黑山共和国（塞尔维亚语：Република Црна Гора/Crna Gora，即“黑色的山”），台湾译蒙特内哥罗或蒙特尼哥罗，是位于巴尔干半岛西南部，亚得里亚海东岸上的一个多山小国。其东北为塞尔维亚，东为科索沃（2008年2月17日单方面宣布独立），东南为阿尔巴尼亚，西北为波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及克罗地亚，西南则为地中海的一部分—亚得里亚海。
国名
黑山共和国在本国官方语言塞尔维亚语中称为Република Црна Гора（西里尔字母）或Republika Crna Gora（拉丁字母），简称为Црна Гора或Crna Gora，意为“黑色的山”。西方语文（如英语、意大利语等）中的黑山名称为Montenegro，该名称源于意大利语。 monte即是山，negro则是黑色的意思。英语则意为黑人，在西班牙文和意大利文则为黑色的，意义也是“黑色的山”。中国大陆、港、澳将该名称意译为黑山，新、马将该名称意译为黑山或音译为门特尼哥罗，而台湾则将其音译为蒙特内哥罗。
1516年，Zeta世俗君主退位，黑山随即成为以采蒂涅为中心的政教合一国家，国君为集政教权利于一身的主教。1851年，Danilo II Petrović Njegoš（丹尼洛·彼德洛维奇·涅戈什二世？）放弃宗教头衔，黑山又成为世俗公国。1876年黑山向奥斯曼帝国宣战，并夺得大量土地。黑山于1878年柏林会议中正式被承认为独立国。1910年，黑山大公尼古拉一世正式称王，建立门的内哥罗王国。
黑山74％人口信奉东正教，属于塞尔维亚东正教会。1993年又建立了一个黑山东正教会，但信徒很少，而且并未得到其他东正教会的承认。18%的人口为穆斯林，其中包括阿尔巴尼亚人、波斯尼亚人等。其中阿尔巴尼亚族主要居住在东部，在东部海港乌尔齐尼（Ulcinj）占多数。波斯尼亚族主要居住在北部。另外还有聚集在沿海地区（如科托尔湾 Gulf of Kotor）的天主教信徒。
著名人物
胡仙历-足球员
Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/), (Montenegrin: Црна Гора/Crna Gora, listen (help·info)) (meaning "Black Mountain" in Montenegrin) is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo[a] to the east and Albania to the southeast . Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City..
The thousand year history of the Montenegrin state begins in the 9th century with emergence of Duklja, a vassal state of Byzantium. In those formative years, Duklja was ruled by the Vojislavljevic dynasty. In 1042, at the end of his 25-year rule, King Vojislav won a decisive battle near Bar against Byzantium, and Duklja became independent. Duklja's power and prosperity reached their zenith under King Vojislav's son, King Mihailo (1046-81), and his son King Bodin (1081-1101).. From the 11th century, it started to be referred to as Zeta. It ended with its incorporation into Raska, and beginning with the Crnojevic dynasty, Zeta was more often referred to as Crna Gora or by the Venetian term monte negro. A sovereign principality since the Late Middle Ages, Montenegro saw its independence from the Ottoman Empire formally recognized in 1878. From 1918, it was a part of various incarnations of Yugoslavia. On the basis of a referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June.
Montenegro is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and CEFTA. Montenegro is also a potential candidate for membership of the European Union and NATO. Montenegro presented its official application to the European Union, with the hopes of gaining EU candidate status by 2009, and applied for a Membership Action Plan on November 5, 2008, with the hopes it would be accepted in 2009.. Additionally, Montenegro is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean upon its establishment in 2008.