Events: Wannan Incident: KMT has no intention of eradication of the beginning of the New Fourth Army (Figure
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Wannan Incident: KMT has no intention of eradication of the beginning of the New Fourth Army (Figure) Tencent
[REVIEW] In recent years, mainland scholars study based on historical data disclosed one after another, the KMT is not eliminated from the out_set_ that the New Fourth Army, but the two sides continue to friction, confrontation, and finally to a tragic ending.
Published in the article "History Reference" No. 1 in 2011
70 years ago, in January 1941, Southern Anhui Incident, which is a history of relations between Communist major turning point. A string of seemingly random events are linked together by chance, behind the irreconcilable conflict between the KMT, and the subsequent history to have a profound impact. However, the plot 70 years ago in the mountainous area in southern Anhui what happened, even today, still confusing, controversial.
January 1941, the New Fourth Army in the southern Anhui Maolin areas were surrounded by massive attacks on the KMT. New Fourth Army Headquarters, more than 9,000, in addition to two thousand people in the new detachment commander, led by Fu Qiutao break, but most of the captured or killed. Ye Ting commander was arrested, deputy commander and deputy chief of staff Zhouzi Kun Xiang Ying Chiang Kai-shek ordered the break to escape after the ceasefire, March 12, the two attendants in red Cloudy Hill aide Hou-General was killed.
South Anhui Incident, the Communist parties blamed each other that the New Fourth Army defied KMT Central Command, the Communist Party as a party to put the incident and the KMT in a deliberate conspiracy to destroy the New Fourth Army. In recent years, mainland scholars study based on historical data disclosed one after another, the KMT is not eliminated from the out_set_ that the New Fourth Army, but the two sides continue to friction, confrontation, and finally to a tragic ending.
Battle of the New Fourth Army north Austin Cao trouble
Communist New Fourth Army was a product of anti-Japanese cooperation. Shortly after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the CPC Central Committee issued a "guerrilla zones on the instructions of the South", a clear command of residual scattered around the south arm, the National Government to accept the adaptation, assembly into the New Fourth Army, and "Supreme Military Council to accept a unified command."
Fourth Army Incident occurred three months ago, according to Yan Chen Yi's command, led a column of the New Fourth Army south across the river north, Northern advance, with the KMT Hande Qin Division stationed in this head-on collision. Early October 1940, Chen Yi and Su Yu and his troops captured the Huangqiao and Jiangyan, and roll back the tens of thousands of troops surrounded the KMT eighty-ninth Army commander Li Shouwei drowned in eight feet ditch. KMT during the Sino-Japanese War killed a total of more than 10 senior military officers at the division level, the two groups, respectively commander and eight Army. The campaign to kill the KMT's a long and a Lieutenant in the Brigadier General. Huangqiao occupied by the New Fourth Army, but the military will soon be captured.
October 19, 1940, the Kuomintang Military Commission and deputy chief of staff Yingqin, Zhu De and Peng Pai Chung-hsi call, issued an ultimatum, a deadline a month, asked the Eighth Route and New Fourth Army marched north of Yellow River. Meanwhile, two of the Order of White Ho Tang Enbo, LI Pin-Xian and Gu Zhutong ready to attack the New Fourth Army - this is before the New Fourth Army in Huangqiao military strikes in retaliation.
Chiang Kai-shek's goal is clear, the Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army drive to the Yellow River to the north of Ji and Cha (Hebei and Chahar) provinces, the Communist Party's military expansion can be limited. Military means to fundamentally solve the problem, not his time trying to achieve.
Communist China has Delongwangshu. In late November 1940, proposed by Liu Shaoqi, secretary of the Central Plains Bureau, Mao approved the implementation of central command on the fighting in Northern Cao Austin, trying to bang solution Hande Qin forces in the in the North. November 29, Cao Austin battle started.
Ye Ting Cao Austin fear a war will adversely affect the New Fourth Army Headquarters, the same day asked the Central Committee: "I am safe in Northern action can be extended after crossing the North?" Restoration of Mao Zedong said: "The overall situation in Northern action has nothing to do. Guzhu Tong ( the direct leadership of the New Fourth Army) may be called several times, and you half-hearted twelve. North crossing is to let them step to the bigger picture, Jiang, Gu will not be difficult to you. now moving north in batches, transfer the end of December is not too late End . "
Three days later, the Department of the Kuomintang military orders to violent reaction, requiring rapid eastward to reinforce the Ministry Tang Enbo Cao Austin. Yingqin the further instructions: "to make Tang Enbo east, but still fear systems,. It is not allowed on the New Fourth Army in the south of the crossing by the northern Zhenjiang, except the north by the southern crossing place. Or to the contrary line, so the Department Department of directly involved in attacks on Han Deqin. If you dare to attack communist troops Jiangbei Xinghua, the third theater of the New Fourth Army south should be established to resolve. "
December 4, Minister Xu Yongchang military orders to the views of Yingqin formal submissions written report and Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang approval to do so immediately. Cao Austin battle, the war casualties is too large for the New Fourth Army, was forced to withdraw early. Most affected is the southern New Fourth Army, because since then, the New Fourth Army we can not go east, north by the southern become difficult. However, the analysis of Mao Zedong, after all sorts of information to determine if the New Fourth Army to continue to stay in southern Anhui, danger will be greater. Therefore, he strongly advocated forces quickly northward, and argue that two-pronged, adventure by crossing the southern North.
Xiang Ying do not want the New Fourth Army moved northward
However, the generals of the north of the timing of loss and delay. Ye Ting and Xiang Ying does not, and the New Fourth Army in the long-term is almost an open secret.
As Chen Yi recalled: "Xiang Ying Ye Ting commander of disrespect, distrust, not to the work of its sole military, has been arranged into battlefield command, he doth not." Xiang Ying not only in the military does not respect Ye Ting, in their daily work and lifestyle, but also quite a lot of criticism of Ye Ting. Ye Ting to force inspections, like a horse travel, with the aide, staff, guards and other entourage are more Qianhuhouyong bunch. British troops to the items used to pomp, and so he thinks Ye Ting was placed bureaucratic airs, does not meet the Red Army officers and men of the same style. Ye Ting handsome, dressed in clean, it usually is not a general service across the Yellow River, is to wear leather jackets, suits and other plain clothes, rarely wear standard uniform dark gray the New Fourth Army. Xiang Ying is shaved head, summer and winter, the New Fourth Army uniform standard not lower body, the middle of winter is also wearing an old cotton coat. Special treatment for Ye Ting eaten alone, but also bring a chef from Guangdong. Ye Ting loves photography, leisure time, often brought back from abroad Stock your a German resident near the scene camera. People at home and abroad to visit, he also love to take some photos as a memento. His communicative activities are more often called the chef to do Guangdong Hakka dishes, invite friends to dinner. Xiang Ying is also invited to eat once or twice, but later felt "wrong", it never been to. He believes that this is not the proletariat of the "hard" life style, he reminds others as little as possible, the military where people gradually, and Ye Ting alienated.
Xiang Ying Mao Zedong's call many times, reminding him "of the New Fourth Army's political leadership can not change, but should respect the status and role of Ye Ting", "Ye Ting to do by the military command", "education in the New Fourth Army in order to determine the Ye Ting the correct attitude, "" Always keep a good relationship with Ye Ting comrades. "
Multi-party mediation, the leaf entry discord eased. However, fundamental differences have not been eliminated, and the emergence of the eve of the outbreak in the South Anhui Incident.
In fact, the CPC Central Committee has already identified the New Fourth Army east, north and guiding the development of ideas. In this regard, the British entry is not positive from the start, hesitate. Out of concern for military security, the central key repeatedly call the British, that "southern Anhui military to speed transfer is appropriate." Chen Yi, Su Yu and other comrades have also cabled to the British entry, writing letters, advised he had determined to take the initiative to move as soon as possible military or Southern Jiangbei. However, as the British entry in a long guerrilla war, fear of the east, north mountain deep behind enemy lines without relying on difficult to survival and development, has been unable to move under the determination. He made a lot of very long central telegraph, has repeatedly stressed the move difficult, dangerous. Ye Ting believes that proposed by the central authorities based on the global military transfer request in a timely and important and should be firmly maintained, and should not get in the way. He Xiang Ying clear: he understood the intent of the CPC Central Committee, support the Party Central Committee's instructions. However, Ye Ting is also clear that the views of those outside myself what of? He clung to this attitude: they have to say to understand the views, the British hear their items, that is his business, he has a right to decide.
Until December 1940, the situation has been extremely urgent, Mao Zedong repeatedly urged, to Xiang Ying is still hesitates on the north noncommittal.
Situation is critical, the New Fourth Army decided to venture south
December 9, Chiang Kai-shek power: "Yellow River south of the Eighth Route and New Fourth Army ordering, to December 31, 1940 must be open to the north of the Yellow River; limited to the New Fourth Army south of the Yangtze December 31, 1940 open to the north of the Yangtze region, and in January 31, 1941 to withdraw north of the Yellow River. "
December 10, Cao Austin battle fire incessantly, Chiang Kai-shek issued a Rush to the Guzhu Tong T:
(A) Cha Su pseudo gangs continue to attack the North Han Deqin Department, in order for the southern military forces (the New Fourth Army) will not directly participate in the Korean Ministry of attack, should be allowed to cross the North by the Zhenjiang, except for the original to the north crossing, or otherwise provided by the Executive line.
(B) of the Ministry of the theater on the south bandit should be _set_ according to previous plans, properly deployed. Jiangbei bandits found Xinghua pseudo dare attack, or to limit the military still Zunling North crossing, shall be promptly resolved without further tolerance!
December 16, Cao Austin battle for the Eighth Route and New Fourth Army can not win and miserably.
Encouraged by this, the KMT military leaders to solve the Chinese Communists in the military threat on the desire to become more intense. Yingqin direct a letter to Chiang Kai-shek, requiring the third theater should be ready, "the New Fourth Army south to be addressed immediately." Hu Tsung-nan Communist attack altogether developed the "capital" Yenan war plan, and the secret power Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang asked the front by the enemy, "very gentle" of the machine, "adjustment strategy configurations", increased deployment of troops to the Shaanxi and Gansu, in order to "meet the very incident." Pai Chung-hsi told: "The military has for sure, not to Zaibai" and advocated by the Third Theater and the New Fourth Army in Northern Anhui implementation of the Guangxi Army North and South sides.
Based on the needs of the overall anti-Japanese, Chiang Kai-shek various demands of military generals, Kennedy did not relent. His basic principle is: "one side is prepared to the military, one side is still the main political solution, not the full breakdown." The problem is both a warrant, the time limit _set_, riding the tiger has become a trend. Approved by the Department of military orders, "the Yellow River south of the bandit troops destroy the battle plan" to mean that the KMT will definitely have an army of non-compliance of the Yellow River south of the disobedience of the Chinese military launched operation between the KMT and then there will inevitably be a comprehensive breakdown of the danger.
After approval of the plan, see the determination of the New Fourth Army still no schedule north, Chiang Kai-shek was feeling things will become significant. December 25, he summoned the Chinese Communist Party on behalf of Zhou Enlai specifically to "a very emotional expression" to the week revealed his concerns, told Week said: "You must be according to the way open to Hebei, or I can not command his men. Su North things become significant, and now are opposed to you who hear. They are angry, they are not listened to my words. "He implied that week, do not reflexively defer to fear a war is inevitable, and said:" I do not want civil war, do not want to kill each other, the problem is not to stay in Jiangbei New Fourth Army is not if, we are the revolution, conflict resolution is difficult to avoid, I am sure, you will fail. "
"Exterminate the Yellow River south of the bandit troops battle plan" approved by Jiang, Gu Zhutong in the Order of his troops on December 20, to separately assembled to surround the resident in Southern New Fourth Army, to build bunkers, only to be Jiang's order, would be "completely eliminated the villain's lair. "
However, on the north route has been debated within the CPC, there is no clear solution. Chiang Kai-shek in situ means that the New Fourth Army crossing directly north, Gu Zhutong let Lee make a release of chemicals pose cents, to some extent relieve the concerns of the Chinese Communist Party. Mao Zedong's telegram on the 27th Northern definitely a direct crossing of the program, just to remind the leaf items "still on the Kwangsi alert to prevent attacks."
However, Zhou Enlai in Chongqing am not optimistic. In a telegram to the Central, he said, "Lee has been in the arrangement of goods cents plot to attack me." History, according to experts, Yang Kuisong analysis, this thesis comes from Zhou Enlai received December 25 of a twenty-first Army intelligence on the partition wipe program. In fact, this plan only to prevent the New Fourth Army north after crossing the north not in accordance with the command, "stay behind the nuisance" and design. But Zhou did not dare take it lightly, he insisted on taking the best batch southern North crossing, which coincides with the program Ye Ting.
However, take the north east, the north by the southern crossing of the KMT prohibited. Cao before the Chinese Communists fought for Austin, the New Fourth Army small unit also entered the war, infuriated by the Kuomintang northward to prevent the name of the New Fourth Army, re-attack the real Cao Austin, sent two divisions have long guarded the road to the east.
Wannan Incident, Ye Ting arrested Xiang Ying Bounty
7, Guzhu Tong Shangguan compared with the third theater of the first 32 ordered 80,000 people to the New Fourth Army launched offensive. Xiang Ying has several transmitters to Yan'an, the KMT central representations to the ceasefire, but Mao was not related to response. January 9, Liu Xiang Ying Mao to ask about the case of power, Mao call back that he does not know anything.
Ultimately, the key idea of the British did not agree with Ye Ting, decided to retrace the original route forces, changing southwest forward, so that has been made in turn for the better of the New Fourth Army in dire straits. 10, the New Fourth Army Headquarters report to Mao: "supports four days and nights of self-defense fighting exercises had been near an impasse, the cadres are prepared to sacrifice all." "Please the name of the Party Central Committee and Zhou Enlai, speed to Chiang, Gu representations to at full rupture threats to withdraw care around, or to save. "12, Zhou Enlai, Mao wanted to" make serious representations to the KMT, now withdrawn around. " Zhou Enlai in the KMT 13 to protest, but it was too late. Ye Ting telegraphed the CPC Central Committee: "The central decision of all military, political action by the commander leaves, Rao Shushi (deputy secretary of the South East) the total charge of two, decided that every action leaves the next commander." Star Lake breakthrough in the loss of this most After a good fighter, Ye Ting organizational forces partial break, to save power. 14, at the suggestion of Rao Shushi, in order to rescue troops trapped in the mountains, Ye Ting negotiations with the enemy down, the results were detained in jail. More than 9,000 people in Southern New Fourth Army units, and finally break out of only two thousand people.
Rao Shushi see Ye Ting still not back, I feel odds are against us, we will break through organizational units separately, after the dangers, and finally down the mountain in 17 out of danger.
South Anhui Incident to vanish into thin air KMT-CPC cooperation
Incident broke out, the two parties blame each other. March 17, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order declaring the New Fourth Army as the "rebels" to cancel the New Fourth Army designation, Ye Ting pay the court-martial. CCP no retreat, hit back. 20, the CPC Central Military Commission issued an order to re-establish the New Fourth Army, as acting commander Chen Yi, Liu Shaoqi as political commissar. While all efforts and good offices, the two parties reached a temporary _set_tlement, but the consequent major change in the relationship between KMT and CPC, is not to diminish the possible compromise. |
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