Haikou Tourism mangrove complaint telephone complaints Tel :0898 -66,797,846 Hainan Provincial Tourism complaints Tel :0898 -6,535,845 State Tourism Tel :010-65275315 Complaint Located in the southeast of Haikou City, Mangrove Conservation Area, covering 4,000 hectares. In February 1980 the area designated as National Nature Reserve, Hainan Province in 1992 as one of the top ten major tourist zones, is well-known scenic spot high. Where mangroves grow in the waters throughout the year, huge crown, trunk shape strange twists and turns planning the boat into the mangroves of the "corridor", as if into a fantasy. This has become a tourist attraction and a base for scientific exploration and foreign scholars, the recent discovery of Sonneratia is the most valuable rare species of plants. Mangroves, sun, sea, beaches, seafood products and the Ming Dynasty Monuments - Harbour Village, the area of the strange things constitute the landscape. Mangroves are tropical and subtropical coastal mudflats on the unique plant communities, is a versatile, multi-effectiveness of the special plants, exotic species. Thus, the International Society on mangroves established, regular academic exchanges and promote the protection and development of mangroves. Mangrove has 15 families and 29 species, because of its varied and crown, and the growth of the sea on the beach, it is "an oasis at sea, maritime forest park" reputation. Since turned into a tourist zone, to visit, study, tourism of visitors.
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No. 3
1, plant mangrove Another important ecological benefits of mangrove is its wind wave dissipation, siltation beach protection, solid shore berm, clean water and air capabilities. Tangled root system that can effectively stranded in the land to sand, to reduce siltation of coastal waters; lush tall green branches and worked the body like the Great Wall, effectively resist the storms hit. August 23, 1958, Xiamen has been hit by a strong typhoon in history a rare attack from the front of 12 typhoons visit to the Xiamen coast, the resulting storm surges, strong and fierce, almost engulfed the coastal areas, people's lives property losses. But not far away from the Xiamen Kok Mei Township, Longhai County, the beach, because of the tall dense growth of mangroves, the results of the banks in the region unscathed lamb, little loss of farm cottages. Guangxi coast occurred in 1986, nearly Bainianweiyu the large storm surges, Hepu County, 398 km long seawall by the waves washed across 294 km, but all Diwai distribution of mangrove areas, sea walls on the hard red cross, economic losses to small. Many people from the vital interests of the mangroves is that they feel the "protection of God." In 1982, overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia brought back specially seedlings Guo, "added Autumn Tree" and three planting of mangrove seedlings for breeding. Mangrove industrial, medicinal and other economic value is also high. China's 37 mangrove species belonging to 20 families, 25 genera (in addition to data from 31 species of 20 genera and 16 families). Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, the southern coast of Fujian and Zhejiang. Mangrove forest in Guangxi autonomous region which the most abundant resources, the country's total mangrove area one-third of mangrove area. Both the types and distribution, in the Pacific West Bank, China's mangrove forests are typical. Mangroves are protected species in China, nearly 10 years, has established a national (3), provincial (4), county (8) 15 protected areas, mangrove forests, and developed a corresponding protection laws and regulations . However, by 10 kinds of state and local laws and regulations to protect the mangrove forests did not escape the disaster Daozu. Nearly 40 years, especially in the last 10 years, due to land reclamation, the sea around farming, deforestation and other human factors, mangrove area from 4.2 hectares in 40 years ago to 1.46 million hectares, less than the world's mangrove area of 1700 million hectares thousandth. Especially in the "Marine Environmental Protection Law" and the "Provisional Regulations on State management of sea areas," issued today for many years, some people ignore national laws and regulations, profit-oriented, is still to cut large areas of mangroves, including several National Mangrove Nature Reserve were subject to different levels of logging damage, especially in the Guangxi autonomous region of mangrove deforestation is staggering. The original 22,387 hectares of mangrove region, to the remaining 5,654 hectares in 1993. According to incomplete statistics, Guangxi has been felled in recent years and has been included in the reclamation plan (approved) will cut down the mangroves to reach nearly 1,000 hectares. Has been included in the "List of Wetlands of China," state protection of important wetlands in Fujian Longhai mangrove protection zone, Longhai City Government in 1998 protected areas without the approval of the competent authorities, will be launched a land reclamation cost of 25 million yuan of engineering, reclamation area of 460 hectares (6,900 acres) is used to engage in farming, it will threaten more than 33 hectares (490 acres) of mangroves survived. Xiamen Western Bay, 80 are still in the east area into a film such as mangroves, with a few years of land reclamation continues to expand and disappear. Birds Futian Mangrove National Nature Reserve. Since 1988, the Shenzhen city construction projects have occupied eight Futian mangrove bird sanctuary within the red line area of 147 hectares of land (2,200 acres), accounting for the entire protected area of the original 48.8% of the total destroyed the dense red 35 hectares of forest (526 acres), accounting for 31.6% of the original mangrove area. Wenchang City, Hainan Province, the former town shop about 6 km along the coastline, more than 67 hectares (1,000 acres) of mangrove area has been fully dig ponds to breed breeding, nearly half of the severely damaged mangroves. Dongzhaigang National Mangrove Nature Reserve, Hainan, China is currently the largest mangrove nature reserve, with a total area of 3300 hectares (50,000 acres), forested area of over 2,000 hectares (30,000 acres), include "List of Wetlands of the world." However, since 1993, there have been people into the protected area of mangrove cut down, dig ponds to breed engage in farming, large tracts of mangrove forests into barren cement pond. Strengthen the protection of mangrove forests In recent years our government to take effective measures to protect the "sea of forest," said the mangrove resources, especially mangrove forests play in purifying heavy metals, pesticides, sewage farming life and ability to prevent the important role of red tides. China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has the largest mangrove forest, but because of deforestation, coastal construction of a number of shrimp fishermen in the past 10 years, the mangrove area of Guangxi, a decrease of 10%. A large number of mangroves have been cut down, destroyed, causing great concern to our government. At present, China has established more than seven provincial-level protected areas, mangrove forests, protection of mangroves accounting for about half of the total mangrove area, and the establishment of the Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, and this is the first relatively complete _set_ of mangroves protection, scientific research and management system. Hirayama salt Kuala Island seaside town has mangroves. 2, the social work program is a mangrove forest in mainland China the first patients for the AIDS and provide care and support services for national projects. The moral of mangroves is: Can the extremely difficult environment to survive and grow, although there are many different each other, but to unite to face the storms, but also provide shelter for the weak. Purpose of mangroves with the government and relevant organizations, agencies and services work for the infection to improve and enhance their living conditions and quality of life, promote active and healthy life, self-reliance, reduce social discrimination. Through the mangroves support hotline for AIDS and related advisory services to patients and psychological support; through Mangroves www.chinamsg.org, "work" books, etc. for the exchange of information between infection; mangroves support local mutual aid groups and self-help projects, including the provision of relevant materials, technical support, training and possible financial support; through books, exhibitions, television documentaries, media cooperation, communication and advocacy approach to community, enhance understanding and communication, reducing ignorance and discrimination. Mangrove project to provide ongoing local capacity building, training and support for those infected as much as possible and patient counseling and services and practical, care and support as many goals.
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Overview of mangroves
Mangrove (Mangrove), is a tropical, subtropical coastal unique plant communities, due to Rhizophoraceae plants mainly composed of the name. Composition of species, including herbs, vines mangroves. It grows on land and sea border with the tidal shallows, is the land over to a special marine ecosystem.
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Ecological benefits of mangroves
Another important ecological benefits of mangrove is its wind wave dissipation, siltation beach protection, solid shore berm, clean water and air capabilities. Tangled root system that can effectively stranded in the land to sand, to reduce siltation of coastal waters; lush tall green branches and worked the body like the Great Wall, effectively resist the storms hit. August 23, 1958, Xiamen has been hit by a strong typhoon in history a rare attack from the front of 12 typhoons visit to the Xiamen coast, the resulting storm surges, strong and fierce, almost engulfed the coastal areas, people's lives property losses. But not far away from the Xiamen Kok Mei Township, Longhai County, the beach, because of the tall dense growth of mangroves, the results of the region's banks safe and sound, loss of farmland little cottage. Guangxi coast occurred in 1986, nearly Bainianweiyu the large storm surges, Hepu County, 398 km long seawall by the waves washed across 294 km, but all Diwai distribution of mangrove areas, sea walls on the hard red cross, economic losses to small. Many people from the vital interests of the mangroves is that they feel the "protection of God." In 1982, overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia brought back specially seedlings Guo "candel Tree", the breeding of three planting of mangrove seedlings. Mangrove industrial, medicinal and other economic value is also high.
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Ecological adaptation of mangrove
Viviparous phenomenon - the most amazing feature of mangroves is the so-called "viviparous phenomenon", mangrove forest, the seeds of many plants, when the mother has not left already started to germinate in the fruit long into rod axes. Hypocotyl growth to a certain extent from the mother tree, falling into the mud at the beach, a few hours can take root in the mud and become new plants, failed to take root in the mud of the axes can be in with the current drifting on the sea for several months, rooted in the growth of the coast thousands of miles away. Special root - the most striking feature of mangroves is intensive and well-developed prop roots, many prop roots grow from the base of the trunk, firmly tied into the mud to form a solid frame, so that mangroves can be under the impact of waves standing still. The prop roots of mangrove plants not only supports itself, but also protect the coast from storm erosion, the mangrove is also known as "Coast Guard." Mangroves are often submerged in the state of the tide, the air is lacking, many mangrove plants have root respiration, root respiration appearance of a thick lenticels, ventilation within the cavernous tissue, mangrove plants to meet the needs of the air . Every tide, when the pillars of a variety of above ground roots and root respiration, criss-cross, making it difficult to pass. Salt excretion phenomenon - a strong tropical beaches sun, rich soil salinity, mangrove and more with the physiological saline and adapt to the morphology of drought, plants with salt glands may discharge excess body was shining leathery leaves, which will help reflect sunlight, reducing evaporation.
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The distribution of mangroves
我国红树林分布情况
China's 37 mangrove species belonging to 20 families, 25 genera (in addition to data from 31 species of 20 genera and 16 families). Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, the southern coast of Fujian and Zhejiang. "Natural Coast Guard" - mangroves Indian Ocean tsunami to the world sounded the alarm. Experts here, we must learn to raise awareness of disaster prevention, in addition to strengthening the coastal breakwater construction, it should be to restore coastal mangrove forests. Mangroves are recognized as "natural coast guard," the role of trees to off_set_ a very large wave. It is grown in tropical and subtropical coastal intertidal plant communities. The world in tropical and subtropical distribution of 70% of coastal mangroves. Species composition dominated by mangrove plants, bark is rich in tannins. Including mangrove plants: specificity of mangrove plants are grown in the mangrove forest and the beach can often be infiltrated by the tides, the intertidal belt of woody plants, including ferns halogen Jue; semi-mangrove plants: a half mangrove plant is only affected by the tide at the flood tide when the infiltration was land, sea and amphibians can be of plant growth and development; associated plant: growth in the tidal mangrove forests are often infiltrated by non-woody plants, such as some palm trees and vines (clover Derris); mangrove plants: classification of mangrove plants is attributable to the Rhizophoraceae plants. The composition of mangrove dominated mangrove plants, such as wood Lam, Hoi Lin, K. candel, mangrove, Rhizophora stylosa and so on. But there are many mangrove plants is not a member of mangroves, such as some long in the land, some length in the mountains, which is non-mangrove Rhizophoraceae; non Rhizophoraceae mangrove species: red mangrove is not only Tree Branch of the plant, as well as halogen Jue Branch, Verbenaceae, Rubiaceae, Hai Sangke, Euphorbiaceae, etc., which is non-mangrove Rhizophoraceae. In fact, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces is the most frequent in China typhoon disaster areas, the storm tsunami greater. Geography, Guangzhou, Guangdong Academy of Sciences researcher Liangguo Zhao Liang Guozhao that, as a defensive crisis, Guangdong and other coastal areas apart from strengthening the breakwater construction, the most important is to restore coastal mangrove forests. Unfortunately, Guangdong in the past there have been more than 50 acres of natural mangrove forest, and now the only remaining less than 10 mu.
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The protection of mangroves
红树林的保护工作
Mangroves are protected species in China, nearly 10 years, has established a national (3), provincial (4), county (8) 15 protected areas, mangrove forests, and developed a corresponding protection laws and regulations . However, by 10 kinds of state and local laws and regulations to protect the mangrove forests did not escape the disaster Daozu. Nearly 40 years, especially in the last 10 years, due to land reclamation, the sea around farming, deforestation and other human factors, mangrove area from 4.2 hectares in 40 years ago to 1.46 million hectares, less than the world's mangrove area of 1700 million hectares thousandth. Especially in the "Marine Environmental Protection Law" and the "Provisional Regulations on State management of sea areas," issued today for many years, some people ignore national laws and regulations, profit-oriented, is still to cut large areas of mangroves, including several National Mangrove Nature Reserve were subject to different levels of logging damage, especially in the Guangxi autonomous region of mangrove deforestation is staggering. The original 22,387 hectares of mangrove region, to the remaining 5,654 hectares in 1993. According to incomplete statistics, Guangxi has been felled in recent years and has been included in the reclamation plan (approved) will cut down the mangroves to reach nearly 1,000 hectares. Has been included in the "List of Wetlands of China," state protection of important wetlands in Fujian Longhai mangrove protection zone, Longhai City Government in 1998 protected areas without the approval of the competent authorities, will be launched a land reclamation cost of 25 million yuan of engineering, reclamation area of 460 hectares (6,900 acres) is used to engage in farming, it will threaten more than 33 hectares (490 acres) of mangroves survived. In 2002, Guangdong Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve, organized by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance as Xiamen Western Bay, 80 are still in the east area into a film such as mangroves, with a few years of land reclamation continues to expand and disappear. 1, mangroves protected areas Shenzhen Futian National Nature Reserve, Mangrove bird. Since 1988, the Shenzhen city construction projects have occupied eight Futian mangrove bird sanctuary within the red line area of 147 hectares of land (2,200 acres), accounting for the entire protected area of the original 48.8% of the total destroyed the dense red 35 hectares of forest (526 acres), accounting for 31.6% of the original mangrove area. In 1984, Shenzhen Futian Mangrove Reserve officially created, then the total area of 304 hectares. Only an old road leads to here, where local fishermen used around the base inherited from fish ponds, and is large tracts of natural mangrove forests, orchards and other natural forests. In 1986, the World Wildlife (International) President of the Foundation, the Queen's husband Prince Philip, the Queen's visit to China, specifically south of Shenzhen, board mangrove bird watching Pavilion, enjoy the scenery of Shenzhen Bay wetlands. Denmark Wildlife Foundation President, the Queen's husband Prince Henrik of Denmark has in 1989, interested in this bird watching and mangrove forests known as the "Green Pearl." Shenzhen Mangrove can be said to be more famous, and now came to Shenzhen in the domestic and overseas tourists to the waterfront should look at the ecological park along the winding coastal mangrove forests, in which tens of thousands of wintering waterbirds Elique spectacular. Mangrove and water separated by a Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve, together constitute the international significance of the Shenzhen Bay wetland ecosystem on the sides of the border has become the most characteristic landscape. Zhuhai, Guangdong Mangroves: mainly Qiao Island, Sai Hengqin and the red flag, and the cock crow Modaomen door near the banks of waterways to the sea, which is located northwest of Tai Wai Wan Qiao Island mangrove protected areas QiAo the largest is the city's best preserved and most concentrated contiguous forest, tree height 4-6 meters. It is not only rare resources Zhuhai is a rare piece of Pearl River Delta, mangrove wetlands, is also rare in the country's mangrove area close to one of the big cities. Dongzhaigang National Mangrove Nature Reserve, Hainan: Wenchang City, Hainan Province, the former town shop about 6 km along the coastline, more than 67 hectares (1,000 acres) of mangrove area has been fully dig ponds to breed breeding, half of the red severely damaged trees. Dongzhaigang National Mangrove Nature Reserve, Hainan, with a total area of 3300 hectares (50,000 acres), forested area of over 2,000 hectares (30,000 acres), included in the "List of Wetlands of the world." However, since 1993, there have been people into the protected area of mangrove cut down, dig ponds to breed engage in farming, large tracts of mangrove forests into barren cement pond. Guangxi Mangrove National Nature Reserve Yamaguchi: Yamaguchi national nature reserve of mangrove 9, 1990 approved the establishment of the China State Council in the first (5) one national marine protected area types, in 1993 joined the Man and the Biosphere, China in 1994, is listed as an important wetland, in May 1997 with the United States, Florida, Luke Li Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve to establish sister relationship between protected areas, in January 2000 joined the UNESCO World Biosphere, 2002, was included in important international wetlands. Yamaguchi mangrove conservation area is located in the subtropical region, located in the Guangxi Autonomous things on both sides of the peninsula, Sha Tin, the total coastline of 50 km, with a total area of 8,000 square kilometers, is China's second national Mangrove Nature Reserve Hainan mangrove reserve Qinglangang: The world's lowest elevation forest, is the most complete protection of mangroves. The geographic coordinates of the center of protected areas-bit 199 ° 34'N, 110 ° 45'E, is located in Wenchang City, Qinglangang coast. Protected area of 2948ha, a forest area of 2732ha. Jurisdiction, including Fung Ka Hong Kong, Hong Kong and other shop front. The sanctuary was built in 1981 batch, the original county, the latter has been upgraded to the provincial nature reserve. _Set_ of protected areas management station, located in the head Wan village. The total protected area of protected areas, though not as Dongzhaigang protected areas, but the forest area, forest age, and length, and many forest shows the characteristics of the original forest. Lin Hai Lin reached if more than a century old, the survey of some of diameter 1.2m, forest structure is complex, there are many epiphytes and vines puts up the meantime. Apart from within the protected area with the same Dongzhaigang mangrove plant species, there is a unique tract of mangrove (Rhizophora Apiculata) woods, along the shore of the formation of Xia Village majestic landscape. Here you can see wood stone small pieces of community. Shea snake-like breathing roots socks are the typical performance here. 4 Sonneratia species, Sonneratia, cups respect Sonneratia, large leaves and Hainan Sonneratia Sonneratia here are the natural distribution of bamboo-like breathing roots of its formation was to be these kinds of colors. Le flowers mice and in Dongzhaigang rare natural communities, and in the tidal creeks of the tidal flats of protected areas, forest edge but it is common associated with other mangrove species. Sea-mango, sea paint Dongzhaigang mangrove natural communities are more easy to find. Species diversity is clearly superior to Dongzhaigang here, with more typical and rare advantage, and thus has greater potential research significance. 2, mangrove swamps Problems Pollution of mangrove protected areas The original ecological environment has been the destruction of many human activities Mangrove stand on the banks of the Shenzhen Bay directly overlooking Lin Haibin ecological park in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, which center known as the "green lung" of the Wetland Park has attracted many tourists, but is facing extinction. Shenzhen Bay water quality black, always with the smell and the smell of fish blowing, mangrove shore a few years ago did not dense. According to experts, research results showed that nearly 20 years, the mangrove area was reduced by half, and this threat continues to exist, including the change because of successful programs will be started arguing with the Shenzhen Bay Sports Center. Mangroves are threatened by a variety of Is located in Shenzhen Futian District, Shenzhen Bay mangrove forest, with the Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance --- Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve of water separated (only 300 meters from the most recent), and 2.2 km away from the central area of Shenzhen, the total area is 367.64 hectares, the smallest of China's national forest and wildlife nature reserves, is the world's only city center area of mangrove wetlands, domestic and foreign environmental experts have called the sea "green treasure." 2006 specialized organizations of the General Office of Shenzhen, the Shenzhen Municipal mangrove wetland status and conservation of an in-depth research, survey results show that, due to the development of real estate, building factories, roads and reclamation of culture and other reasons, steady decline in mangrove wetland area. Currently, more than 50 meters here and nearby high-rise buildings everywhere, has been forced on the sand, the birds along the active area Xiasha had to go to the Che Kung Temple, coastal ecological park area. In addition, there are serious threats to the nature reserve of water pollution. Due to the impact of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, the Shenzhen Bay mangrove more than a moderate pollution state, has seriously affected the life and bird habitat in the end the survival of the mangroves in the copper and other heavy metals, all exceeding the national marine water quality Class V standards. The original mangrove ecological environment destruction by human activities, such as protected areas through the center of Feng Tong River banks and hard water pollution; protected areas and artificial breeding of the wild mangrove field messy coexistence; border patrol road runs through the protected area and so on. Which have caused serious ecological barrier, so that rare species of birds in protected areas gradually decreased frequency of mangrove pests, alien invasive species. Shenzhen Bay should be strict control or reclamation around Strengthen the protection and restoration of mangrove forests is imperative. Should be in the Futian Mangrove Reserve under the guidance of the overall plan to accelerate Fung Tong River Futian Mangrove Restoration Area project construction, while strengthening the cooperation between Shenzhen and Hong Kong, Hong Kong's Mai Po Nature Reserve to establish regional cooperation to further enhance Mangrove Nature Reserve's international status, to achieve mutual benefit and mutual protection of Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve, and measures of consensus. Shenzhen Bay Shenzhen, is a gift given by heaven, if you ignore the degree of tolerance for the exchange of water and then continue on down, could fill half of it, it will accelerate the demise of that other half, Bay of Shenzhen Bay will become a dead stinking quagmire, and that Our sins on the big future generations. The remaining area should be designated as a strict control Wai, reclamation of the sea; Chiwan port (after completion of the berm), Shekou Port's seawall is not in the sea extend further extension, to stabilize the Shenzhen Bay tidal volume, is conducive to ports, basins and waterways in the spread of erosion and dilution of pollutants.
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Same name as the TV series
According to Mo Yan's novel of the same name Title: Mangrove Length: 18 _Set_s Time: 1999 Filming: Shenzhen Haitian Press check of China Daily, Beijing TV now days the Department of Film Co., Ltd. Production staff Written by: Mo Yan Directed by: High today Camera: Zhang Bing Art: Zhang Biao Cast List Feng Guoqing tert-decorated horse Lifeng Xu decorated Lin Lan Xue Jianing pearl jewelry Li Xiaojiang decorated large tiger Synopsis A simple and beautiful girl from the red edge of the woods fishing fishing village into the city, through the emotional ups and downs and the impact interpretation of the complex and varied life. Story has a large area of mangrove forests in the small fishing village and the South China Sea, a new small seaside town. Pearl fishing town working girl, Pearl, general manager of a large tiger on her at first sight, the pearl unmoved. Tiger attempt to seize a large pearl, pearl decided to return mangroves. Great Tiger cadres in the other two tigers and three children under the instigation of the tiger, gang-raped a pearl. Pearl loved one Datong retaliation, Yusha large tiger mother, Vice Mayor of Jaffa Lam, was stabbed in the prosecutor Ma Shu. Big Tiger and with the two tigers, three tigers Xiaoyun women raped, was caught red-handed. Lin Lan eager to save the child, fell into the hands of the Criminal Investigation Section Chief Jinda Chuan. Jin Ma Shu and cattle to withstand pressure, so that the case was finally retried, three tigers were brought to justice. This is the idea of Mo Yan created based on a real case lyrical and lively new work with a shocking reality.
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Encyclopedia
红树林 百科辞典
hongshulin Mangrove mangrove Growth in tropical bay, estuary shallows of a lot of vegetation types. Composed mainly Rhizophoraceae trees, hence the name. Mangrove canopy half submerged at high tide in the surf at low tide on a forest stand in the mud flats; with salt and adapt to physiological drought morphology, cell osmotic pressure is high, prop roots, root respiration developed, the line "viviparous" propagation . These make the formation of a special coastal forest. Distribution of the world's mangrove forests located in the south between the Tropic of Cancer, in some areas due to the warm current of up to latitude 32 ° and latitude 42 °. There are two distribution centers: one in Asia and the Pacific, one in South America, and the more lush the Asia Pacific region. Asia Pacific is a type of mangrove in China, mainly composed of basically the same plant species, the natural distribution area, mainly in Hainan, Taiwan, Guangdong, Fujian coast, the southern coastal Zhejiang Province has seen. Formed mainly by the Rhizophoraceae mangrove trees (see Figure), with many of world species. Composition of mangrove forests in China and some other branches of the species. There are columns belonging to Rhizophoraceae fruit Lam, wood Lam, Hoi Lin, Hai Lin pointed flap, angular fruit, tree K. candel, mangrove, red tomato □ and Rhizophora, etc.; there are other branches of the calyx cup Haisang Ke Hai Sang, Sonneratia leaf, Sonneratia, the racemosa Combretaceae, large sea □ Section paint, wooden fruit Melia Meliaceae, Myrsinaceae the Tung Blossom tree, flowers and bottles Rubiaceae, Goodeniaceae Division Hainan Goodeniaceae, Verbenaceae of mangroves, coconut palms and other water. Mangroves also associated with some of the herbs such as Chenopodiaceae Suaeda, multi-spike sedge flat Lufthansa, Gramineae Paspalum distichum, salt tail millet, halogen halogen ferns and other fern families. Specific tree species with latitude, terrain, mud thickness are different. Hainan Province, the higher the temperature, deep alluvial silt, mangrove plant species more than others, in addition to red eggplant □ In addition, both the island above, and the type of Rhizophoraceae based, some of the narrow range of thermophilic species such as mangroves, sea lotus, fruit rugby column and so on, only distributed within the region. With increasing latitude, decreasing mangrove plant species, from Leizhou Strait to Guangdong, Guangxi coast and coastal islands, are the red species has only Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora candel trees and 4; instead of mangrove Division of species such as mangroves, Aegiceras gradually dominant. Mangrove forest to the south of Fujian, there Zhangpu gymnorrhiza, K. candel trees, mangroves, corniculatum, sea and other paint and rats □ 6, Zhangpu gymnorrhiza north and the sea there will be no paint to Fuding to only 1 species K. candel trees. Taiwan has Rhizophoraceae mangrove wood Lam, Ceriops tagal, K. candel trees, red eggplant □ and other non-mangrove Rhizophora stylosa Division rugby season mangroves. The composition of mangrove plants is also affected by topography, soil and tidal and other effects. Ecological characteristics of the different communities of plants growing in a certain position of the beach to form a line perpendicular to the ribbon with the tide of ecological series. As China is located in tropical northern edge of mangroves, combined with the impact of human activities, the existing mature mangroves remain small, the general state of mostly shrubs. Hainan Province, well-developed mangrove forests 10 to 15 meters high, dark green and dense canopy. Its structure can be divided into three layers, namely, tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. Better coastal protection in China Longhai County, Fujian Liu Village Bay area, the height of mangrove and only 6 to 10 meters, community structure is simple, usually only one layer. Biological characteristics of the distribution of mangroves in coastal areas of China as a tropical monsoon marine type, the average temperature in the 21 ~ 25 ℃, the coldest month average temperature is 12 ~ 21 ℃, the absolute minimum temperature of 0 ~ 6 ℃ or so, most parts of the year without cream. Sea surface temperature around the general average is about 21 ~ 25 ℃. Annual rainfall in most areas are between 1400 and 2000 mm. High salt content, up to 0.46 ~ 2.78%, organic matter content was 3 to 5%. Mangrove litter tannins and sulfur containing components and more in the acid generated under reducing conditions, the table was slightly acidic soil reaction, while the subsoil was slightly alkaline reaction. Heavy clay soil texture, soil deep, grayish blue, and with a fishy smell rot. The level of soil salinity and the type of distribution is closely related to mangroves. Usually by the mangrove, red tomatoes □ communities composed mostly distributed on the beach front, to adapt to the higher soil salinity habitats; Hai Lin, composed of community distribution in the inner edge of the Gulf, to adapt to lower soil salinity habitat, and corniculatum, composed of coconut water is often found in freshwater communities the transfer of the estuary beach. Mangrove plants often flooded by sea water, with salt and adapt more physiological drought morphology. Such as mangroves, wood, leaves etc. Rugby is a leathery, skin and bright, with
