黑山共和國（塞爾維亞語：Република Црна Гора/Crna Gora，即“黑色的山”），臺灣譯蒙特內哥羅或蒙特尼哥羅，是位於巴爾幹半島西南部，亞得裏亞海東岸上的一個多山小國。其東北為塞爾維亞，東為科索沃（2008年2月17日單方面宣佈獨立），東南為阿爾巴尼亞，西北為波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那以及剋羅地亞，西南則為地中海的一部分—亞得裏亞海。
國名
黑山共和國在本國官方語言塞爾維亞語中稱為Република Црна Гора（西裏爾字母）或Republika Crna Gora（拉丁字母），簡稱為Црна Гора或Crna Gora，意為“黑色的山”。西方語文（如英語、意大利語等）中的黑山名稱為Montenegro，該名稱源於意大利語。 monte即是山，negro則是黑色的意思。英語則意為黑人，在西班牙文和意大利文則為黑色的，意義也是“黑色的山”。中國大陸、港、澳將該名稱意譯為黑山，新、馬將該名稱意譯為黑山或音譯為門特尼哥羅，而臺灣則將其音譯為蒙特內哥羅。
1516年，Zeta世俗君主退位，黑山隨即成為以采蒂涅為中心的政教合一國傢，國君為集政教權利於一身的主教。1851年，Danilo II Petrović Njegoš（丹尼洛·彼德洛維奇·涅戈什二世？）放棄宗教頭銜，黑山又成為世俗公國。1876年黑山嚮奧斯曼帝國宣戰，並奪得大量土地。黑山於1878年柏林會議中正式被承認為獨立國。1910年，黑山大公尼古拉一世正式稱王，建立門的內哥羅王國。
黑山74％人口信奉東正教，屬於塞爾維亞東正教會。1993年又建立了一個黑山東正教會，但信徒很少，而且並未得到其他東正教會的承認。18%的人口為穆斯林，其中包括阿爾巴尼亞人、波斯尼亞人等。其中阿爾巴尼亞族主要居住在東部，在東部海港烏爾齊尼（Ulcinj）占多數。波斯尼亞族主要居住在北部。另外還有聚集在沿海地區（如科托爾灣 Gulf of Kotor）的天主教信徒。
著名人物
鬍仙歷-足球員
Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/), (Montenegrin: Црна Гора/Crna Gora, listen (help·info)) (meaning "Black Mountain" in Montenegrin) is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo[a] to the east and Albania to the southeast . Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City..
The thousand year history of the Montenegrin state begins in the 9th century with emergence of Duklja, a vassal state of Byzantium. In those formative years, Duklja was ruled by the Vojislavljevic dynasty. In 1042, at the end of his 25-year rule, King Vojislav won a decisive battle near Bar against Byzantium, and Duklja became independent. Duklja's power and prosperity reached their zenith under King Vojislav's son, King Mihailo (1046-81), and his son King Bodin (1081-1101).. From the 11th century, it started to be referred to as Zeta. It ended with its incorporation into Raska, and beginning with the Crnojevic dynasty, Zeta was more often referred to as Crna Gora or by the Venetian term monte negro. A sovereign principality since the Late Middle Ages, Montenegro saw its independence from the Ottoman Empire formally recognized in 1878. From 1918, it was a part of various incarnations of Yugoslavia. On the basis of a referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June.
Montenegro is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and CEFTA. Montenegro is also a potential candidate for membership of the European Union and NATO. Montenegro presented its official application to the European Union, with the hopes of gaining EU candidate status by 2009, and applied for a Membership Action Plan on November 5, 2008, with the hopes it would be accepted in 2009.. Additionally, Montenegro is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean upon its establishment in 2008.