutionary Army. After the death of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek on the three policies increasingly suspect left the KMT and the Communists hate working in cooperation, doubt the work of Soviet advisers. He was 20 March 1926 single-handedly made "中山舰事件", in May and second in the Second Plenary Session of the KMT that "party sorting case" against and exclusion in the work of the First Army and the Communist party headquarters . He took the opportunity to have seized the Armed Services Committee, the KMT Central Committee Organization Department, the military ministers, commander of the National Revolutionary Army and the KMT Central Standing Committee of the President and other positions. External suppression create internal compromise dictatorship April 18, 1927 Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing, a separate "National Government", and Wuhan national government confrontation. June, met Chiang Kai-shek and Feng in Xuzhou, anti-Communist, co-operation agreement. As Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei, Li Tsung-jen and other factions of the contradictions and struggles in the isolated, was forced to step down in August, October trip to Japan for support. After returning home, abandoned wives, and Kai-shek married on December 1, from and TV Soong, HH Kung marriage, through them to strengthen ties with the United States. January 1928 mission commander in chief of the post in February second Fourth Plenary Session of the Kuomintang auspices of a comprehensive change in Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary policies; the meeting, were cited as Chairman of the Central Political Committee and Military Committee. April, and Feng, Yan Xishan, Li Tsung-jen force composed of four army north, the Manchurian warlord Chang Tso-lin defeated, ending the rule of the Northern warlords. October Ren Guomin Government Chairman and Chief of the Armed Forces Commander, the restructuring of the National Government and a "failure for" the "political tutelage." Chiang Kai-shek dictatorship is to establish the situation of individuals to "disarmament building" phase call, trying to "reorganize and discharge surplus personnel," Feng Yu-hsiang, Yen Hsi-shan, Li Tsung-jen's army, intensified with the military power to send the contradiction between the resort to arms Suizhi , Jiang Gui war, war, Jiang Feng, Jiang Yan Feng war (see Jiang Yan Feng war) to sustain themselves. Imperialists and Chiang Kai-shek with the support of the big bourgeoisie in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, one by one over the factions force. He also beat Wang Jingwei, Hu Han-min, Sun and other factions of the confrontation, and thus consolidated his dictatorship. December 1930 to September 1931, Chiang Kai-shek to mobilize large numbers of troops, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, West, Henan, Anhui and other revolutionary base of the Red Army launched three successive military "encirclement and suppression", failed. "Incident" occurred, he pursued the policy of non-resistance to obstruct the army and the people against Japanese aggression, resulting in the rapid decay in Northeast China. Japanese invaders again in early 1932 provoked one hundred twenty-eight Incident in Shanghai, Nineteenth Army rose up against the heroic, but the pressure of Japanese imperialism, Chiang Kai-shek succumbed and agreed to sign a "Songhu Armistice Agreement." After the expansion of the Japanese imperialist aggression, repeated acts of compromise and concessions in North China, has agreed to sign a humiliating "Tanggu Agreement", "Ho-Umezu Agreement." Patriotic soldiers and civilians to resist his repression, forced to cancel Chahaer Feng Japanese allies. Chiang stubbornly to "stabbing outside must first be peace within" policy, in June 1932 on the Fourth Red Army launched military "encirclement and suppression." After the failure in October 1933 and the fifth military "encirclement and suppression." After a year of fierce battle, the Red Army strategic direction of the error due to failure, the Long March is starting out in Jiangxi. Chiang and dogged transferred hundreds of thousands of troops, while the revolutionary base areas to continue to "cleaning." Eight-year war persist in the implementation of the KMT-CPC cooperation After the Battle of Wuhan, Sino-Japanese War from the strategic defensive phase to the phase of strategic stalemate. Chiang said that the determination to continue the war, Wang Ching-wei, who is completely disappointed with the future of war, treason, enemy. January 1939, Chiang Kai-shek appointed chairman of the Supreme Council of National Defense. He told the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Armed Forces in the war worried about the rapid development and growth, is to implement a total solution, anti-, restricting, anti-communist policy, continue to create anti-communist friction. December 1941 after the outbreak of the Pacific War, Chiang Kai-shek to actively carry out diplomatic activities, and the United States, Britain and allies, he served as Supreme Commander of the theater, with American material and financial assistance. He sent expeditionary forces to China, Myanmar, joint operations with the Anglo-American coalition forces, opened the Indian roads. United States, Britain, together with China to jointly fight against Japan, promised to abolish the unequal treaties under the privileges in China, signed the U.S., Britain and the "New Testament." November 1943, Chiang Kai-shek at the Cairo Conference, with U.S. President Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill talks, the Japanese strategy of joint operations and post-war peace terms. June 1945 sent to the Soviet Union, Soong and other talks, in August the two foreign ministers signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" and the relevant agreements. Full civil war in the complete collapse of the rule of mainland China After autumn 1948, the Liaoning-Shenyang, Huai-Hai, Battle of Pingjin three strategic battle, which Chiang Kai-shek launched the civil war, the main force maintaining the rule basically been eliminated. January 1949, Jiang made New Year's statement suggested peace talks, but made the save, "Constitution," "legal system" and military conditions, refuted by the Chinese Communist Party. January 21 Chiang was forced to declare "retire" and return to Fenghua, but military and political power behind the scenes to undermine peace talks. April 20, the KMT refused to "domestic Peace Agreement" was signed. People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River, to enter the country. Republic of China on October 1, 1949 was proclaimed, Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship in China to this end. December 1949, Chiang Kai-shek to withdraw to Taiwan to collect remnants of negative corner of island. March 1950 he was "reinstated" responsibility "President", then repeated his fourth consecutive term, and for elected KMT president. His "Three Principles of the construction of Taiwan", "anti-communist national recovery" phase called on to maintain his rule in Taiwan; and the United States signed the "Mutual Defense Treaty." But his opposition to "Taiwan independence" and "international trusteeship" and "two Chinas", adhere to the position of a Chinese national. At that time, Taiwan's feeling of insecurity, the United States to Taiwan independence, he said: "Who needs independence, I want to who the head!" Chiang Kai-shek on April 5, 1975 died in Taipei. Speech of his life, Wen electrode and more scattered in the press and internal files. Taiwan authorities have compiled his "Complete Works", "Collections of thought and speech," and so on. Jane this supplement Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) jiǎnɡ jiè shí Although the civil war resulted in the partition separating the two sides, but Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan has been "one China" policy and firmly oppose Taiwan independence, has been circulating that he said this sentence: "who advocate Taiwan independence, I'm on his head!" At this point, is worthy of recognition. Chiang Kai-shek's most shining life sentence Sea Battle Process Description: January 18, 1974, the Vietnamese Government has ignored China has repeatedly warned that troops occupied China Sea Paradise Islands, and with Morijima militia conflict. Sea naval battle which started the prelude. Navy rushed Nansha support, but unfortunately the fleet tonnage and firepower in Vietnam has an absolute advantage, although the Chinese navy fought a bloody war, but signs of stress can not be supported. Critical moment, the central East China Sea Fleet rushed to mobilize support. However, the East China Sea Fleet, the Navy must be blocked by the KMT in Taiwan Taiwan Strait, how to safely adopted as a problem for the Chinese navy. The Taiwan Strait by the Chinese People's Navy, the news was quickly informed that the KMT in Taiwan, when Taiwan's Navy Commander Don x forest to ask for instructions how to respond when Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang said that most of his life flash in one sentence: "You do not know Sha tight it? "After all, understand that Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT is fighting the war, the invasion of time in the field, the Chinese people would be united. For kicked away x Lin Tang, Chiang Kai-shek instructed: "You have to escort all the way to ensure the fleet safely passed. There ready to tender, give support to the frontline." The results, contrary to expectations the East China Sea Fleet. KMT not only a green light to put the East China Sea naval fleet across the Channel, and the convoy all the way to ensure the safety of the fleet. In addition, dozens of boats in Taiwan tender marched Sea front, the front of the People's Liberation Army soldiers to deliver food and water. January 20, the East China Sea Fleet, arrived as scheduled the front, two great changes have occurred in troops, the Chinese navy to form an absolute advantage, the invasion of Yuejun almost wiped out. Sea Battle is the most glorious naval battle in the history of World War I, in a sense, he is the result of sincere cooperation KMT. The Chiang Kai-shek's performance in this event so moving, so we have a brand new his evaluation.
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Encyclopedia
Jiang Jieshi Chiang Kai-shek Join the high regard the Democratic Revolution, Sun Yat-sen's Revolution broke out, Chiang Kai-shek back to Shanghai by Chen Qimei assignment, the rate of the vanguard of hundreds of people to Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province participated in the Battle of recovery; subsequent military captaincy in Shanghai, Shanghai Ren Chen Qimei Department Fifth Regiment Army , and Chen Qimei, Shanghai Second Division of the military sworn to Huang Fu "Mengxiong Di." January 1912, sent by Chen Qimei, buying Tao Chengzhang criminals to assassinate leaders of the Restoration Society. After the incident to avoid to Japan, has organized "military Sound" magazine. Second revolution in the summer of 1913 onwards, in Shanghai in the attack Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, had failed after the retreat in Shanghai, in October joined the preparation of the Chinese Revolutionary Party, in November and then ferry to Japan. July 1914, Sun Yat-sen in Tokyo announced the formal establishment of the Chinese Revolutionary Party, Chiang Kai-shek was sent to Shanghai, Harbin, to help Chen Qimei in revolutionary activities against the Yuan. Chen Qimei assassinated in May 1916 after Chiang Kai-shek ordered to Sun Yat-sen Feng Ren Zhonghua Wei County, Shandong Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Northeast Army chief of staff. Soon Yuan died, the dissolution of the Chinese Revolutionary Army, Chiang living in Shanghai, and Green Gang leader Huang Jinrong, Du Yuesheng, who has dealings. July 1917 Sun Yat-sen south "protect" the military government established the Republic of China, in March 1918 the General Command of Chiang Kai-shek appointed Yuejun, director of operations, the second half, he served as detachment commander in Yuejun Min. Excluded due to Yuejun generals, often delay leaving home in Shanghai, has worked with Zhang Jingjiang, Chen Guofu, Dai and other partners to do exchange speculation. June 1922 Yuejun rebel commander Chen, Sun Yat-sen took refuge in Yong Feng, Jiang went to Guangzhou boarding care more than 40 days of paternity, obtain the trust and esteem Sun. Sun Yat-sen in October the same year was the second military assignment East Route Expeditionary Army Chief of Staff, February 1923, was appointed Grand Marshal House chief of staff headquarters. August deployed led the "Dr. Sun Yixian delegation" Fusu study tour of military, political and party affairs. Destruction of the Whampoa Military Academy auspices of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation in January 1924 the first National Congress of the Kuomintang decided to establish a Military Academy, training the revolutionary army, Sun appointed Chiang Kai-shek as president and military chief of staff of the General Command of Yuejun. He Uniting Russia, to co-workers to help farmers despite the dissatisfaction with the three major policies, but said the situation at the time support, and to some extent, be implemented. His cronies in the military reuse, cultivate personal power, to support the establishment of Sun Yat-sen Institute anti-Communist elements, suppression and against young soldiers Federation. He organized and led the Whampoa Military Academy students and teachers in October 1924 suppression of rebellion Guangzhou Merchants Group, February 1925 Eastern Campaign crusade Chen, June put down Yancy Min, Liu Zhenhuan insurgency campaigns, remarkable victories, so to earn a reputation, first as after-care supervision Chaoshan, Following the garrison commander of Guangzhou. Whampoa Military Academy in August 1925 two training regiment prepared for the National Revolutionary Army, First Army, Jiang Renjun long. Zhongkai killed, he supported the expulsion Hu Wang abroad, and soon disperse in Guangzhou Xu Chongzhi turn Yuejun commander, incorporated Yuejun some divisions and brigades, leaped into the military power within the KMT holds the primary characters. October rate of division Second Crusade, Chen wipe out the rebels. In January 1926 the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, and was elected to the Central Executive Committee, the Central Standing Committee; February concurrently director of the National Revolutionary Army. After the death of Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek on the three policies increasingly suspect left the KMT and the Communists hate working in cooperation, doubt the work of Soviet advisers. He was 20 March 1926 single-handedly made "中山舰事件", in May and second in the Second Plenary Session of the KMT that "party sorting case" against and exclusion in the work of the First Army and the Communist party headquarters . He took the opportunity to have seized the Armed Services Committee, the KMT Central Committee Organization Department, the military ministers, commander of the National Revolutionary Army and the KMT Central Standing Committee of the President and other positions. 7 1926
Chiang kai-shek Household Plain (plural marker for pronouns and a few animate nouns) Post brilliance Household the feelings of joy, anger, sorrow and delight
Chiang kai-shek of For the use of an emperor pen Exhibit, display mine Mass Communication
Lackey Life Chiang kai-shek of Ultra- secret agent
The name of a spy organization Big brother secret Chen guofu Chen li-fu AND Chiang Kai-shek
Taiwan FY Gospel afterlife Chiang Kai-shek
Lackey Life Chiang kai-shek of Ultra- secret agent
Chiang kai-shek Household Plain (plural marker for pronouns and a few animate nouns) Post brilliance Household the feelings of joy, anger, sorrow and delight
Chiang kai-shek of For the use of an emperor pen Exhibit, display mine Mass Communication
