Italy's capital and historic city. Slavery in Ancient Mediterranean power, material and spiritual culture of its achievements, and future generations a considerable influence of western culture
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赫胥黎著、 严复译《天演论》
Huxley was, Yan Fu, "Evolution and Ethics"
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意大利首都和最大城市
Italy's capital and largest city. Population 2.8 million (1995). The birthplace and capital of the Roman Empire. Renaissance art treasures, cultural city. World-renowned tourist destination. Large-scale multi-city old buildings, sculptures and fountains, a colosseum big arena, the large cirque, Panthéon temple, etc.. Southern Metro is a modern garden city has skyscrapers. Northwest of the Vatican City as the seat of the Holy See.
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No. 5
Rome best time to travel: Rome warm climate, clear four seasons, dry summer, rainy winter. Full of charm all year round, at any time to visit the area will feel very happy, in 7-8 months is the tourist season, tourists flock to this spring season is a good time for leisure. Seasons Spring top: With the yellow mimosa flowers out of Rome, will spring up. March 8 Women's Day, men regard the mimosa flowers as a gift to his wife or lover. Uncle market selling vegetables, flowers will use mimosa decorated the shop, but also gave the familiar ladies as a gift. Children who put no money come pilfering my dear mother gave mimosa, so that they have a warm holiday. Summer top: Rome Summer Festival, with the entry. In the June 23, 24, San Giovanni Festival, eating snails, roasted whole pigs, and then holding the wines is a singing competition until late at night. Then, in mid-July, the lively festival in trust InterVideo Lara Aintree start screen. Lively festive atmosphere by the impact of whole body of people excited about the energy released in this holiday. From the city to traffic between Rome attractions to disappear, usually take 30 minutes now takes only 10 minutes. These cases will appear only in summer, because the holiday season has arrived. Kick down the door off of shops close to leave the notice of Rome in the summer tourists are seen everywhere. Autumn top: the skin is browned people back to the office, the school's new term begins. Turvey column referred to the river red horse chestnut leaves, marking the end of the summer. In September of last Sunday, people will watch all the pointer allocated an hour later. As winter arrived suddenly like, an hour ahead of the evening is very quiet. But from now on is the fun season of the Romans. Wine producing area in the outskirts of Rome Frasnian Katy, wines from the fountain spray, and this is a wine festival began. Christmas (natale) 12 月 25 日 Christmas in Rome, the Pope in a special program is a grand ceremony held at the Vatican, including the Christmas Eve vigil in the basilica. In 12 months, Paul VI Hall (aula paolo vi) also hold traditional concerts for charity. Donated by different countries every year the birth of Christ and the huge Christmas tree decorated _set_ in St. Peter's Church. Rome New Year's Eve (san silvestro a roma) 12 月 31 日 The Plaza in the city to celebrate the traditional end of the year activities, fireworks show, bonfire party and rock concerts. President of the Republic will be held at the piazza del quirinale classical concerts. This world iron working late. That Verner Christmas market (mercato di natale a piazza navona) 12 8 November - January 6 next year By tradition handed down from medieval times, driven, a large number of stalls poured into piazza navonaas, selling toys, candy, holiday decorations, and there are street artists entertaining the masses. With Italy's Santa Claus wizard befana to Rome presents to children, the market will also be closed on January 6. Epiphany (epifania) 1 月 6 日 Manifestation of the festive commemoration of Jesus, but also Italy's Children's Day. Legend of the day a witch riding a broom befana got into the house from the chimney to put the presents given to children in the boot. As a result, adults put the children in a variety of gifts packed in boots, on the mantelpiece, while naughty children receive carbon block looks like a black sugar. Carnival (carnevale) 41 days before Easter According to Christian doctrine, after the big start of Lent, so to make time to enjoy happiness. Now people are not very concerned about the canons, but inherited the tradition of carnival. Easter (pasqua) full moon after the vernal equinox each year the first Sunday, usually in early April Eggs, rabbits, and chicks are symbols of this festival, representing the birth of new life. Rome Birthday, April 21 Celebrate the founding of Rome (753 BC). All the archaeological sites and museums are free and open operations. May Day Concert, May 1 By the trade unions, 2:00 pm to 11:00 pm, some of the most important and most popular singers and bands people will be in San Giovanni Square (piazza san giovanni) a traditional concert. National Day (festa nazionale) 6 月 2 日 Establishment of the Republic Day. In via dei fori imperiali a military parade in the afternoon except quirinal gardens open to the public. Ba Yuejie (ferragosto) 8 月 15 日 Held a grand dance festival in August (gran ballo di ferragosto). Many of the city square to the suburbs from the city center, will host professional dance performances, music by the live performance, the public was invited to dance to. Each square has a different kind of dance, from tango to rock, from hip hop to punk, and so on. piazza del popolo is the center of activity. People around the resort in Ba Yuejie, avoid the hottest time of the year. Night as day (la notte bianca) 9 月 17 日 Cultural activities, shops, bars, clubs open all night. Halloween (ognissanti) 11 月 2 日 Similar to our festival is a remembrance day of the enemy, to grave and memorial to chrysanthemum. American style is not popular Halloween activities in Italy. Rome reminded: Practical Small information: Rome Postal Code: 00100 Rome long distance area code: 06 Get travel information: Termini Station Tourist Service Center: Located in the mouth after the ticket hall, get free city map of Rome, urban bus travel information, but can not provide hotel reservations. Rome Local Tourism Bureau (apt): Rome offers a full range of travel information, such as city map, list of hotels, attractions information. But does not provide booking services. Address: via parigi 5 Tel: (06) 488 991 Office hours: 9:00 ~ 19:00 Closed: Sundays and holidays Tourism Company: Tourism Termini station platform 3 is located in the front. Not only can book hotels, but also distribution map and hotel list. The main office of Tourism from the Termini station in the 500 meters, through the right side of Republic Square via parigi, Rome and Lazio where the information can also provide advice. Available in Italian, English, French and German. Address: via nazionale (palazzo delle esposizione) Office hours: 10:00 ~ 18:00 Sunday and holidays 10:00 ~ 13:00 Closed: Monday Italian Government Tourist Board (enit): Italy tourist information about the country, located right in front of Termini station via marghera the Italian Government Tourist Board can get. Tourist complaints were also there to find here. Address: via marhera 2 Office hours: 9:00 ~ 17:30 Closed: Saturdays, Sundays and national holidays Currency exchange: Convertible foreign exchange in general banking, bank agency within the station, the airport exchange office, the city's Exchange stores, airports, railway stations where there are 24-hour automated change machine. Exchange rate in the general areas listed above are high, and attractions in the vicinity of the exchange rate is relatively low. Also note that although the high rates in some places, but the fees are high. Bank Holidays, then in the store can also be the way for cash, without charge, a special exchange rate than at high. City Bank Hours: 8:30 ~ 13:00; 14:45 ~ 15:45, Saturday, Sunday closed. Station Exchange Service Hours: 8:30 ~ 19:30, only 8:30 ~ 14:30 Sunday is Post l'ufficio postale Send letters and postcards: 20 grams ,21-100 g 0.77 EUR € 1.55. Parcel: 10 kg € 118.27, € 211.23 20 kg. Speedpost posta prioritaria more than the price, in addition to air and sea posta aerea posta via mare to choose from. Telephone Bureau l'ufficcio telefonico More ready to change some of the phone or use the phone cards can be direct from a nearby public phone in many countries around the world. However, considering the trouble and ready to change the street noise, or in the telephone office better. Telephone office also 圣希尔威斯 Castro Plaza next to the post office and the Termini station opened two branch. The telephone office in Termini branch open until midnight 12. In Italy, even local calls also need the area code. Visa: First, how to apply for a visa But countries from the Schengen visa issued by the country there is still some limitations: if the first leg of the state to Europe have to go to the country; some countries to require the State as a major European tourist destination, or stay can not be shorter than a certain time constraints, with particular attention. Second, the Schengen Agreement "Schengen Agreement", also known as the "Schengen Agreement", the "Schengen Convention", in July 1995 to become fully effective. A member of the Schengen Convention, also known as the "Schengen countries" or "the Schengen Convention country", members of the general called "Schengen Zone." The purpose of the Schengen Convention is to abolish the border between checkpoints, and coordination of border control outside the Schengen area. Namely the abolition of border controls between member countries, holding valid identity card or visa any member who can flow freely in all member States. Under the agreement, holders of one of the tourists if the country can be legally valid visa to visit all the other Schengen countries. After the signing of the Convention there have been new countries to join in, as of 2003, the Schengen Member States to 15: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. These countries are Schengen area today. In May 2004 the 10 EU countries (ie Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Malta and Cyprus) also took part in the Schengen Agreement, but the actual situation of each country in 2006 after specific implementation. Roman cuisine: In recent years, fruit, vegetables, fish, olive oil, supplemented by a small amount of meat, the "Mediterranean diet" has increasingly gained attention around the world and study the medical profession. It is said that "Mediterranean diet" is not only that people can get balanced nutrition, and long-term consumption, health benefits, can effectively reduce the incidence of heart disease. The Italian representative of the Mediterranean diet. Italian food is the most important ingredients of tomato, onion, garlic, deep-sea fish, olive oil. Nutritionists around the Mediterranean population study found that: these people in the incidence of cardiovascular disease 90% lower than the United States, breast cancer incidence 25% lower than in Japan. Because the local diet, monounsaturated fatty acids contained in high and difficult to cause atherosclerosis. Basil, rosemary and sage and other herbs in Italian cooking essential material, usually a dish just add a little vanilla, you can try out the food flavor. These herbs abundant in the Mediterranean region, has been commonly used in cooking since ancient times on, and slowly accumulated, people know what the different material should be equipped with vanilla. In fact, the biggest role vanilla flavor of the food is released, and the whole dish more delicious. Rome, Italy, brought together around the country and around the world have a variety of dishes to taste is the fun of exploring the city. However, any a tourist cities, Rome did not have many local restaurants, only to tourism as the main target customers, and to taste the authentic local cuisine, we must choose a restaurant packed with locals. Young people like the restaurants on the square in that Verner, Campo Difeiaoli Square and east of the University of Rome Termini station and the surrounding area and along the Tiber River Crest Wheeler Torah. Restaurant in the luxurious to the attention of senior, said some people specialized in the back of the restaurant waiting for this attack came out from the restaurant's half-drunk guests, so it is best put in the restaurant called a taxi, at the restaurant entrance to the car. Italian Restaurant: can be divided into formal restaurants, fast food restaurants, cafeterias and so on. Formal restaurant has its own restaurant with national cuisine and a variety of foreign restaurants, different specifications, the flavor is different. More formal dining here, the waiter is strictly trained. Serving the order of a channel at a fixed ground. Fast food is generally located in the city center, busy street or intersection, for many people dining in a short time. Buffet restaurants are usually open on the highway near the gas station or a large bustling city center. Ming bid price of the package is very common, where high prices in the 30-70 euro, the average place in the 20-30 euro. 10 euros with ordinary restaurant dishes up and down the sleeve. Italy _set_s of dishes is the first order of soup, noodles, the second is the meat and fish main courses, the third is a salad, vegetables, and fruits, coffee. Drink the wine represented. Dining hours: Lunch about 12:00 ~ 15:00, Dinner 19:30 ~ 22:30. Restaurant closed the afternoon two or three hours. Law, in the restaurant to obtain a receipt, please note. Italian Bar: Italy around the bar a lot. Italy, like the Chinese tea bar, people are accustomed to the bar in his spare time drinking coffee, chatting, biding his time. The bar also sells bread, ice cream and other snacks. Morning, a favorite cup of cappuccino, which is Italian-style breakfast. Rome Shopping: shopping everywhere in Europe, but Italy can be said to be "heaven in paradise." In Rome, from the special supplies to the trendy high-level small things everything evil, the most readily available in Europe something good and cheap place. In addition to leading fashion, but here, leather goods, stationery, porcelain, glassware, are world-renowned, religious arts and crafts are unique local flavor of a good Roman souvenirs. Rome's large department stores in Europe, not excellent, but there are many fine shops, from famous to obscure the famous (but very high quality of commodities often) both. Boutiques such as etro, armani, prada, and gucci, in Rome are just a small shop. Because it is the origin, the prices are cheaper, but because of the small, so staff tend to have better product knowledge, but also enjoy better service. But if only the pursuit of brand-name while ignoring the other shop is very unfortunate, because almost every shop has its own supply, or even made from the sale of goods, often surprises. Each of the many bomtique's personality, people especially like shopping in Italy. In Rome, these shops are more concentrated in the "Spanish Steps" opposite the condotti, borgognona, frattina and other streets. Second viadel babuino and via delcorso other streets, but also boutiques everywhere, endless shopping. Some people like the "more" popular in recent Vatican's via cola di rienzo, or "more" popular via nationaie and viatritome. Rome store hours are 9:00 - 13:00,16:00-20:00. Sunday and Monday morning almost all the shops are closed, do not mistake the time Baipaoyitang. Sale saldo season in Italy twice a year, about 1 from the beginning of the winter months, beginning in early summer from July to the August. Although the store is slightly different time, as long as the price reduction shop plastered with paper, can be seen immediately. Popular shops and even a sale and someone from the morning to wait in line. December 8 to January 6 next year's piazza navona Christmas market (mercato di natale a piazza navona), is the purchase of toys, candy, holiday decorations new and interesting gadgets such as a good place. Drawback You in all European countries to buy goods, all contain VAT. The tax value is added by each business on the net, you have the right to leave the VAT back. You can let the airport, ferry and road border duty free shops in Europe VAT refund immediately, but to accurately follow the following rules: The first step in the shop: Asked the servant to bring you a "tax check", then please check clerk in the tax-free and accurately fill in your address (city, street, house number) and your passport number, and each of the items purchased in the Details of tax-free states on the check or invoice. If the writing on the invoice, sales invoice must stick to check the following accompanying documents (invoices are not allowed away), sales tax check will also indicate the amount you can get a refund. In order to avoid problems arising out of the border, remember to always check the invoice with tax-free saving. In addition to duty-free checks, you have to always pay cash at the same time request a list of points (for example, tax-free envelopes.) The second step, the Customs: When you are ready to leave the EU directly, you must exit before the duty-free shopping along with the check and submitted to the customs border, customs duty will be built in the exit stamp on the check, as has been the export certificate. The third step, the airport: In order to have enough time to go through the formalities of tax rebate, you must reserve at least 30 minutes for this. You can for refunds the following guidelines: In the show, after you get the customs stamp, if other than by tickets to the European Union confirmed to the customs officials, you will not deviate from the long stopover flight plan, then you can put your shopping into the box and it is a the practice will not cause problems. If you forget to cover the departure airport, the Customs seal, you can also after the halfway point within the EU are seal, but please note that items not allowed to put your box, because they do not produce goods, you will not get the customs Chop! The fourth step, cash payments: Be imprinted in the customs, you can be paid in cash in Europe at the duty-free shops, where you can get cash, and get your desired currency. In Europe the border, all major highways, ferries and the airport, duty free shops in Europe are equipped with a cash payment sector. Even if you did not find a tax-free cash points, no time or cash on the work of time has elapsed, then please check the tax-free, and your credit card account in the accurate description sent to: europa tax-free shopping processing center turbelgasse 19, a-1030 wien, austria. Special Note: Duration: time between shopping and export, which is the purchase date and the time between the date of the customs stamp, does not allow more than three months, in fact, this is the end of the month by your counting the shopping. This means that if you purchased on March 1, as long as you put items in the June 30 with exit, you can retreat to VAT. When you get the export certificate (Customs stamp), it should be submitted immediately duty-free duty-free shops in Europe, check. But basically, the European duty-free shops are willing to pay the check within three years. Rome Transportation: From the airport to Rome city: ① between the airport and the city Leonardo Express leonard express, about 30 minutes by car, then buy a ticket in the ticket is 9.5 euros, 14 euros in the car purchase is necessary. The airport to the Termini station operation hours are 6:37 ~ 23:37, every 30-60 minutes, the station to the airport hours of operation are 5:52 ~ 22:52. ② There is also the train stops at every station, from the airport to Di Boti that tibutina station, takes about 40 minutes, full fare € 5. Airport operation hours are 6:27 ~ 21:27, every 30-60 minutes, Di Boti operating time is that the station starting 5:36 ~ 20:36 every 15-60 minutes, 21:36 to 22 : 36 every 30 minutes. InterVideo were stopped along the way at the Atlas Mine trastevere, Aositingsai ostience, soil Sklar that tuscolana. ③ night bus stop after the airport lines, night buses start running. Di Boti from the Airport to the station car that were 1:15, 2:15, 3:30, 5:00 start, stopover Termini station takes about 50 minutes, fare € 5,, return ticket price of 3.62 euros, departure time is 0:30,1:15,2:30,3:45. Termini Station Train to Rome, Termini station stazione termini is equivalent to the door. From the train, outside Italy, only to check the passports in the car even if the completed immigration formalities. If you are driving at night sleeper train, received by the crew to keep the passport in advance, still sleeping after finishing the immigration formalities of the situation is common. Termini station, as its name is a terminal, is a railway train can not pass through the end of the station. It is based on the idea of Mussolini, with plenty of marble and glass built in a bright, modern station. 5 sites in front of tourist service center. The site along the left and right sides, respectively, luggage storage, waiting room, toilet. The ticket gate next to the commissary, exchange office, bar, restaurant, etc., and then move forward is the ticket office and booking the window seat, it is arranged opposite the vending machine, behind the national railway information desk on the left is the currency exchange very convenient. Through the glass is in front of five hundred people can see the orange square in the city square and the bus station - a large bus and taxi ride at the waiting room. M mark along the stairs to the ground, is that we can take the subway a, b Line subway station. Subway metropolitana Rome has two subway lines: a line of orange and blue of the b lines, intersection in the Termini station. Metro will not encounter traffic jams, security is also good, until 23:30 before the last train to start frequently, very convenient. The logo is white on red metro m symbols, very smart. Tickets: one-way ticket 1 euro, in 75 minutes free transfer on a bus, tram and metro (subway limited by time.) Day ticket € 4, three-day ticket € 11, € 16 weekly ticket. Running time: 5:30 ~ 23:30, Saturday extended to 0:30 am. Important sites: a line: ottaviano Station (Vatican to Kang), spagna station (Spain Square), barberini station (Wynette Avenue), repubblica station (Republic Square), s giovanni station (拉特拉诺圣乔 Tiffany church). b Line: circo massimo Station (Caracalla Baths) Bus autobus Rome city buses are orange, and the driver and conductor. Driving time is 5:30 ~ 24:00, the line is also very dense, covering almost the entire urban area. But the staff is often crowded bus crime is the best place of the thief, so be careful. Mainly in the suburbs around the tram road. Tram emissions because they do not, so driving can be very close to the line of ancient monuments. The number of night buses marked with the letter "n", drive time is 0:10 ~ 5:30. Rome, there is a blue tourist bus, visitors must take this team bus, the bus fare expensive than the average, but directly to the spot, saving time and effort. Taxi taxi Rome is a regular white or yellow taxi. In the streets of Rome, people rarely see Kongshi taxi, when I see one empty, you waved, and he does not stop, because he is someone else's phone call. Here's a taxi at the airport, train stations, attractions and downtown on the square has a fixed number of stops, or you can telephone appointment, but in this case the fare from the point of departure the date. Rome also has the "black car", swindling mostly things to do these black cars, so the taxi to go to the specified Station, take the initiative to come to solicit business on the driver to be particularly vigilant. Fare: starting at 2.33 euros, 0.11 euros to the magnitude of subsequent increase. 22:00 to 7:00 starting at € 4.91, Sundays and holidays starting at € 3.36, € 1.04 per large luggage, Outer Ring Expressway 1.29 euros / km, the inner ring € 0.78 / km. Rome Hotel: Rome as a tourist destination popular with species, grade complete a variety of hotels, luxury hotels transformation of the old palaces and noble residences, the historic transformation of the elegant hotel, have their own characteristics; the big chain hotels modern facilities complete and convenient; small family hotel comfortable and warm; youth hostels affordable; suitable for long-term rental apartment hotel ... ... lavish or humble, be able to find your favorite. From Termini station ticket gate out of the station near the ticket office there was a display board, above a restaurant and hotel availability, addresses, and maps. This is for those who have decided to stay at the hotel is very convenient to passengers, but information is not accurate picture will be more. Travel off-season to Rome, in general can quickly find the room, but the season had to be scheduled. Generally, peak season is March -11 April, the end of the off-season is 11 to 2 months. Advanced-star hotel in the country can ask the travel agency to book, if you want to live in the economy would by themselves a hotel, the best to stay at the hotel in advance to find the phone or fax, to _set_tle in the country, at least get a good _set_ first day of the room, they are not temporary hectic. Notes: Hotel prices are almost bound to rise each year. Italian restaurants around 1-2 times a year to adjust the price, which under the jurisdiction of the local tourism sector by the decision of the off-season and the season has some of the float. Hotel rates and the effective time posted on the inside of the door of the room, be sure to check whether the amount of the hotel said the same. Double room just a bed, the general provisions of the price by up to 35% of double room price. If the price includes breakfast, you can choose not to, prior notice to the shop, generally the breakfast fee refunded. Termini railway station, the station is surrounded by many guests stay with the "Wizard", in fact, we often say, "care", hotel accommodation for 20% tend to pay these "wizards" for reward, the price is certainly higher than the average. Rome Entertainment: Chinese tourists to the beginning of Rome, Rome, the theater may find karaoke than China's more than ok. It is said that Roman leisure time is allocated as such: one-third of the time in the bar, one-third of the time travel, as well as one-third of the time in the theater. Rome was not particularly rich in entertainment, the theater can be the most important content. So, to Rome, only to see an opera in person, be considered a worthwhile trip, also be considered as truly "when in Rome" the. Roman theater is not only content rich, and most ticket prices low, on the groups, there are benefits for the elderly and youth, and the people absolutely affordable consumption. Not only that, there is everywhere the Roman amphitheater, and open-air concert is free money, and if you have interest to be a ears. During major festivals, the magnificent Opera House may also have a free performance. Rome has many folk art groups, more formal performances by their organization, and in the media performance information to the public, the day where there will be several or even dozens of performances to choose from. The face of this great concert or opera program, people can not help to choose among the dilemma will be issued such a sigh: Roman town worthy of the opera, the music of the village. Rome has two important musical season, the winter at Rome Opera House, the summer season of outdoor performances in the Caracalla. Performances beginning of the season, in the theater, etc. can get one with performances scheduled during the season brochure. Performed the opening day of the season and the new movie premiere wearing the dress is common sense, so often filled the hall wearing a dress and evening dress ladies and gentlemen. Even in normal performance, not too casual wear clothing. Rome is a treasure house of art, cultural city, "city resembles a giant open-air museum." Ancient ruins in Rome, stands the Imperial Senate, the Arc de Triomphe, Ji Gong column, the Pantheon and the Colosseum and other world famous monuments; There are also many fine Renaissance architecture and art. In addition, the City Hall next to the front steps there since ancient times placed in the cage, the city of Rome's she-wolf emblem of the image, and the city its name, are some magical mystery. With a simple few words of Rome, is a very difficult task. Two thousand years of history has too many memories, East Meets West, North and South of communication brings too much impact on the status. Rome itself is like a huge museum, always shaking up our history and reality of all cognition. Why The Princess and the civilian population to choose a romantic drama Rome and not Paris as a background? Because the Spanish Steps, leisurely, wreck fountain straightforward, sun_set_ silhouette of Qi Yan Rome, from ancient and engaging? In such a city, all the neuroses are so taken for granted. Rome was not built in a day, but since the completion of the day, it is the focus of the Western world. World Heritage Committee to be included in the historical center of Rome, "the World Heritage List" on the grounds that: "From the legend built in 753 BC date, to Rome is closely linked with the history of mankind. It was ruled for five centuries the Mediterranean world old imperial capital, later to become the capital of the Christian world, and today still carry out these important religious and political function. " Romans, seen enough, too much experience, but there is no apathy and sarcasm usual ancient capital, they continue to passion, as the Apennine sun and Mediterranean breezes. Commensurate with the strong national power, each historical period, the Romans have created a brilliant culture, music, art, architecture, new art styles and genres have been born in Rome, growth, spread far and wide the impact of Rome mediated. Since ancient times, almost every age who are trying to stay in Rome, his own imprint, and attached to this in the Eternal City to obtain eternal life. It is said that the 14th century with Pope Gregory in less than three weeks of travelers stranded farewell, said: "I wish you bon voyage, goodbye!" For travelers staying for several months, said: "I hope we meet again in Rome . "everyone is looking forward to Rome, who each came to Rome will fall in love with Rome, this love will never fade, but more and more, until one day, you will never leave her. Trevi Fountain really magic? I am afraid that cast is not looking forward to a gold coin, but it promises to return to Rome. Italian said: "It is written upside down Rome-roma amor, happens to be Latin 'love' means." Tourists do not think this is a play on words, because the city has been completely fascinated.
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Italian capital
Italian capital, largest city. Tiber River in the plains, 25 km east of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Urban areas across the Tiber River, a bridge frame 24. National political, economic, cultural and transportation center. Population 2.83 million (1989). The birthplace of ancient Rome. Early two thousand BC, the Romans moved here from the northeast. August to the fourth century BC, built before the castle, and gradually form of early Rome. 756-1870 AD, the capital of the Papal States, Kingdom of Italy in 1870 after the reunification of the capital of Italy (the Papal States to retreat into the Vatican.) Industries are food, textile, machinery, printing, chemicals, electronics and plastics. Italian film industry, the main center. Civitavecchia northwest coast of its main ports. One of the world's most famous tourist sites. 40% of total urban area of more large-scale ancient Roman city of ancient architecture (such as the Flavian Amphitheater, colosseum Colosseum, Great Circus, Panthéon temples, public baths Diocletian etc.) and art treasures. Northwest of the Vatican City Holy See for the location. Churches, palaces, museums, universities (founded 1303), Academy of Sciences and libraries. Rome located in the north-south direction of the Italian peninsula Block Apennines and the Italian peninsula was divided into two parts, the Apennine mountains near, there is a Tiber River, Rome in Tiber river into the Mediterranean, the lowest 30 km above sea level. Rome, warm climate, clear four seasons, spring is the most suited for travel one year season. Rome, warm climate, clear four seasons, spring is the most suited for travel one year season. Rome, warm climate, clear four seasons, spring is one year. Attractions: Trevi Fountain, Spanish Steps, the Pantheon, 拉特兰圣约翰 Cathedral, Ke Luosai arena, Capitoline Square, mouth of truth, the new house, wave the game art gallery.
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Italian Football Club
Refer to term - "Roma" http://baike.baidu.com/view/21804l Team English name: the associazione sportiva roma Founded: 1927.06.07 Club Location: Rome Trigo Australia Access to Serie A champions: 3 times Sports Center: Sports Center 福尔维奥贝 Nardini Training Base: Trigo Elijah base Stadium: Stadio Olimpico Rome Chairman: Franco Sensi Sponsor: wind telecommunications company Shirt sponsor: kappa The club's traditional colors: red, white, black The club's home service: Red shirt, white shorts, black socks Address: via di trigoria km. 3,600,00128 roma Official Website: www.asroma.it Official mail: info@asroma.it
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The central city of New York
Central New York city. You Tika 22 km in the northwest, the Pro Erie Canal. Population 43,000 (1980). The first half of the eighteenth century, the British built fortifications, worked in the American Revolutionary War battle field. Immigration after independence, with the construction of the Erie Canal and the railway and the development of a city in 1870. Important industry is copper and brass products, there are sheets and kitchen utensils. There are fishing rod, a variety of clothing, printing presses, man-made fibers, sporting goods and other departments. A large fish hatchery. Air Force Base nearby.
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Rome, Georgia
Rome, Georgia, USA.
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American TV series "Rome"
Title: "Rome" English title: "rome" Country / Region: United States Region: Europe Produced: hbo Issue: hbo Directed by: Michael - Epps Ted / Allen - Celtic Written by: Bruno Heller Premiere Date: August 28, 2005 Starring: Ray Stevenson, Kevin Mai Kaidi kevin mckidd Salem Sid ciaran hinds ray stevenson All crew members: Kevin - Mike Kidd - decorated Lucius - Warren North - Ray Stevenson - Titus decorated - Provincetown Louisiana - Haynes - decorated Julius - Caesar Kenneth - Cranham - decorated Pompeii - Magunasi Polly - Walker - decorated Atiyah James - Poor Faye - played Marc Anthony - Tobias - Man Xisi - decorated Marcus - Brutus Lindsay - Duncan - decorated Sevilla Indians pull - Waer Ma - E wave decorated Nepal Max - Pei Kesi - decorated Octavian Kelly - Condon - Via decorated Octavio Rick - Worden - decorated g Warm Altos - Pompeii Introduction hbo has launched numerous eye-catching television drama, as the "Sex and the City" and "Six Feet Under" has full stop, "The Sopranos" also entered the final quarter. This time, they join forces with the British bbc television, starting from August 28 to return to BC for 52 years led the audience in Rome. The highest single-season history of the drama production costs --- cost of $ 100,000,000 of "Rome" will begin broadcasting the first quarter.
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Ancient name
Refer to term - "Roman" http://baike.baidu.com/view/48726l Sixth century BC, the Romans established the Latin family to the city of Rome as the center of slavery. About 510 BC, the transition to the Republican era. The beginning of the third century BC, unified the Italian peninsula. Before the middle of the third century BC to the middle of the second century, through the Punic War and the War of Macedonia, conquered Carthage, most of Spain, Macedonia and Greece various areas, control of the Mediterranean. 27 BC, Octavian consul called "Augustus" (meaning the emperor), the collapse of the Republican system, to enter the Roman Empire. A century and the second century AD, the empire this territory west England, Spain, Germany, Austria, Hungary and Romania, the eastern Dacia the Euphrates, south of the North Africa region including Africa and the Sudan, became Western history's first great empire . The late empire, the people against oppression and exploitation, the uprising widely carried out, such as Gaul up movement of Palestinian areas, North Africa, Santiago Bannister movement, to the Roman rule with a heavy blow. 395 AD, the empire split into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. 476 years, the Western Roman Empire. 9th century BC and the 8th century BC, the Italian peninsula, there are two new nation: Etruscans and Greeks. Ancients believed that the Etruscans did Anatolia from the east, and today some of the archaeological discoveries have confirmed this. From the origin of it, they do not seem ancient Italians, as their language is not Indo-European, as a mixture of their civilization from the east and west of various factors. Well-known representatives of the Etruscan civilization Weilang Nova's initial stage of development, from which we can see that they made in the new territory of the extraordinary cultural progress. This new territory in the north-eastern Italy and the Apennine mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea coastal plain between the regions. Etruscan people living in independent, powerful city-state, the city is usually between the alliance. The city was originally ruled by a monarchy, and later become elected by parliament and officials of the purposes of ruling oligarchy. Etruscans originally farming tribes, have organized armies, they used to rule these forces around the nation, and they also like to engage in handicraft business and operations. Tuscany and northern Latium region should be one of the earliest Etruscan _set_tlement. A small part of the Latin in this territory of the southern tip of lives and breeds, where the eventual establishment of the Roman city. Therefore, in the Etruscan civilization, but also the heyday of the Roman village, and the Etruscan people's language, thought and religion are closely linked: the Etruscans did for the conversion of the Roman civilization and culture have to the single most important influence. City of Rome establishing the date is uncertain, the traditional view that in 753 BC, which has been widely confirmed by the archaeological discoveries, even though some people may have had long lived there. Traditionally, the Romans established the city of Rome thanks to a hero Romulus. He and his twin brother Remus is a descendant of the hero Aeneas. Aeneas is the Greek goddess Aphrodite (called Venus in Roman mythology) the son, who occupied the city of Troy after the Greeks came to Italy. Roman historians 提图斯李维 described the myth: the twin brother of the grandfather was Numi Tuo, he was a Roman Alban mountains southeast of the country's king of Alba. Evil king's brother expelled the king Amulius, but also to the only daughter of King Lei Ya Ya do Silvio virgin to prevent her from having children (the virgin birth is not allowed) to prevent sons of the king revenge. But Lei Ya Ya Sylvie against his constraints, Malta and Slovakia fall in love and God of War gave birth to twins. When the twins were found in the Tiber River, the one she-wolf that nurtured them, and later found by a shepherd, his wife reared them. Grow up, which became the Greenwood twins head. In Remus captured, brought to the king Amulius after Romulus led the men rescued him and killed Amulius. At this point, life experience white twin brothers, their grandfather Nu Mituo restored to the throne. The brothers left the grandfather, a shepherd found the place being created their own city. In deciding who will do the master of the city, the oracle told them to predict the success of the birds to see to decide. Remus stood A Wenting saw six vultures mountains, standing on the Palatine hill Romulus saw 12 vultures. The latter figure is more lucky, but Remus was the first to see signs of people. The results had an argument between the brothers, Romulus killed Remus eventually become the king of town. He ruled for a very long time, was admitted to the gods after death, as God of War Kuilinasi respected. With the growth of Roman power and influence, wealth began to concentrate in a few hands. Noble is the richest members of society, who control most of the trade, administration and army, and only they can enter the Senate or appointed and elected officials. Civilians, mainly small farmers, workers and craftsmen, they account for most of the population, in government has almost no chance to express their views. Romulus (rule of 37 years in office), the traditional recorded another six the King: 奴玛庞皮利 ust (reigned 43 years), 图卢斯霍斯提 Cornelius (in the Bit 32 years), 安库斯马蒂 ust (reigned 44 years), l. Tarquin Arrhenius Preece Adamkus (reigned 38 years), 赛尔维乌斯图里乌 Sri Lanka ( reigned 44 years) and l. Tarquin Arrhenius break Po Bosi (reigned 25 years). Wang Zheng era in Rome, has greatly expanded its control of the surrounding territory. Wang Zheng is the express purpose of establishing a stable and secure, and conquered the surrounding territory is to serve this purpose. Roman territory and wealth do not seem particularly greedy; their conquest around the nation to guard against the main threat to the security of their own. With the expansion of territory, the Romans caused the North the attention of the powerful Etruscans. The mid-6th century BC, the Etruscans did grab political power in Rome. For a time, Etruscan kings ruled the city, which makes the Romans resent injustice. Tal king because the text was finally raped Etruscan aristocratic wife of a 卢克蕾蒂亚 the Romans in 509 BC to rebel and overthrow his rule. Although rape 卢克蕾蒂亚 and Junius Brutus overthrew the text may be interpreted Tal story, but Tal undoubtedly marks the overthrow of the text Etruscan power and the decline of civilization. Archon is a two by two under the financial officers, known as the degree of support officer. With the development of the Republic, also known as the Prairie there is a CA official. At first it was judicial, and later became army chief. In addition, according to the wealth and the taxes paid by citizens of the working class, was originally a consul's duties, eventually known as the ombudsman by two new officials to bear. All effective power concentrated in the aristocracy of civilians caused resentment. Founder of the Republic from 509 BC to 1st century BC, Caesar hands in the end, these two classes are often serious conflicts between the specific performance of the nobility of the power grab and hold, while the civilians were also persistent in pursuit of social and political equality . At that time, the civilian production of food and provide the labor, making the Roman economy to develop, they the source of the Roman army. It can be said to leave the civilian population, the aristocracy can not survive. 450 BC, the first statute enacted - the Twelve Tables, to try to quell the struggle between these two classes. 445 BC, the marriage of civilians to power with the aristocracy; BC 367, the civilian power to get elected as a consul, and then get into the Senate's power. 300 BC, the civilian allowed to participate in all levels of ritual activities, which makes them in religious matters have equal status with the aristocracy. In 287 BC, the legislation and decisions of the General Assembly, the civilian population was identified on all Roman citizens (whether civilians or nobility) are binding, this is the last in power and influence of the civilian population has made the greatest victory. These reforms in the absence of war or bloodshed carried out, although they did not fundamentally resolve the struggle between these two classes, but to avoid the occurrence of civil war. The Romans conquered the territory of expertise in management, they used a combination of liberal and authoritarian policies. They usually do not destroy the city to be conquered, but to give them certain powers. Some cities, especially those near the city of Rome, have all been granted Roman citizenship. Some cities have been granted autonomy, while the other alliance. However, all the cities should pay taxes to Rome, and sent troops. In addition, part of the Roman soldiers stationed in the conquered areas, and its military spending by the local payment. In these places, Rome, was affordable, the soldiers received a valuable property, and the military and became the permanent residents. In this way, the Roman conquest in each region to maintain a permanent military base. To consolidate these bases, the Romans began an ambitious road construction project. They build high quality roads, such as straight lines, or even straight through the mountains to ensure that the soldiers and supplies can be quickly delivered to the rebel land. Through the implementation of the powers granted to the conquered regions and civil rights together (or promised them citizenship in the future) policy, established to ensure that the rebel region's rapid severe reaction channels, the Romans on the Italian peninsula, the creation of a lasting peace in the empire . 3rd century BC, when Roman forces reached the southern tip of Italy, and the Carthaginians in Sicily when the territorial borders, which have contact with the two powers. In 264 BC, between Rome and Carthage, the first Punic War, the focus of the war entirely in Sicily. Several Roman Carthage besieged city on the island and the Navy on its own completely destroyed Carthage came to rescue the ship. Although there is no clear winner in this war, but since the Carthaginian Empire, the Phoenicians for the first time since the loss of hegemony in the Mediterranean region. In 241 BC, Carthage and Rome to sign the treaty, they had to give up Sicily and to pay war reparations. The loss of Corsica 238 BC, the Carthaginians began to strengthen his rule in Europe. In 218 BC, they established a powerful empire in Spain, wealth and power have been enhanced. With the increasingly powerful forces of Carthage, Rome, people worry, they forced the Carthaginians signed agreements promising not expand its territory over the Ebro River (in northern Spain). In 218 BC, the Romans captured the Spanish cities Sagongtumu coalition, triggered the second Punic War. Spanish troops stationed in the young commander of the Hannibal of Carthage, led across Europe. In September 218 BC, he led his army across the Alps into Italy, defeated in northern Italy encounter the Roman army. In desperation the appointment of Roman Fabian Quintus Maximus as dictator. He has taken to avoid direct combat with the Carthage strategy, trying to keep intrusive, so that they may bear fight fatigue. Hannibal 216 BC when the army arrived in southern Italy, Canny and began wantonly trampled in the country, the cost to send 80,000 troops to the border against all the results have been wiped out, it is never defeat Rome. Rome, Italy, the United Democrats of the south side of backward Hannibal, the whole island of Sicily and the Carthaginians are also Union. Most of mainland Greece dominated the Macedonian king Philip V, who took the opportunity to form an alliance with Hannibal, 215 BC Rome began with the territorial dispute. Because Philip V of Macedon allied with Hannibal, Luo Ma Bingfeng East means that waged for conquest followed conquest of the Kingdom of Greece Philip (Syria, Pergamum and Egypt) the war. Second Punic War to Rome ruled the known world. First, in 197 BC, the Roman general 提图斯奎恩科 Tiwu Si Flamini nus eastern Thessaly in Greece defeated Philip, and announced that all Greek cities free cities. Syrian King Antiochus, the Romans had tried to wrest from Greece, but his army in 189 BC, the Magny-West Asia Minor campaign was wiped out. Initially, the Romans that the Greek city of Rome as a free city would not pose a threat to Greece and put himself as "protector" to prevent any security threats against the Roman centralized generation. But put down the rebellion Perseus of Macedon (168 BC) after the Roman alliance and membership of the introduction of national hegemony, in order to prepare for the initiation of rebellion. At the same time, Roman society itself has changed. Taxes imposed on defeated countries and the spoils from the occupied city, overflowing treasury in Rome. In their personal lives in order to avoid the traditional farming based on values and ethics of extravagance and waste, undergoing dramatic changes, people follow the example of ancient Greece, the luxury and beautiful as a status symbol. The mid-2nd century BC, the Romans have been well aware that the Empire is a huge money machine, creating the Empire is an extremely cost-effective thing. Second Punic War caused great inequality of wealth. The wealth of the Roman city of mountains, and thousands of civilians rely on farming for a living, and its been war damaged land and housing. Rich people had made war profiteering has become more wealthy, they buy all the land, so that the mid-2nd century BC, large estate home in Rome in the dominant position of agriculture. These large estates for the riches of the land owners, the Punic wars and Macedonia after the war many new slaves back to Italy to farming. In fact, the 2nd century BC, the Roman economy has undergone tremendous changes, from the slave labor economy into the economy. It also caused a lot of vagrants to the cities, large numbers of poverty, discontent and anger of the Roman people to focus on freedom of the city of Rome. BC 133 years, this situation has finally led to civil war. Tiberius Old Glasgow Citizens Assembly was elected in the public security officials, the amount of proposed ownership of land should be limited to 640 acres, so that you can deprive a large number of hands from the rich land. Roman Senate against the rich and ancient Glasgow Tiberius reform, they are a riot, a group of nobles took the opportunity to kill a Senate Tiberius. Ten years later, younger brother of Tiberius Gaiyuegela also elected to protect the people of ancient government, he asked the citizens of the General Assembly adopted a similar land law with his brother. In 121 BC, he was declared to be enemies of the state Senate, committed suicide, hundreds of thousands of followers have been killed or executed. This marks the end of the rebellion Glasgow ancient brother. Sura reform aroused strong repercussions. 70 years BC, Crassus and Pompey were both elected as consul ambitious, they quickly established the Constitution abolished the Sura. As in Asia, won the battle, Pompey popular in Rome, and Crassus Spartacus despite the suppression of the slave revolt led, but welcome. Pompey have a future with the other generals and increasingly important alliances, the most popular of these generals is from a noble family of the brilliant commander of 盖尤斯尤利 Julius Caesar (100 BC - 44 BC). Crassus, Pompey and Caesar, the three men agreed to establish a "three first political", which marked the beginning of the Republic of doom. Caesar in the north of France, Belgium and Great Britain played a major victory south, but before his return to Rome, "the first three first political" no longer exists. Crassus Parthians in the Middle East war dead, and turned to Pompey against Caesar, encouraged the Senate against Caesar, and Caesar declared a national enemy. The strong support of loyal troops, Caesar invaded Italy in 49 BC, through the holes of central Italy Ruby River, a new civil war began. 48 BC, Pompey was defeated in Greece Fasalusi soon be fleeing the Egyptians in the assassination. 46 BC, Caesar returned to Rome, and authorized the Senate appointed him dictator for ten years the ruling. He was awarded the absolute power to rule the Roman state, in any actual need, free from the constraints of law and the Constitution. Two years later, he was appointed dictator for life, _set_ in a variety of powers. Caesar's absolute power, making him the absolute ruler of the Roman emperor, the supreme ruler, he looks more like a monarch. Proud of some of the Roman Republic the Roman nobility, the power of his great resentment grievances. 44 BC March 15 to repair 斯隆吉努斯 and Marcus Zhu Gaiyousika Arrhenius group of conspirators led by Brutus, assassinated Caesar. End of the war also marked the demise of the Roman Republic. Octavian Caesar had seized all the powers, not only in the form of any change in the system on the Republic. He identified himself as absolute ruler, he initially claimed to be "heads" (the chief citizens of Rome, the word is the origin of the modern vocabulary prince), later known as the "Augustus" (dignified or maximum). In the testament, he boasted to complete the restoration of imperial mission of peace and order. He relocated the soldiers in the fields, so that the second Punic War the dream of equal ownership of land is almost a reality. He became a Roman army volunteers standing by the team. These forces throughout the empire earth, they spread the Roman language and Roman culture to Europe and the Mediterranean region. Finally, Augustus began a huge building program, and act as a protector of art, so that Roman culture reached an unprecedented peak. Heads I get prominent writer and his assistant Meisaineisi funding, these people including the famous Virgil (70 BC - 19 years ago), Horace (BC 65 BC - 8 years) and Orville Germany (43 BC - AD 18). They further promoted the ideology of political reforms of Augustus, Rome, which created great works of literature Virgil, "Aeneid" is created on the hero Aeneas epic of Roman civilization. Augustus also to sponsor the same generosity and enthusiasm of literature art and sculpture. He carried out, including the temple of Apollo Palatine hill and the other temples and the Roman Forum and many other large construction projects. The churia in Nero's last emperor of the dynasty during the reign of the Romans began to persecute and execute a new pass from the Eastern mystical religions - Christian members. Is the founder of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth, a Jewish missionary, he lives in Augustus and the reign of Tiberius, after the Romans were killed, two other missionaries, founder of Peter and Paul were also killed. The latter will use the life work of a Jewish Christian faith from the Greeks and Romans transformed into an acceptable religion. AD 68, the army stationed in Gaul riot, Nero was deposed. The following year, at least four emperors ascended the throne, each has a strong military backing. Rome into chaos, but Flavio General Titus Vespasian (reigned AD 69 -79 years) to obtain a long-term success of the rule, founded his own dynasty - Flavian dynasty. After him, his son Titus (reigned AD 79 -81) to the throne, followed by Domitian (reigned AD 81 -96 years), he began to _set_ off a second wave of persecution of Christians . During this period, trade with the East has reached an unprecedented prosperity, and its main trade route "Silk Road." This trade route follows the centuries, extending from the Mediterranean coast to the big summer until the Chinese. 1st century BC, Pliny the Elder in his "Natural History" in the complaint, each with India, Arabia and China (Seres country) to spend at least one hundred million trade _Set_h Waters (ancient Roman unit of money). Chinese "Han" records, in 166 AD, Roman emperor An Dun (ie, Marcus Aurelius Antonio) sent envoys arrive in China. According to some historical records, the Romans have always wanted to trade directly with the Chinese people, but for the rest (Parthian) the resistance, because the rest were to maintain its monopoly on the silk trade. This account of the archaeological discoveries on the Silk Road was confirmed. These archaeological findings included in the Loulan and Henan found clothing and Roman glass in Egypt, and other archaeological discoveries in the Far East also indirectly proved this point, as in southern Vietnam, Russia and Ecuador found Marcus Aurelius and Anthony during the period of asylum Roman coins and the same side of the Han Dynasty unearthed in the late bronze mirror and a variety of Indian artifacts. During this period, Rome was the largest construction activities, including construction and Keluosaimu Pantheon in Rome, which the Roman Colosseum for the Gladiator competition. All the great projects are built in this period, including large-scale water systems: the city of Rome itself has 11 aqueducts can be 300 million gallons of water transported from the surrounding mountains to the cities. In medicine, the Romans in AD 1-2 century made remarkable progress. Galen may be one of the ancient world's greatest physician, he lived in the late 2, arterial blood circulation is the most important discoveries. Caesar 64 years to 44 years BC Caesar, Pompey, Crassus political period where the first three heads, ending in the Senate as the power center of the parliamentary system. Caesar gradually eliminated Pompey, Crassus, and he is Julius Caesar, later with his name the title of Caesar on behalf of the King of Rome. 44 BC March 15, Caesar was both domestic opposition Bruce (brntus) and Kathy Ust (cassius) plotting to assassinate. Octavian 43 BC to 27 of his nephew, adopted son Octavian is a successor is in the history of Augustus Caesar. He and Anthony, Ray will be called up after the ruling triumvirate. Later, Octavian Anthony, and Ray will be eliminated over, Octavian became the first official emperor of Rome, the Roman Empire from entering. Emperor Octavian, the Roman Empire between the first two dozen years the emperor: I, Tiberius (tiberius AD 14 ~ 37) The second emperor of Rome, was appointed governor Pilate to the Jewish, in Pilate's tenure, Jesus was crucified. Second, the afterburner fruit pull (caligula 37 ~ 41 AD), also translated Jialigula. Third, Claudius (claudius AD 41 ~ 54) Fourth, Nero (nero 54 ~ 68) has translated the Nile, Emperor Nero in the first Jewish uprising, the bloody suppression of the Jews. V. Vespasian (vespasian AD 69 to 79) are also translated, or Wisconsin Ba Xian Xiang Weipa, which in general by the Emperor Nero in AD 67, sent to suppress the Jewish uprising in Palestine, after the death of the following year Nero was owned established as emperor. VI, Titus (titus AD 79 ~ 81) the son of the Emperor Vespasian, 70 AD destroyed the city of Jerusalem. VII, Domitian (domitian AD 81 ~ 96). VIII Trajan (trajan AD 98 to 117), twice during the reign of Foreign crusade, the establishment of the Arab provinces, and expand their influence eastward to Mesopotamia. Nine, Hadrian (hadrian AD 117 to 138), term to strengthen authoritarian rule, suppression of the Jewish revolt again. Ten, Anthony (antonia AD 138 161). One to two centuries AD, the powerful and prosperous period of the Roman Empire, Empire was an unprecedented majority, reached the northern border of Europe is now the United Kingdom, West Germany, Austria, Hungary and Romania and other places, once reached the east of the Euphrates River in Western Asia, including southern Africa, Egypt and northern Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, the west facing the Atlantic Ocean. Antonio during the reign of the emperor, the situation remained relatively stable, and can still maintain the imperial status quo. XI, Mark Oliver slightly (marcus aurelius 161 ~ 180 AD), during the reign of the emperor, the Roman Empire's "Golden Age" has been fading away. Second, Commodus (commodus 180 ~ 192 AD), during the reign of the Emperor, has come to the end of the second century AD, the Roman Empire faces a period of chaos and decline. But when things split out of Rome, Theodosius I divided the two sons of the empire, and become the Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire and the period, but also a full two hundred years, being to place in 395 AD. Commodus (commodus 180 ~ 192 AD), during the reign of the Emperor, has come to the end of the second century AD, the Roman Empire faces a period of chaos and decline. But when things split out of Rome, Theodosius I divided the two sons of the empire, and become the Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire and the period, but also a full two hundred years, being to place in 395 AD. Meanwhile, the Roman Catholic Church is the center of the world --- the location of the Holy See!
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The main shopping streets of Rome
via nazionale via del corso via condotti via frattina zona spagna galleria colonna via cola di rienzo via ottaviano
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Guizhou Research Institute of Culture Librarian (1932 -)
Rome, formerly known as Zhang Keqin, alias sound, pen Mingluo Wen, Guizhou Panxian people, in September 1932 was born in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Communist Party members. Before the liberation of the anti-Japanese studying in exile in primary schools, secondary schools. November 1949 to participate in the PLA Second Field V Corps Backstage. 1956 appointed jobs to the Guizhou Daily Arts Editor. A rightist in 1957, the "Cultural Revolution" has been the impact. Rehabilitated in 1979, back to any newspaper reporter, editor, political editor of the text, senior reporter. Retired in 1992. Writers in Guizhou Province is now a member of the executive director of Guizhou historical documents, Guizhou conservation consultant consultant Guizhou Chinese Photographic Society. 1950, published poetry, fiction, "Emerging Artists" in 1952 published the Political Department of the Southwest Military Region. 1950-2002, first published more than 500 poems, prose, essays, comments, more than 500 articles. Personal collection of poems published in 1985, "Tears of Love" (poetry), poetry by _select_ing the "China Women's Volleyball Song" (1985), "China's hundreds of satirical poems" (1988), "Modern thousands of short poems and Crafts" (1990). Cycle, "dreams like the rain song" _set_ out in Taiwan, "Qian" magazine, "Return" Poetry into Taiwan's "_Select_ed Poems of the 35th anniversary of the vineyard," prose "War Years" and 15 minutes _set_ in Taiwan newspapers. He was "Contemporary China's Guizhou," a book Chief Editor, has been Social Sciences Award. 1983 "A Nasha," a poem of Guizhou Prize for Literature. 1986 by the National Honor Award and the socialist journalism certificate. Poem "Send" won the 1993 National "Qu Yuan Cup" Award. Cycle, "dreams like the rain song" by the 1995 "Love Channel" Cup Award. Poem "historical necessity" by the welcome return of Hong Kong in 1997, "Dragon Cup" Competition Award. Published in 1999, "A century of vicissitudes Well then" (History articles), editor of "Guizhou azaleas Red" (Second Field Regiment Backstage five art history). Editor of a large corpus and the 2000 album "Love to stay Landscape", "into the Liupanshui," published poem "Southern Grass" and the individual poems of the "Yin Xue," "Roman poetry _select_ion." Guizhou Province in 2001 was appointed Distinguished Research Fellow, Research Institute of Culture.
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Italian capital
Italian capital, largest city. Tiber River in the plains, 25 km east of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Urban areas across the Tiber River, a bridge frame 24. National political, economic, cultural and transportation center. Population 2.83 million (1989). The birthplace of ancient Rome. Early two thousand BC, the Romans moved here from the northeast. August to the fourth century BC, built before the castle, and gradually form of early Rome. 756-1870 AD, the capital of the Papal States, Kingdom of Italy in 1870 after the reunification of the capital of Italy (the Papal States to retreat into the Vatican.) Industries are food, textile, machinery, printing, chemicals, electronics and plastics. Italian film industry, the main center. Civitavecchia northwest coast of its main ports. One of the world's most famous tourist sites. 40% of total urban area of more large-scale ancient Roman city of ancient architecture (such as the Flavian Amphitheater, colosseum Colosseum, Great Circus, Panthéon temples, public baths Diocletian etc.) and art treasures. Northwest of the Vatican City Holy See for the location. Churches, palaces, museums, universities (founded 1303), Academy of Sciences and libraries. Rome located in the north-south direction of the Italian peninsula Block Apennines and the Italian peninsula was divided into two parts, the Apennine mountains near, there is a Tiber River, Rome in Tiber river into the Mediterranean, the lowest 30 km above sea level. Rome Rome, warm climate, clear four seasons, spring is the most suited for travel one year season. Attractions Trevi Fountain, Spanish Steps, Piazza Venezia, Pantheon, 拉特兰圣约翰 Cathedral, Ke Luosai arena, Capitoline Square, mouth of truth, the new house, wave the game art gallery. The main shopping streets of Rome Via Nazionale Via del Corso Via Condotti Via Frattina Zona Spagna Galleria Colonna Via Cola di Rienzo Via Ottaviano Climate Rome's famous quote about All roads lead to Rome All roads lead to Rome Rome was not built in one day Rome is not _set_ up in a day Body to do the Romans in Rome (the Romans) Do as Romans do Rome Tourism Shopping everywhere in Europe, but Italy can be said to be "heaven in paradise." In Rome, from the special supplies to the trendy high-level small things everything evil, the most readily available in Europe something good and cheap place. In addition to leading fashion, but here, leather goods, stationery, porcelain, glassware, are world-renowned, religious arts and crafts are unique local flavor of a good Roman souvenirs. Rome's large department stores in Europe, not excellent, but there are many fine shops, from famous to obscure the famous (but very high quality of commodities often) both. Boutiques such as Etro, ArmaNi, Prada and Gucci, in Rome are just a small shop. Because it is the origin, the prices are cheaper, but because of the small, so staff tend to have better product knowledge, but also enjoy better service. But if only the pursuit of brand-name while ignoring the other shop is very unfortunate, because almost every shop has its own supply, or even made from the sale of goods, often surprises. Each of the many BoMtiqUe's personality, people especially like shopping in Italy. In Rome, these shops are more concentrated in the "Spanish Steps" opposite the Condotti, Borgognona, Frattina and other streets. Second VIadel Babuino and Via delCorso other streets, but also boutiques everywhere, endless shopping. Some people like the "more" popular in recent Vatican's Via Cola di RienZo, or "more" popular Via NationaIe and ViaTritoMe. Rome store hours are 9:00 - 13:00,16:00-20:00. Sunday and Monday morning almost all the shops are closed, do not mistake the time Baipaoyitang. Sale Saldo season in Italy twice a year, about 1 from the beginning of the winter months, beginning in early summer from July to the August. Although the store is slightly different time, as long as the price reduction shop plastered with paper, can be seen immediately. Popular shops and even a sale and someone from the morning to wait in line. December 8 to January 6 next year's Piazza Navona Christmas market (Mercato di Natale a Piazza Navona), is the purchase of toys, candy, holiday decorations new and interesting gadgets such as a good place.
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Italian Football Club
Refer to term - "Lazio" "Roma" Club Name: Rome English name: AS ROMA (Associazione Sportiva Roma SpA) Other Title: Red wolf i Giallorossi (the Yellow-reds) La Magica (The Magic) i Lupi (the Wolves) Established: July 22, 1927 Country: Italy City: Rome Club President: Rosella Sensi Coach: Ranieri Ground: Stadio Olimpico (length 105 meters, 68 meters wide, can accommodate 82,922 people) Official Website: www.asromacalcio.it/ Address: Via di Trigoria, km 3,600,00128 Roma, Italy Top scorer in franchise history: Francesco Totti (168 balls) Single season top scorer: Walker (29 goals) Team appearances player: Francesco Totti (387 games, and counting) Cup glory League Champions 3 times (1941-42,1982-83,2000-01) Cup 9 times (1963-64,1969-69,1978-80,1980-81,1983-84,1985-86,1990-91,2006-07,2007-2008) Italian Super Cup 2 times (2001,2007) UEFA Cup 1 (1960-61) Rome, Italy, the best 11 football history Zhu Duomasaidi (1929-43) - Rome has never been a world-class goalkeeper, so we had to Ma Saidi and won the 1983 Italian champions Roma goalkeeper Frank the tank when the choice between Pretty. Ma Sedi life force in Rome, a total of 339 league appearances times. He Rome Serie A title in 1942 made major contributions toward winning the first, he was in 1934 and 1938, when Italy won a World Cup, although he did not play in the match. Cafu (1997-2003) - Brazilian soccer history, he is the greatest backs, one of his to the entire field with his tireless running back and forth on the sidewalks, the ability to win the "Express" nickname. Cafu Roma in Serie A on behalf of a total of more than 100 games played, he was a Roman won the Scudetto in 2001, the main members. He also was an international football star, he played a total of four World Cups, including three consecutive years, led his unit into the final, two exalted title. He is a Brazilian football history, the most appearances for the national team player, he effectiveness of each of its clubs have brought glory. 贾科莫罗西 (1954-70) - He is the first group of heroes of Roman history, in 1961, the Roman game with Sampdoria's 2-2 stalemate with the rival Rossi, despite serious injuries, still wounding play, It also earned him the "heart of Rome," the nickname. There are 10 minutes in the game will be the end of the brave fight scored Rossi, Rome 3-2 win over rivals. He is a tenacious defender, a total of 11 appearances for the Italian team, and participated in the 1962 World Cup. After he retired, he still maintains Rossi Rome, the record for most appearances over 38 years. Artondale (1990-2003) - Brazil is not a great defender of the rich countries, but Artondale is an exception. 13 in the club magnificent season, he played a total of 415 times, in 2001, when coach Fabio Capello, and teammates won the Serie A title. He was tall, strong, handsome, 93 caps for Brazil, participated in 90 World Cup in Italy, and 98 World Cup USA 94 World Cup in France, and led his unit in the United States in 94 World Cup win. He left Rome in 37 years, the club will be his No. 6 jersey permanently sealed as a souvenir. Sebastian Neira (1981-92) - a versatile defender left, at the club for 11 years, played a total of 395 times. Pull within 80 of the last century when the early Liedholm coached a member of the heyday of Rome. The team has won the Serie A title in 1983, at 84 years of Champions League final loss to Liverpool on penalties. Italy was talents world-class defender, and thus the Azzurri played only pull 5 times. Although he participated in 86 World Cup in Mexico, but the performance is satisfactory. Agostino 迪巴托洛梅 (1972-84) - the Apennines in the history of one of the biggest mistake committed is to not let 迪巴托洛梅 played for the Italian national team game. He is a highly skilled player, he can control the pace of the game. Ago tall and elegant, with rich imagination and superior technology. He often 60 yards to send the precise pass to his teammates, he also found that most of the other players are not aware of the passing neutral. His style of play today in some respects and somewhat similar to Andrea Pirlo.迪巴托洛梅 Rome played a total of 308 games, scoring 66 goals, and as captain led his unit won the Scudetto in 1983. In 1994, he tragically committed suicide at age 39. Falcao (1980-1985) -1980, Rome rejected the chance to sign Zico, has been ridiculed all over the world. But they did not laugh long, because Falcao (the picture above, and who together Conti) proved himself to the world the 20th century, early 80s one of the most competitive midfield player. Falcao, as a general in the field, both are talented technically and tactically, he was nicknamed "the Roman VIII." He led his unit won the 1983 Serie A title in the Brazilian national team in the same bright light, he was 82, legendary Brazilian World Cup team in one. In Spain, Italy, Brazil That 2-3 loss to the classic battle, Falcao also harvest goals. 约瑟佩贾尼尼 (1982-96) - Prior to the Totti, Giannini is a symbol of Rome. And Francesco Totti, as the midfielder rejected the wealthy paid temptation has been for his beloved club. He has a quick mind and superior technology for Rome more than 400 games played, into 75 balls. The sad thing is, when at the peak of his career, he was on loan to Rome during that time. He played 47 times for the Italian national team, he is the World Cup in Italy in 90 key players in the group match against the U.S. team to score. Bruno Conti Prussian Junior Roberto (1978-88) - he is an absolutely prolific striker and 80s of last century, his third top scorer in Serie reelection. CPC 240 league games in his 106 ball into the 83 won in Rome that season, he contributed 12 goals. Beard Pulu Zuo defeated 5-1 in the 85/86 season game Avellino swept all the goals. In European competition, he is also the focus of attention, 84 years Rome against Dundee United the Champions League semi-final, two goals Pulu Zuo played a key role. Subsequent final against Liverpool, he scored the equalizer for the Roman ball, but in the subsequent penalty shootout loss to Rome, Pulu Zuo can only accept the defeat. Francesco Totti (1993 -) - he was a Roman symbol of the hero, only 16 years old 93 years Totti began the Roman force. Nearly 15 years later, he is still the focus of the team, the lack of Roma Totti is unthinkable. Prince of Rome has remained the number and appearance in franchise history to score record, and now 31 years old, he will remain active in the next few years in the game. As a team captain Francesco Totti in Rome in 2001 made major contributions toward winning the Scudetto, even when he retired, he still will be treated as Rome's greatest players in history and be remembered. 4-4-2 Goalkeeper: Ma Sedi Defenders: Cafu Rossi Artondale Nella Midfielders: 迪巴托洛梅 Falcao Giannini Conti Forwards: 托蒂普鲁佐
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Same name as the TV series
American TV series "Rome" Basic information Title: "Rome" English Title: "Rome" Country / Region: United States Region: Europe Produced: HBO Issue: HBO Directed by: Michael - Epps Ted / Allen - Celtic Written by: Bruno Heller Premiere Date: August 28, 2005 Starring: Kevin Mai Kaidi Ray Stevenson Ray Stevenson Kevin McKidd Ciaran Hinds Salem Sid All crew members Kevin - Mike Kidd - decorated Lucius - Warren North - Ray Stevenson - Titus decorated - Provincetown Louisiana - Haynes - decorated Julius - Caesar Kenneth - Cranham - decorated Pompeii - Magunasi Polly - Walker - decorated Atiyah James - Poor Faye - played Marc Anthony - Tobias - Man Xisi - decorated Marcus - Brutus Lindsay - Duncan - decorated Sevilla Indians pull - Waer Ma - E wave decorated Nepal Max - Pei Kesi - decorated Octavian Kelly - Condon - Via decorated Octavio Rick - Worden - decorated g Warm Altos - Pompeii Introduction HBO has launched numerous eye-catching television drama, as the "Sex and the City" and "Six Feet Under" has full stop, "The Sopranos" also entered the final quarter. This time, they join forces with the British BBC television, starting from August 28 to return to BC for 52 years led the audience in Rome. The highest single-season history of the drama production costs --- cost of $ 100,000,000 of "Rome" will begin broadcasting the first quarter. Abstract BC for 52 years, 400 years after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome has become the world's richest city, a cosmopolitan metropolis of over 100 million people, is taking shape in the Empire. Roman Republic is founded on shared power and fierce personal competition, based on, and never allowed out personal dictatorship. However, the cornerstone of these principles of the Republic is filled with corruption and moral decay was gradually collapse. Ruling class and extravagance, extravagant, traditional Spartan discipline and unity is gone. Deterioration of class conflict, legal and administrative systems increasingly weakened gradually controlled the military power of the hands. 8 years later, Caesar completed the conquest of Gaul's brutal, triumphant return to Rome. With him comes a brave and skilled and highly loyal to his regiment, a surprising number of slaves, gold and other spoils of war, there is an intense social change strongly promote the populist agenda. Terrified nobility, they threatened that if Caesar dared to return to Rome, they will charge him for war crimes. Point falls on the balance of power on the senate, and Caesar's old friend, mentor Pompey Magnus in the Senate enjoyed the highest status. At this juncture, two of Caesar's 13th Legion soldiers Lucius Vorenus and Titus Pullo is ordered to retrieve stolen Wilderness Gaul flag corps, which is to ensure unity of command of Army operations Caesar signs, They are therefore involved in the fate of a change in the history of Roman events. This is a reflection of love and betrayal, masters and slaves, husbands and wives intake heart of the drama, is also a reproduction of the Republic and the decline of the Roman Empire, the rise of multi-volume epic. This is the first time HBO and BBC co-long drama series, is also a BBC TV series in the United States into one of the largest in 2001, was jointly produced two short television series "Band of Brothers Band of Brothers" "Human nature will never change", Heller goes on to say, "the written history of ancient Rome, from a dramatic point of view, that Mingguluoma were a group of people completely unfettered, they lack a secular God to warn them of what is right and what is wrong, how do. They act completely on personal moral standards to limit, the behavior of right and wrong completely rely on your power to determine the size and social status. You even can kill you neighbors, grab his wife won the child, as long as you are high they are first-class. mercy being teased, cruel, virtuous, personal honor, loyalty to family and became their greatest pursuit. "
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Ancient name
Refer to term - "Roman" Rome Tiber River began as a small city-states, to promote the potential of micro. Century to the 3rd century BC, Rome through a series of wars, the basic unity of the Italian peninsula. Since then, it further to expand overseas, started the Punic war (BC 264 BC - 146), the conquest of power in the western Mediterranean, Carthage. Sixth century BC, the Romans established the Latin family to the city of Rome as the center of slavery. About 510 BC, the transition to the Republican era. The beginning of the third century BC, unified the Italian peninsula. Before the middle of the third century BC to the middle of the second century, through the Punic War and the War of Macedonia, conquered Carthage, most of Spain, Macedonia and Greece various areas, control of the Mediterranean. 27 BC, Octavian consul called "Augustus" (meaning the emperor), the collapse of the Republican system, to enter the Roman Empire. A century and the second century AD, the empire this territory west England, Spain, Germany, Austria, Hungary and Romania, the eastern Dacia the Euphrates, south of the North Africa region including Africa and the Sudan, became Western history's first great empire . The late empire, the people against oppression and exploitation, the uprising widely carried out, such as Gaul up movement of Palestinian areas, North Africa, Santiago Bannister movement, to the Roman rule with a heavy blow. 395 AD, the empire split into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. 476 years, the Western Roman Empire. 9th century BC and the 8th century BC, the Italian peninsula, there are two new nation: Etruscans and Greeks. Ancients believed that the Etruscans did Anatolia from the east, and today some of the archaeological discoveries have confirmed this. From the origin of it, they do not seem ancient Italians, as their language is not Indo-European, as a mixture of their civilization from the east and west of various factors. Well-known representatives of the Etruscan civilization Weilang Nova people (Etruschi) the initial stage of development, from which we can see that they made in the new territory of the extraordinary cultural progress. This new territory in the north-eastern Italy and the Apennine mountains and the Tyrrhenian Sea coastal plain between the regions. Etruscan people living in independent, powerful city-state, the city is usually between the alliance. The city was originally ruled by a monarchy, and later become elected by parliament and officials of the purposes of ruling oligarchy. Etruscans originally farming tribes, have organized armies, they used to rule these forces around the nation, and they also like to engage in handicraft business and operations. Tuscany and northern Latium region should be one of the earliest Etruscan _set_tlement. A small part of the Latin in this territory of the southern tip of lives and breeds, where the eventual establishment of the Roman city. Therefore, in the Etruscan civilization, but also the heyday of the Roman village, and the Etruscan people's language, thought and religion are closely linked: the Etruscans did for the conversion of the Roman civilization and culture have to the single most important influence. City of Rome establishing the date is uncertain, the traditional view that in 753 BC, which has been widely confirmed by the archaeological discoveries, even though some people may have had long lived there. Traditionally, the Romans established the city of Rome thanks to a hero Romulus. He and his twin brother Remus is a descendant of the hero Aeneas. Aeneas is the Greek goddess Aphrodite (called Venus in Roman mythology) the son, who occupied the city of Troy after the Greeks came to Italy. Roman historians 提图斯李维 described the myth: the twin brother of the grandfather was Numi Tuo, he was a Roman Alban mountains southeast of the country's king of Alba. Evil king's brother expelled the king Amulius, but also to the only daughter of King Lei Ya Ya do Silvio virgin to prevent her from having children (the virgin birth is not allowed) to prevent sons of the king revenge. But Lei Ya Ya Sylvie against his constraints, Malta and Slovakia fall in love and God of War gave birth to twins. When the twins were found in the Tiber River, the one she-wolf that nurtured them, and later found by a shepherd, his wife reared them. Grow up, which became the Greenwood twins head. In Remus captured, brought to the king Amulius after Romulus led the men rescued him and killed Amulius. At this point, life experience white twin brothers, their grandfather Nu Mituo restored to the throne. The brothers left the grandfather, a shepherd found the place being created their own city. In deciding who will do the master of the city, the oracle told them to predict the success of the birds to see to decide. Remus stood A Wenting saw six vultures mountains, standing on the Palatine hill Romulus saw 12 vultures. The latter figure is more lucky, but Remus was the first to see signs of people. The results had an argument between the brothers, Romulus killed Remus eventually become the king of town. He ruled for a very long time, was admitted to the gods after death, as God of War Kuilinasi respected. With the growth of Roman power and influence, wealth began to concentrate in a few hands. Noble is the richest members of society, who control most of the trade, administration and army, and only they can enter the Senate or appointed and elected officials. Civilians, mainly small farmers, workers and craftsmen, they account for most of the population, in government has almost no chance to express their views. Romulus (rule of 37 years in office), the traditional recorded another six the King: 奴玛庞皮利 ust (reigned 43 years), 图卢斯霍斯提 Cornelius (in the Bit 32 years), 安库斯马蒂 ust (reigned 44 years), L. Tarquin Arrhenius Preece Adamkus (reigned 38 years), 赛尔维乌斯图里乌 Sri Lanka ( reigned 44 years) and Hugh L. Tarquin Arrhenius Po Bosi (reigned 25 years). Wang Zheng era in Rome, has greatly expanded its control of the surrounding territory. Wang Zheng is the express purpose of establishing a stable and secure, and conquered the surrounding territory is to serve this purpose. Roman territory and wealth do not seem particularly greedy; their conquest around the nation to guard against the main threat to the security of their own. With the expansion of territory, the Romans caused the North the attention of the powerful Etruscans. The mid-6th century BC, the Etruscans did grab political power in Rome. For a time, Etruscan kings ruled the city, which makes the Romans resent injustice. Tal king because the text was finally raped Etruscan aristocratic wife of a 卢克蕾蒂亚 the Romans in 509 BC to rebel and overthrow his rule. Although rape 卢克蕾蒂亚 and Junius Brutus overthrew the text may be interpreted Tal story, but Tal undoubtedly marks the overthrow of the text Etruscan power and the decline of civilization. Archon is a two by two under the financial officers, known as the degree of support officer. With the development of the Republic, also known as the Prairie there is a CA official. At first it was judicial, and later became army chief. In addition, according to the wealth and the taxes paid by citizens of the working class, was originally a consul's duties, eventually known as the ombudsman by two new officials to bear. All effective power concentrated in the aristocracy of civilians caused resentment. Founder of the Republic from 509 BC to 1st century BC, Caesar hands in the end, these two classes are often serious conflicts between the specific performance of the nobility of the power grab and hold, while the civilians were also persistent in pursuit of social and political equality . At that time, the civilian production of food and provide the labor, making the Roman economy to develop, they the source of the Roman army. It can be said to leave the civilian population, the aristocracy can not survive. 450 BC, the first statute enacted - the Twelve Tables, to try to quell the struggle between these two classes. 445 BC, the marriage of civilians to power with the aristocracy; BC 367, the civilian power to get elected as a consul, and then get into the Senate's power. 300 BC, the civilian allowed to participate in all levels of ritual activities, which makes them in religious matters have equal status with the aristocracy. In 287 BC, the legislation and decisions of the General Assembly, the civilian population was identified on all Roman citizens (whether civilians or nobility) are binding, this is the last in power and influence of the civilian population has made the greatest victory. These reforms in the absence of war or bloodshed carried out, although they did not fundamentally resolve the struggle between these two classes, but to avoid the occurrence of civil war. The Romans conquered the territory of expertise in management, they used a combination of liberal and authoritarian policies. They usually do not destroy the city to be conquered, but to give them certain powers. Some cities, especially those near the city of Rome, have all been granted Roman citizenship. Some cities have been granted autonomy, while the other alliance. However, all the cities should pay taxes to Rome, and sent troops. In addition, part of the Roman soldiers stationed in the conquered areas, and its military spending by the local payment. In these places, Rome, was affordable, the soldiers received a valuable property, and the military and became the permanent residents. In this way, the Roman conquest in each region to maintain a permanent military base. To consolidate these bases, the Romans began an ambitious road construction project. They build high quality roads, such as straight lines, or even straight through the mountains to ensure that the soldiers and supplies can be quickly delivered to the rebel land. Through the implementation of the powers granted to the conquered regions and civil rights together (or promised them citizenship in the future) policy, established to ensure that the rebel region's rapid severe reaction channels, the Romans on the Italian peninsula, the creation of a lasting peace in the empire . 3rd century BC, when Roman forces reached the southern tip of Italy, and the Carthaginians in Sicily when the territorial borders, which have contact with the two powers. In 264 BC, between Rome and Carthage, the first Punic War, the focus of the war entirely in Sicily. Several Roman Carthage besieged city on the island and the Navy on its own completely destroyed Carthage came to rescue the ship. Although there is no clear winner in this war, but since the Carthaginian Empire, the Phoenicians for the first time since the loss of hegemony in the Mediterranean region. In 241 BC, Carthage and Rome to sign the treaty, they had to give up Sicily and to pay war reparations. The loss of Corsica 238 BC, the Carthaginians began to strengthen his rule in Europe. In 218 BC, they established a powerful empire in Spain, wealth and power have been enhanced. With the increasingly powerful forces of Carthage, Rome, people worry, they forced the Carthaginians signed agreements promising not expand its territory over the Ebro River (in northern Spain). In 218 BC, the Romans captured the Spanish cities Sagongtumu coalition, triggered the second Punic War. Spanish troops stationed in the young commander of the Hannibal of Carthage, led across Europe. In September 218 BC, he led his army across the Alps into Italy, defeated in northern Italy encounter the Roman army. In desperation the appointment of Roman Fabian Quintus Maximus as dictator. He has taken to avoid direct combat with the Carthage strategy, trying to keep intrusive, so that they may bear fight fatigue. Hannibal 216 BC when the army arrived in southern Italy, Canny and began wantonly trampled in the country, the cost to send 80,000 troops to the border against all the results have been wiped out, it is never defeat Rome. Rome, Italy, the United Democrats of the south side of backward Hannibal, the whole island of Sicily and the Carthaginians are also Union. Most of mainland Greece dominated the Macedonian king Philip V, who took the opportunity to form an alliance with Hannibal, 215 BC Rome began with the territorial dispute. Because Philip V of Macedon allied with Hannibal, Luo Ma Bingfeng East means that waged for conquest followed conquest of the Kingdom of Greece Philip (Syria, Pergamum and Egypt) the war. Second Punic War to Rome ruled the known world. First, in 197 BC, the Roman general 提图斯奎恩科 Tiwu Si Flamini nus eastern Thessaly in Greece defeated Philip, and announced that all Greek cities free cities. Syrian King Antiochus, the Romans had tried to wrest from Greece, but his army in 189 BC, the Magny-West Asia Minor campaign was wiped out. Initially, the Romans that the Greek city of Rome as a free city would not pose a threat to Greece and put himself as "protector" to prevent any security threats against the Roman centralized generation. But put down the rebellion Perseus of Macedon (168 BC) after the Roman alliance and membership of the introduction of national hegemony, in order to prepare for the initiation of rebellion. At the same time, Roman society itself has changed. Taxes imposed on defeated countries and the spoils from the occupied city, overflowing treasury in Rome. In their personal lives in order to avoid the traditional farming based on values and ethics of extravagance and waste, undergoing dramatic changes, people follow the example of ancient Greece, the luxury and beautiful as a status symbol. The mid-2nd century BC, the Romans have been well aware that the Empire is a huge money machine, creating the Empire is an extremely cost-effective thing. Second Punic War caused great inequality of wealth. The wealth of the Roman city of mountains, and thousands of civilians rely on farming for a living, and its been war damaged land and housing. Rich people had made war profiteering has become more wealthy, they buy all the land, so that the mid-2nd century BC, large estate home in Rome in the dominant position of agriculture. These large estates for the riches of the land owners, the Punic wars and Macedonia after the war many new slaves back to Italy to farming. In fact, the 2nd century BC, the Roman economy has undergone tremendous changes, from the slave labor economy into the economy. It also caused a lot of vagrants to the cities, large numbers of poverty, discontent and anger of the Roman people to focus on freedom of the city of Rome. BC 133 years, this situation has finally led to civil war. Tiberius Old Glasgow Citizens Assembly was elected in the public security officials, the amount of proposed ownership of land should be limited to 640 acres, so that you can deprive a large number of hands from the rich land. Roman Senate against the rich and ancient Glasgow Tiberius reform, they are a riot, a group of nobles took the opportunity to kill a Senate Tiberius. Ten years later, younger brother of Tiberius Gaiyuegela also elected to protect the people of ancient government, he asked the citizens of the General Assembly adopted a similar land law with his brother. In 121 BC, he was declared to be enemies of the state Senate, committed suicide, hundreds of thousands of followers have been killed or executed. This marks the end of the rebellion Glasgow ancient brother. Sura reform aroused strong repercussions. 70 years BC, Crassus and Pompey were both elected as consul ambitious, they quickly established the Constitution abolished the Sura. As in Asia, won the battle, Pompey popular in Rome, and Crassus Spartacus despite the suppression of the slave revolt led, but welcome. Pompey have a future with the other generals and increasingly important alliances, the most popular of these generals is from a noble family of the brilliant commander of 盖尤斯尤利 Julius Caesar (100 BC - 44 BC). Crassus, Pompey and Caesar, the three men agreed to establish a "three first political", which marked the beginning of the Republic of doom. Caesar in the north of France, Belgium and Great Britain played a major victory south, but before his return to Rome, "the first three first political" no longer exists. Crassus Parthians in the Middle East war dead, and turned to Pompey against Caesar, encouraged the Senate against Caesar, and Caesar declared a national enemy. The strong support of loyal troops, Caesar invaded Italy in 49 BC, through the holes of central Italy Ruby River, a new civil war began. 48 BC, Pompey was defeated in Greece Fasalusi soon be fleeing the Egyptians in the assassination. 46 BC, Caesar returned to Rome, and authorized the Senate appointed him dictator for ten years the ruling. He was awarded the absolute power to rule the Roman state, in any actual need, free from the constraints of law and the Constitution. Two years later, he was appointed dictator for life, _set_ in a variety of powers. Caesar's absolute power, making him the absolute ruler of the Roman emperor, the supreme ruler, he looks more like a monarch. Proud of some of the Roman Republic the Roman nobility, the power of his great resentment grievances. 44 BC March 15 to repair 斯隆吉努斯 and Marcus Zhu Gaiyousika Arrhenius group of conspirators led by Brutus, assassinated Caesar. End of the war also marked the demise of the Roman Republic. Octavian Caesar had seized all the powers, not only in the form of any change in the system on the Republic. He identified himself as absolute ruler, he initially claimed to be "heads" (the chief citizens of Rome, the word is the origin of the modern vocabulary prince), later known as the "Augustus" (dignified or maximum). In the testament, he boasted to complete the restoration of imperial mission of peace and order. He relocated the soldiers in the fields, so that the second Punic War the dream of equal ownership of land is almost a reality. He became a Roman army volunteers standing by the team. These forces throughout the empire earth, they spread the Roman language and Roman culture to Europe and the Mediterranean region. Finally, Augustus began a huge building program, and act as a protector of art, so that Roman culture reached an unprecedented peak. Heads I get prominent writer and his assistant Meisaineisi funding, these people including the famous Virgil (70 BC - 19 years ago), Horace (BC 65 BC - 8 years) and Orville Germany (43 BC - AD 18). They further promoted the ideology of political reforms of Augustus, Rome, which created great works of literature Virgil, "Aeneid" is created on the hero Aeneas epic of Roman civilization. Augustus also to sponsor the same generosity and enthusiasm of literature art and sculpture. He carried out, including the temple of Apollo Palatine hill and the other temples and the Roman Forum and many other large construction projects. The churia in Nero's last emperor of the dynasty during the reign of the Romans began to persecute and execute a new pass from the Eastern mystical religions - Christian members. Is the founder of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth, a Jewish missionary, he lives in Augustus and the reign of Tiberius, after the Romans were killed, two other missionaries, founder of Peter and Paul were also killed. The latter will use the life work of a Jewish Christian faith from the Greeks and Romans transformed into an acceptable religion. AD 68, the army stationed in Gaul riot, Nero was deposed. The following year, at least four emperors ascended the throne, each has a strong military backing. Rome into chaos, but Flavio General Titus Vespasian (reigned AD 69 -79 years) to obtain a long-term success of the rule, founded his own dynasty - Flavian dynasty. After him, his son Titus (reigned AD 79 -81) to the throne, followed by Domitian (reigned AD 81 -96 years), he began to _set_ off a second wave of persecution of Christians . During this period, trade with the East has reached an unprecedented prosperity, and its main trade route "Silk Road." This trade route follows the centuries, extending from the Mediterranean coast to the big summer until the Chinese. 1st century BC, Pliny the Elder in his "Natural History" in the complaint, each with India, Arabia and China (Seres country) to spend at least one hundred million trade _Set_h Waters (ancient Roman unit of money). Chinese "Han" records, in 166 AD, Roman emperor An Dun (ie, Marcus Aurelius Antonio) sent envoys arrive in China. According to some historical records, the Romans have always wanted to trade directly with the Chinese people, but for the rest (Parthian) the resistance, because the rest were to maintain its monopoly on the silk trade. This account of the archaeological discoveries on the Silk Road was confirmed. These archaeological findings included in the Loulan and Henan found clothing and Roman glass in Egypt, and other archaeological discoveries in the Far East also indirectly proved this point, as in southern Vietnam, Russia and Ecuador found Marcus Aurelius and Anthony during the period of asylum Roman coins and the same side of the Han Dynasty unearthed in the late bronze mirror and a variety of Indian artifacts. During this period, Rome was the largest construction activities, including construction and Keluosaimu Pantheon in Rome, which the Roman Colosseum for the Gladiator competition. All the great projects are built in this period, including large-scale water systems: the city of Rome itself has 11 aqueducts can be 300 million gallons of water transported from the surrounding mountains to the cities. In medicine, the Romans in AD 1-2 century made remarkable progress. Galen may be one of the ancient world's greatest physician, he lived in the late 2, arterial blood circulation is the most important discoveries. Caesar 64 years to 44 years BC Caesar, Pompey, Crassus political period where the first three heads, ending in the Senate as the power center of the parliamentary system. Caesar gradually eliminated Pompey, Crassus, and he is Julius Caesar, later with his name the title of Caesar on behalf of the King of Rome. 44 BC March 15, Caesar was both domestic opposition Bruce (Brntus) and Kathy Ust (Cassius) plotting to assassinate. Octavian 43 BC to 27 of his nephew, adopted son Octavian is a successor is in the history of Augustus Caesar. He and Anthony, Ray will be called up after the ruling triumvirate. Later, Octavian Anthony, and Ray will be eliminated over, Octavian became the first official emperor of Rome, the Roman Empire from entering. Emperor Octavian, the Roman Empire between the first two dozen years the emperor: I, Tiberius (Tiberius AD 14 ~ 37) The second emperor of Rome, was appointed governor Pilate to the Jewish, in Pilate's tenure, Jesus was crucified. Second, the afterburner fruit pull (Caligula AD 37 ~ 41), also translated Jialigula. Third, Claudius (Claudius AD 41 ~ 54) Fourth, Nero (Nero 54 ~ 68) has translated the Nile, Emperor Nero in the first Jewish uprising, the bloody suppression of the Jews. V. Vespasian (Vespasian AD 69 to 79) are also translated, or Wisconsin Ba Xian Xiang Weipa, which in general by the Emperor Nero in AD 67, sent to suppress the Jewish uprising in Palestine, after the death of the following year Nero was owned established as emperor. VI, Titus (Titus AD 79 ~ 81) the son of the Emperor Vespasian, 70 AD destroyed the city of Jerusalem. VII, Domitian (Domitian AD 81 ~ 96). VIII Trajan (Trajan AD 98 to 117), twice during the reign of foreign crusade, the establishment of the Arab provinces, and expand their influence eastward to Mesopotamia. Nine, Hadrian (Hadrian AD 117 to 138), term to strengthen authoritarian rule, suppression of the Jewish revolt again. Inherent in their office built Hadrian's Wall in northern Britain. Ten, Anthony (Antonia AD 138 ~ 161). One to two centuries AD, the powerful and prosperous period of the Roman Empire, Empire was an unprecedented majority, reached the northern border of Europe is now the United Kingdom, West Germany, Austria, Hungary and Romania and other places, once reached the east of the Euphrates River in Western Asia, including southern Africa, Egypt and northern Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, the west facing the Atlantic Ocean. Antonio during the reign of the emperor, the situation remained relatively stable, and can still maintain the imperial status quo. XI, Mark Oliver slightly (Marcus Aurelius AD 161 ~ 180), during the reign of the emperor, the Roman Empire's "Golden Age" has been fading away. Second, Commodus (Commodus AD 180 ~ 192), during the reign of the Emperor, has come to the end of the second century AD, the Roman Empire faces a period of chaos and decline. But when things split out of Rome, Theodosius I divided the two sons of the empire, and become the Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire and the period, but also a full two hundred years, being to place in 395 AD. Commodus (Commodus AD 180 ~ 192), during the reign of the Emperor, has come to the end of the second century AD, the Roman Empire faces a period of chaos and decline. But when things split out of Rome, Theodosius I divided the two sons of the empire, and become the Western Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire and the period, but also a full two hundred years, being to place in 395 AD. Meanwhile, the Roman Catholic Church is the center of the world --- the location of the Holy See!
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Encyclopedia
Luoma Rome Roma Italy's capital and largest city, cultural and transportation center. Lazio (Latium) region capital. Located in the central and southern peninsula west of Wells River hills of snow on the plains, 25 km west of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Urban area of 200 square kilometers. Population 2.83 million (1984). Cross-Te Weilei River city, then under the altitude of 100 meters below the coastal plain, hilly northeast and east. Warm and humid climate in winter, hot and dry summer. January average temperature is 7 ℃, 7 月 24.5 ℃. Annual rainfall 817 mm (10 months to more precipitation in February next year, about 412 mm). Near fertile land, irrigation easy to cereals (wheat) and fruit garden (grapes) as the main agricultural production is more developed. Around 2000 BC, the Romans moved to Te Weilei River area from the northeast. 8 to the 4th century BC in the Te Weilei Left Bank built the castle, the formation of early Rome. After being 伊达拉里亚 people, the Phoenicians, the Greeks have invaded the city's economy, culture has a profound impact. Early Palace and the city buildings, most of the follow 伊达拉里亚 form. Carthaginians forms of agriculture and marine shipbuilding operation and culture of ancient Greece, ancient Rome to promote the economic and urban development. When Tewei Lei Yan Yun River to center, handicraft, salt flourished, and villages in the merger, based on the ancient city of Rome gradually prospered. Around 510 BC, the capital of the Roman Republic. Abolition of the 1st century BC, the Republic of the system, as the Roman Empire, the capital. Unprecedented urban culture and architecture development, temple, cathedral, colonnades, arches, triumphal arch, monumental record column, theater, and so has established a large arena. Western Roman Empire in the 4th century the capital. Due to the war, rise and fall of the city several times. 756 ~ 1870 the capital of the Papal States. 14 to 15 century, Rome became the center of the Renaissance, art, architecture and culture to develop the economy. Kingdom of Italy after unification in 1870 became capital of the kingdom. Moderate geographical location, trade, exchange things, Roman light industry, commercial and transportation show new life, the urban population increases, population 220,000 in 1871, the early 20th century to 42 million in 1936 to 1.09 million , city-wide and growing. Major industries are machine building, rail vehicles, electronics, chemical, printing, clothing, shoes and food sectors. Food industry spaghetti, bread, pasta, wine and fruit processing is important. Heavy industry to less consumption of raw materials for light products. Industry located in the ancient Roman city outside, are more concentrated in the southwest of the city, eastern suburb of Rome and the new. National transport hub. Rail pass Genoa, Turin, Milan, Venice, Naples and Florence and other places. Foreign economic ties than convenient for the Northwest coast of the main port Civitavecchia. Is connected, the Southern and Western Europe and North Africa and other places in the international aviation hub. Renaissance art treasures, cultural city. City resembles a giant open-air museum. Site of the ancient capital of the Roman Empire, mostly concentrated in the Te Weilei both sides of River Road along the left bank of the empire, the empire of the Senate stands, temples, shrines and some well-known ancestral Virgin (such as Caesar Temple), Arch of Triumph, Victory Column, a large bucket animal farm. There are many open-air museum of architecture and Renaissance art, such as the Palace of Justice, Diocletian public baths, the Temple Poon Tai Weng, Piazza Navona, St. Peter's Cathedral. Te Weilei River Angel Castle (ancient weapons Museum) art and unique style. Italian unification movement during the Roman monuments are mostly concentrated in the city, such as the Piazza Venezia in the center of the monument (a symbol of the founding king of unified Italy, the horse statue 艾马努埃莱 II), Te Weilei West Bank high ground of the national hero Garibaldi Hill monument (a plastic horse statue) and so on. Rome Metro, there are many Roman city built to emulate the size of the church (such as Peter and Paul II, church, etc.), simulated the Colosseum and the palaces built by the labor of Modern Art Museum. Cities in the ancient city and the Metro in two parts. The town has the Empire Boulevard (the main commercial street) as the center, after World War II, constantly expanding to the periphery. House of Representatives and the Prime Minister House in the columns of the Imperial Highway east of the square. Business center located in the east of Empire Avenue, the famous Traiano (Trajan) market, Boertaise door small market. Park is located 6 to 7 km south of the ancient city, built in the 20th century, 20's, mid 50's was basically completed, although its size is smaller than the ancient city, but it is a garden city with modern skyscrapers. El area known as the new Rome, with many government agencies. The northwest corner of the Vatican City, seat of the Holy See. (Xiao Zhibin)
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n.: rome, Roman
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n. Rome
Thesaurus
Luoma Village
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