Pompeii Folk Festivals: Epiphany (epifania): 6 January each year commemorating Jesus' manifestation of the festival, also Children's Day in Italy. Carnival (carnevale): usually in February. Easter (pasqua): usually in early April, the first full moon after the vernal equinox each year a Sunday. National Day (festa nazionale): June 2 each year. Ba Yuejie (ferragosto): 15 August each year. Halloween (ognissanti): November 2 each year. Pompeii Gourmet: "Frisian" spiral spaghetti, "Tears of Christ" red wine (lacrima cristi) Pompeii Transportation: Trains: to travel generally in Naples, Pompeii (napoli) transit, Naples, Pompeii train bound for a private tourist train and two state-run railway line, takes 40 minutes. Highway: can take the inter-city bus (sita) from Naples or go elsewhere. 1900 eruption of Mount Vesuvius buried Pompeii in the moment will be underground. Water on the road with the lead pipe, track imprint, road signs, and all was the appearance. The pub has a counter, display dress with bees and wine cylinder, the side also has opened a small change can be loaded just the size of the hole. Despite the 2000 passage of time, it shows the life and today seemed the same. 1900 eruption of Mount Vesuvius buried Pompeii in the moment will be underground. Water on the road with the lead pipe, track imprint, road signs, and all was the appearance. The pub has a counter, display dress with bees and wine cylinder, the side also has opened a small change can be loaded just the size of the hole. Despite the 2000 passage of time, it shows the life and today seemed the same. Can visit the whole city is very rich, including relics museum, the Temple of Venus, Temple of Apollo, Cupid overlooking the Temple Mount Vesuvius, the tragic poet's home, animal husbandry, Family of God, within Stabiae beach, theater and concert halls and so on. Italy's Pompeii in AD 79 Mount Vesuvius on August 24 the outbreak was buried in the volcanic magma and disappear. Until 260 years ago was discovered, from left to the people after a lot of unresolved mystery. Among them, what makes 2000 years later, the walls of Pompeii is still able to maintain the wall of colorful red. Scientists has long been a question. Today, when we see it, the mural is still moving shiny red. Some of them are still intact to retain the wall, like left us a splendid mystery. A recent study found the ancient city of Pompeii "panacea" because, Berlin staatliche museum researcher Dan Nila Daniel said: "Although Pompeii red cinnabar pigment only as raw material, but much better than normal cinnabar . "Macerata University of Naples, Bernard Adams said, as the cinnabar pigment does require careful processing. "The vehicle is a lime paint, so it must be in liquid form can be used as raw material for paintings. Mural is complete, go through a process of polishing wax to make a more lasting murals preserved." Daniel said: "The pigment particles finer, more bright, covering the more powerful force, but the paint is not just that Pompey, I observed with a microscope, the pigment particles found in the matrix by adding a 10-15 micron crystals as flash particles. " Typically, the Roman will join abrasive particles 2-3 microns in good cinnabar powder, which can make the paint surface shiny while maintaining its saturated bright red pigment. Daniel's analysis shows that Pompeii's ancient Roman frescoes and murals were indeed different in general, because it was spiked with 10-25 micron crystals, the size of the crystals become more transparent, while making the colors more soft deep, which makes Pompeii frescoes in the red close to the red ocher. He said: "Pompeii red pigment shows a Roman superb production technology."
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Pompeii (Pompeii)
Pompeii's history dates back to 10th century BC, when the Gulf side of Pompeii is only a small market, mainly engaged in agriculture and fisheries production, until the 3rd century BC, the powerful Roman Empire will be included in Pompeii own territory, where became a bustling city, many trade and economic development, focused on a number of magnificent architecture and exquisite sculpture, the Roman Empire was the economic, political and religious centers. 79 October AD 24, one day at noon, near the city of Pompeii Vesuvius volcano erupted, ash, gravel and mud instant annihilation of the whole of Pompeii, the Roman Empire's most prosperous cities in the volcanic eruptions of Vesuvius completely disappeared within 18 hours. Directly to the mid-18th century, this ancient city buried in the ground was only excavated and brought to light. Unearthed a mural in Pompeii, wrote, "Nothing can be eternal," can be sudden disaster destroyed Pompeii in the same time also makes the time of the ancient city to eternal life - can accommodate nearly 2 million people in the arena, more than 100 bars, more than 30 bread and dessert, can accommodate 5,000 of the Grand Theatre, a large stone paved pedestrian street block, carved stone sinks and beautiful murals ... ... all this because of a disaster and to hide over the years of invasion, as the great poet Goethe said, "In many disasters happening in the world, has never had any kind of disaster, like Pompeii, as it gives future generations is such a huge pleasure."
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Pompeii's artistic achievements
Pompeii has been excavated, which retains a large mural. Based on these murals of Pompeii Roman frescoes is divided into first, second, third and fourth style. The first style mosaic style, with stuccoed walls that good architectural detail, make split groove walls, colored, resulting in the illusion of colored stone mosaic effect; second style of architectural style, that wall use color to draw architectural details, with the perspective method to create a spacious interior space is actually much more than the illusion effect, and the central arrangement of the wall scenes larger plot of the painting; third style is Egyptian style, emphasizing the graphic sense, description fine, the wall color to draw the small size of a small still life and scenes of mythology, with elegant decorative sense; fourth style is the Pompeii of the Baroque style, popular in Europe and 17th century Baroque style was similar, on the wall depicting a layers of very realistic scene, and cumbersome, but also splendid, with a sense of space and movement, the color is gorgeous. Pompeii famous mural "secret sacrifice" is the second style masterpiece, the performance of Dionysus secret sacrifice. In the deep red background, close festival scene step by step to start, those tight girls, binge Sa Tuo Seoul and anxiety of female followers are in a solemn, mysterious and tense atmosphere.
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Ancient city disappeared overnight
As early as the 8th century BC, relying on the natural harbor of a Mediterranean fishing village of Pompeii, and gradually developed into the city. Several hundred years later, it merchants, second only to Italy, Rome's second largest city. It is south of Rome, 300 km west of the famous Sicilian, Nantong Greece and North Africa. Pompeii magical city that the sun temple, a huge Colosseum, the magnificent Grand Theatre, Church and shaman efficacious novel steam bath and a large number of shops and entertainment venues, attracting around the Mediterranean countries do not know (city) the number of wealthy and nobility. North of the city with hundreds of millions of years that Mount Vesuvius eruption brought about by several bizarre lava soil, as well as geothermal hot springs, volcanic rock, but also to make a reputation Pompeii: slightly burnt smell of which large tracts of fertile lava soil, so that Pang Tony produced a large grape juice and sweet, great wine, became the local aristocracy snapping the top grade; that day and night without a break of geothermal hot springs, bathing is not only attractive, but also attracted many nobles, the wealthy came to build gardens of Pompeii, villas, and contiguous development entertainment venues, so Yan Liu Pompeii soon became prosperous land. Especially the black trace of bright red lava rock, due to pain, soothe the nerves, bleeding of magic, everyone competing to have. But who can expect this side of Pompeii sleeping volcano millions of years, suddenly one day wake up, open Xuependakou instantly swallowed a reputation far and near Pompeii! It was AD 79 the first Sunday in October, is a big wine praying wife of Roman sudden chest pain, hemoptysis is more than his daughter Sofia anxious whining crying. Son Carlo, who heard about being unmarried at this time, he volunteered to ride a horse to go home to pick up Pompeii bleeding stone. Rome to Pompeii more than 300 km, dense trees and rugged Hill, robbers infested, full of danger, making the sentimental choice dilemma Sofia. Carlo understand fiancee Sophia concerns, he said: "I have ten years of riding, but also a strong warrior, hundreds of times, both day and night time I come back one accurate!" Sofia did not swear so, a Carlo military uniform with a few assistants to pull away! Hemoptysis more than two days the mother, Sophia and two nights without sleep, her mind has been contemplating Carlo Return Journey. Next day she had been Yi Men afar, looking forward to the familiar clip-clop of her ears, but I do not know why until the fourth day, fifth, or sixth day of her fiance did not appear in her eyes. Until after Christmas, she faintly heard a fierce News: October night, open mountain Vesuvius crater, ejected the sky blood red lava, a few hundred years suddenly became a sea of fire! ... ... Millennium city of Pompeii from the night disappeared! Volcanic eruption a long time to cool down. Amulet Wrangler after that: the past is very familiar with the dozens of ten thousand ares forest, grassland and woodland bordering the bustling and Pompeii are gone, only the immediate left after the lava cooled a long river like a scorched earth zone, surrounded by a silence, quiet life was so worry! Calculate the time of the disaster, Carlo went to Pompeii to take to stop bleeding is the stone that night. Fiance gone, from the Mediterranean four sounded "heartbroken Sofia" people singing ... ...
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One wonders hoe dug through the ages
庞贝 一锄掘出千古奇观
庞贝 一锄掘出千古奇观
As the years went by, gradually fade Pompeii world. Later, south from Rome and from Greece, Sicily northward migration along the foot of the volcano have been found covered with dense forest. When people go cutting trees, they will bare Heiyou black land, so we developed on growing grapes in it. Spring of the year 1748, a Ming Jiaoan get out of the farmers in the ferret its own vineyard, he was holding a hoe "bang clatter" sound, as if dug into a rock, but how hard can not pull a hoe. He quickly shouted brother, sister-in help. Clawed through mud and rocks the crowd and found a hoe through a metal cabinet, so it was busy divvying up the cabinet out of you, open it, there was actually a lot of molten, semi-molten gold and silver jewelry and ancient coins. News spread in this land of farmers growing grapes ancestral suddenly remembered about the missing legend of Pompeii, so an influx of errand, and later also attracted a number of historians and archaeologists here archeology. Later, the experts recommended the Government of Italy, in 1876, scientists began to explore Pompeii and orderly. After over a hundred years seventy-eight generation of experts continued to work and thousands of staff for their hard to maintain, and finally the Pompeii of the soul-stirring scene reproduced in the real world. Participate in excavations of Pompeii historian Wani Ao said: "It was such a shocking sight ah! Many people die in their sleep, some people die at home, they were holding the arm mouth panting; bread is still a lot of people oven, the dog still tied to the chain on the door; slaves also with a rope; the library shelves stocked with toilet paper made of books, the wall is also close to the election slogan, painted read the words of love ... " these images, demonstrating the ancient city of tens of thousands of lives were suddenly alive how ripped the chain of life! I saw the scene in Pompeii on display in sealed glass filled with various forms of men and women when the body (become more fossils), feel timid waves. In the eternal nature of the universe and in front of people, first of all respect for the natural, ecological protection, to compete with nature, how small it seems unable to ah!
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Amazing ancient city ruins
Today, Pompeii has been designated as UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage, visitors say here is "natural history museum," which attracts tens of thousands every day from people all over the world come here to swim visit. I am through the old city ruins of the streets, out in the semi-destroyed houses, villas, trade, market, shops, bakery, spa bath, warehouse and theater, the Colosseum, the playground, feel goosebumps imagination. While Pompeii is now also open to visitors only one-third of the rest buried in the ground. But I from 1.8 square kilometers of land, see the white, blue stone paving of the streets has reached dozens. Founder and tidy streets, to two meters wide and small, big four or five meters wide, as if China's Tang Dynasty Chang'an. I found the road here, each higher than the sidewalk ten to twenty centimeters, carefully inspected, the original Roman carriage is well developed in the middle of the road have left a deep rut road, was a two-inch deep low wear. It seems when the big carriage and noble warrior is always in the middle of the road gallop, and bow Dimei slaves and humble man in the street next to walking only two. In all of the intersection, did not expect the same with today's zebra, each _set_ with a block junctions are raised about 30 cm high, "every car stone", when flying from the carriage near the intersection to see "every car stone ", the natural slow down, the vehicle can only be caught from the rock slowly Chiguo. So this time I whim: we are now on the road crossing, the Romans invented it? In many blocks and cross the alley, I saw a big stone of carved reliefs. Stone of the surface relief or God, or beast, or fish head, which are connected with the bronze behind the tube, and a knob faucet. A rotating, spring bubbling out there for pedestrians drinking or washing. Today, many developed countries, stations, docks, airports, parks, playgrounds and streets are also available for direct drinking water with lead, this time I want to: many of today's major cities such _set_tings, whether it is 2,000 years City Gu Pangbei before their enlightenment? Pompeii In addition to houses, shops, villas and left all kinds of beautiful mosaic murals mosaics, those kinds of strange shapes pottery and glassware intoxicated and daydreams again and again, it is also that the marble building on the 5,000-seat round theater, 3000 seat Colosseum and the 40,000-seat stadium to my surprise not light, reverence arises spontaneously: the humanistic qualities of the ancient Romans and social development perspective, is 2000 years later, still admire endless ... ah ... Among them, what makes 2000 years later, the walls of Pompeii red wall color is still able to maintain a long brightly scientists doubt. Today, when we see it, the mural is still moving shiny red. Some of them are still intact to retain the wall, like left us a splendid mystery. A recent study found the ancient city of Pompeii "panacea" because, Berlin, Staatliche Museum researcher Dan Nila Daniel said: "Although Pompeii red cinnabar pigment only as raw material, but much better than normal cinnabar . " In order to uncover the mystery of Pompeii red pigment, Daniel will Pompeii frescoes in the red pigment samples with the same period, other components of the Roman wall paintings of red paint were analyzed: Cinnabar is mercury sulfide, Pompeii murals used in the Cinnabar is carefully handled, Daniel to the process described as "purification, grinding, and then to three-dimensional approach to artistic expression." Macerata University of Naples, Bernard Adams said, as the cinnabar pigment does require careful processing. "The vehicle is a lime paint, so it must be in liquid form can be used as raw material for paintings. Mural is complete, go through a process of polishing wax to make a more lasting murals preserved." Daniel said: "The pigment particles finer, more bright, covering the more powerful force, but the paint is not just that Pompey, I observed with a microscope, the pigment particles found in the matrix by adding a 10-15 micron crystals as flash particles. " Typically, the Roman will join abrasive particles 2-3 microns in good cinnabar powder, which can make the paint surface shiny while maintaining its saturated bright red pigment. Daniel's analysis shows that Pompeii's ancient Roman frescoes and murals were indeed different in general, because it was spiked with 10-25 micron crystals, the size of the crystals become more transparent, while making the colors more soft deep, which makes Pompeii frescoes in the red close to the red ocher. He said: "Pompeii red pigment shows a Roman superb production technology." Abundant Street through the main square. Walls on three sides, the main square, rectangular, square surrounded by built many magnificent buildings. Here is the Pompeii of political, economic and religious center. Decorated with the famous statue on the square, the square on both sides of the two temples were dedicated to the Roman king of the gods Jupiter and the sun god Apollo two Titans. The Southeast is a City Hall Plaza, which is the tallest building in Pompeii, which has the court and City Hall. There is also a two-story commercial building, locally produced wine, glass, oriental spices, precious stones and Chinese silk and other commodities, can negotiate the deal here. Northeast Plaza shopping malls. Here many shops, an array of goods. Was painted on the wall reads: "money that is fun." In an L-shaped bar inside with marble counter, where selling a variety of beverages. In a small hotel on the walls, you can also see the written price lists, figures and other guests of the outstanding loans. In a bakery oven, also found a piece of grilled bread, good shape, also printed above the baker's name. In the southeast corner of Pompeii, there are two open-air theater. Used to perform a drama, the other is a small auditorium, dedicated to comedy and music performances. There is also a magnificent arena can accommodate 20,000 people. It is the bloody gladiator fighting place. Find here a beautiful sword and helmet, also engraved on the wall Gladiator star's name, such as "Gala Fernandez, hero, heartbreaking", "Fricks will be fighting with the bear," and so on. Pompeii excavations, they found the remains of many victims, some of them miraculously "resurrection". Originally, their bodies wrapped in lava, the body decayed, leaving the solidified lava in the body cavity. Archaeologists poured liquid plaster into the cavity, and other liquid solidification of gypsum, and then stripped out of the lava, one with dying victims appeared before the plaster, the fall of a mother and her daughter tightly hold together, a beggar holding a purse filled with little money, there are several locked with chains arena slaves huddled in the corner ... ... Pompeii excavations, so that people like walking into a dream, like going against the time to go back, came to the first century AD Roman Empire city tour. ※ Note: (a lot of information is recorded in the AD 79 eruption on August 24, but later confirmed by archaeologists, and Pliny the Younger's eyewitness record of the year, the outbreak of the time should be AD 79 October 24 )
