Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол улс), commonly known as Mongolia. The People's Republic of China is located in the north, the Russian Federation to the south of landlocked countries in Asia. Ulan Bator, the capital is scheduled. Formerly the Mongolian People's Republic. History Mongolian inhabited the Mongolian Plateau in northern China, Genghis Khan established the Mongol Empire by the Mongols, was once ruled a powerful empire of Eurasia. The northern half of the Mongolian Plateau in China today called Outer Mongolia, and Chinese traditional province of Inner Mongolia near the southern half of the claimed. In Mongolian language, "South" and "in" with the word. Outer Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty called "Khalkha" general jurisdiction located Uliastai (provincial administrative region). General jurisdiction to the east near the Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, west to the Altai mountains to connect the south and the Inner Mongolia reach Hanhai connected to the north and the Russian border. Qing Hui Dian has always been to Khalkha called Outer Mongolia, there are four: the Department of Soil DR plan, the Chechen Ministry of Zha Sake map Department, the Department of Game Music Nuo Yan. Republic of China and the Soviet Union in 1945, was signed with Mongolia, "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance", agreed to a referendum decide the future of Mongolia. But retreated to Taiwan in, as the National Zhengfu that the Soviet secret Zhichi KMT-CCP Chinese Communists during the civil war, then Yu in 1949 at the United Nations adopted the Le "control Su An", then once again Bu to give up the external Mongolia Di Zhu Quan, the details see the Outer Mongolia 独立. The People's Republic of China on Oct. 16, 1949 and the Mongolian People's Republic established diplomatic relations. Republic of China from September 1, 2002 and from mutual establishment of trade and economic representative office in Mongolia. Geography Mongolia's terrain Mongolia secluded inland Eurasia, is East Asia, is the world's second largest land-locked countries (Kazakhstan, the first significant). Most of the mountain or plateau, with an average altitude of 1600 meters. Western mountainous Altai from northwest to southeast winds. Sino-Mongolian border in the friendship of peak 4374 meters above sea level, the national peak. Other Aienheta Ivan mountain altitude 3905 m, 3738 m above sea level Agra mountain, 2825 meters above sea level Suntech mountain, 2799 meters above sea level Zhaluqiute Hill. Multi-basin and the valley between mountains; eastern highlands flat terrain; the south is the total land area of 1 / 3 of the Gobi region. West Lake more. Major rivers as the Selenga, Orkhon, Kolb, r., herlen, dzavhan River. The largest saltwater lake Uvs Lake area 3350 square kilometers, the largest freshwater lake Khar-Us Nuur, also the Kyrgyz lake, Hovsgol Lake, achit lake. Is a typical temperate continental climate with large temperature difference, short and dry and hot in summer and winter long and cold, often storm is Eurasia, "cold" (also known as "cold"), one of the cradles. Administrative Division Mongolia is divided into 1 city, 21 provinces. Mongolia Chief Planning Union of Mongolian capital of the Mongolian area (sq km) Population COK location Ulaanbaatar, Ulaanbaatar Улаанбаатар хот Улаанбаатар 4,700 760,077 1 22 Orkhon Province Орхон Erdenet Эрдэнэт 840 71,525 35 14 Darkhan-Uul province Дархан-Уул Darkhan Дархан 3,280 83,271 37 5 Kent province Хэнтий Öndörkhaan Өндөрхаан 80,300 70,946 39 11 Hovsgol province Хөвсгөл moron Мөрөн 100,600 119,063 41 13 Hovd Province Hovd Ховд Ховд 76,100 86,831 43 12 Uvs province Увс Ulaangom Улаангом 69,600 90,037 46 20 Central Province Төв dzuunmod Зуунмод 74,000 99,268 47 19 Selenge province Сэлэнгэ Sukhbaatar Сүхбаатар 41,200 99,950 49 17 Sukhbaatar province Сүхбаатар ourthe occidentale Баруун-Урт 82,300 56,166 51 18 South Gobi Province Өмнөговь dalandzadgad Даланзадгад 165,400 46,858 53 16 Ovorkhangai Province Өвөрхангай Arvayheer Арвайхээр 62,900 111,420 55 15 Dzavhan Province Завхан Uliastai Улиастай 82,500 89,999 57 21 Mandal Gobi desert in the province of Дундговь Мандалговь 74,700 51,517 59 8 Eastern Province Дорнод Choibalsan Чойбалсан 123,600 75,373 61 6 East Gobi province Дорноговь game sound business ethics Сайншанд 109,500 50,575 63 7 Govisümber Province Говь-Сүмбэр Choir Чойр 5,540 12,230 64 10 Gobi Altai province Говь-Алтай Altai Алтай 141,400 63,673 65 9 Bulgan Province Bulgan Булган Булган 48,700 61,776 67 4 Bayanhongor Province Баянхонгор Bayanhongor Баянхонгор 116,000 84,779 69 2 Bayan aymag Баян-Өлгий Ölgii Өлгий 45,700 91,068 71 3 Arkhangai Province Архангай tsetserleg Цэцэрлэг 55,300 97,091 73 1 Politics The early 1990s, the system adopted by the National People's Congress parliamentary system. From all over the election of members to form the Parliament, the Mongolian "Great Hural (Ikh Khural; Courier Taiwan). Mongolia, multi-party system, there are currently 16 registered political parties. In 2006, the ruling party of the former communist party Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The largest opposition Democratic Party of Mongolia from 1996 to 2000, had power. Population Total population: 2,791,272 people (July 2005) Population density: 1.73 persons / per square kilometer (2003) Mongolia is sparsely populated, the lowest population density of South Gobi province, only 0.233 people per square kilometer. The official language is Khalkha Mongolian (see Mongolian), is common to Cyrillic text as (Cyrillic, Slavic language) written in the Mongolian alphabet. In Mongolia, the older generation to learn a foreign language mostly Russian, but the new generation to learn a foreign language and more people learning English and Chinese. In addition to official languages, a further 15% of the population that other Mongolian dialects, Turkic ethnic minority language use. Education The implementation of the national system of universal free general education. Major institutions of higher learning are: National University, Technical University, National Taiwan Normal University, National agricultural University, Medical and other. Culture Mongolian culture deeply influenced by Buddhism, the Mongols had belief in shamanism, first contact with Buddhism was cutting payments, Muqali received two Han monks, introduce them to Genghis Khan, said they told heaven, removed from the monks tax reserve, later ogadai, the broad-ended Tibetan, Sakya monks local surrendered to Kublai Khan, the Pagba become emperor division, Kublai Khan and the Queen's police will be ordained, Lamaism (Tibetan Buddhism) popular, but only the upper, lower still believe in Shamanism, the Yuan forces of great lamas, but the element destruction, the power dissipated Lamaism. Buddhist philosophy had some impact on the Mongolian settlement, the Mongols began to build temples, he was a businessman in Cite Coulomb distribution center and through the center, a School of Economics, Xiuman courses, pass the exam given by the Buddhist philosophy degree. Cullen became centers of Lamaism to the Yellow Sect especially popular. Lama and the Lama Temple to become an educational institution, in the future also take this as the capital of Mongolia. Languages Mongolian mainly, but also in Russian. Media MTA (the Mongolian news agency) was established in 1921, in October 1957 to the national news agency. Now Moscow, Beijing and Ulan-Ude had a permanent press. Radio Mongolia (Ulan Bator, radio): state radio. September 1, 1934 the first broadcast, use Khalkha Mongolian. External use of Mongolia, Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Britain, France, 7 languages. There will be relay stations in five provinces, more than 90% coverage. Mongolian TV (national TV): September 27, 1967 TPR. "Eagle" TV: Mongolia and the United States joint venture of private television stations. April 1996 TPR, daily broadcasts, in addition to broadcast programs in Mongolian, the main broadcast "CNN" program. Military Mongolian People's Army on March 18, 1921 to create. The president is also commander in chief of the armed forces. Civilian defense minister since 1996 to implement the system. Independent of the Department of Defense's Armed Forces General Staff. In 1996 Parliament passed the Government of Mongolia, "Policy Agenda" clearly defined, will create a lean professional army, strengthening the border guards, used in national defense policy priorities and political - diplomatic means. Armed Forces Chief of General Staff Lieutenant for the policy 达希泽伯格 (August 1998 onwards). Compulsory military service, since 1998, an increase of substitution, the contract system of military service and service satisfaction. 1992 military service to one. In 1997 the total strength of a total of 2 million people, the armed forces into brigade-level units of basic establishment. Economy Abundant mineral resources, coal, fluorite, tungsten, gold, iron, tin and other large reserves. Copper, molybdenum ore storage capacity ranks first in Asia. Forest coverage rate was 8.2% (December 24, 2004 released by the Ministry environment of Mongolia). Industry to meat, milk, leather and other animal products processing industry mainly wood processing, power, textile, clothing and mining industry has a certain scale. Livestock has been the basis of the national economy, the main breeding sheep, cattle, horses, camels. Agriculture to grow wheat, vegetables, mainly potatoes and fodder crops. Fish-rich Lake Hovsgol. The ancient capital of Karakorum, Hovsgol Lake, Telieerji, South Gobi, East Gobi and Altai hunting zones is the famous tourist spot. Mongolia's economy is relatively backward, the per capita GDP (2006 years) in the world ranking of 120 up and down. Former Soviet Union, Mongolia, the Soviet Union received substantial assistance. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Mongolia's industrial base is weak, backward production technology, environmental destruction, desertification, severe lack of infrastructure and other issues surfaced. In recent years, since 2002, sustained economic development of Mongolia's annual GDP growth of 6%; 2007 GDP growth of 9%. At the same time, about 36% of the population living below the poverty line, unemployment and inflation rates are stubbornly high. Mongolia's largest trading partner is China. In 2003, 46.6% of Mongolia's exports, exports to China, while imports from China accounted for 24.4% of all imports. Main export livestock products, imports of machinery equipment, fuel, industrial raw materials and daily necessities, etc.. Mongolia's oil product imports from Russia more than 80%. Investment in Mongolia and help the country build its neighboring countries and more countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, Russia and so on. Traffic To the main rail and road. Railway freight charge of the nation's 3 / 4 and passenger 1 / 3. Railways: total length of 1810 km (2006). Highways: total length of 49,250 km (2002). Airport 44 (2007). 580 km of river channel (2004).
Mongolia (měng-): ① national name. See the historical records until the Tang dynasty. Home Argun River in early, then gradually spread to large areas of the Mongolian plateau, led a nomadic life. The early 13th century Genghis Khan united the various ministries, established the Mongol Khanate. After large-scale military activities, has Gongmie Liao, Western Xia, gold, marble, Southern Song Dynasty, unified the country, the establishment of the Yuan dynasty, the Russian forces in South and Central Asia and other distant places. ② landlocked country in Central Asia. Between China and Russia. Area of 156 65 million square kilometers. Population 2.31 million (1995). Ulan Bator. Throughout the plateau. Drought. Grasslands are widely distributed, southern Gobi area. Population mainly engaged in animal husbandry. Livestock processing industries are the most important. Copper-molybdenum mining has become quite large.
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English Expression
n.: mongolia
French Expression
n. Mongolie
Thesaurus
Outer Mongolia, Mon country with a long history menggu Township
Ulaanbaatar hot