Events: Professors of the school experiment: how to teach mother-tongue as the teaching language? (Photos)
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Professors of the school experiment: how to teach mother-tongue as the teaching language? (Photo) China Youth Daily
In accordance with the skin's theory, 5 to 6-year-old preschool children, their mother tongue base is very weak, the lack of enough vocabulary to support logical thinking. "Traditional language education quality and efficiency of the reason is low, precisely because of the negative impact by this theory." Kekang said. "But the mother tongue as the language is necessary as starting from the words and grammar to teach it?"
Professor He Kekang lectures Quiz
Professor He Kekang school students together with the experimental
In the United Nations FAO that "the most inhospitable" Xihaigu Region of Ningxia, Kekang to do, "like to make the same incredible Xihaigu surrounded by mountains."
His plan is to spend two years, so that Haiyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to complete elementary school students in rural areas, can recognize and read more than 2,500 commonly used Chinese characters, young people can read popular books, such as the abbreviated version of "Three Kingdoms" , Capability to write more than 150 words structured, fluent and smooth the article - in short, the amount of its literacy, reading and writing skills to meet or exceed the best urban school students the same grade level, but also to ensure that no additional burden on school work .
10 at the end of the day, the 4th Kekang to Haiyuan. A year ago, he brought the poor counties of the state known as "leapfrog" the education topics.
Road car bumped over the distant mountains and barren far as the eye is yellow glare. "This kind of landscape around China are also rare, right?" 73-year-old professor at rolling down the window, looked out the window.
In fact, the weak local hardware facilities and teacher education students, not stronger than many of the natural environment here.
Help these poor dolls
The primary educators in the eyes of Haiyuan, Professor Ho from afar is a "big man" - he is the first educational technology doctoral supervisor, presided over the development of China's first "distance education resource construction specifications."
Such a technology in education recognized top experts in the field, but now it is the "university, please do not move, elementary school have not been invited." One of his disciples, according to estimates, "the old man every year more than 1 / 4 of the working time here, at primary school classroom."
Kekang first start of the "leapfrog" the subject, he did not want to issue a clear lead in rural areas.
10 years ago, the first pilot of this topic, almost all of the domestic first-class primary school. Not long ago, some American educators to Guangzhou to visit a pilot school, where pupils are each equipped with a notebook computer, network teaching all classes, "so that teaching and learning environment than the United States can not."
However, the icing on the cake is not the ultimate goal of any anti-grams. Since 2003, he tried to project into the rural schools. In 2004, the project began at the national level poor counties Fengning comprehensive promotion.
The end of 2008, when he Haiyuan County Deputy Secretary of Education and Sport Ma Xingwang in Yinchuan heard Kekang topics introduced by leaps and bounds. For them the concept of a time he did not wholly understand, but fascinating subject of the targets.
Lunch time, Ma Xingwang find Kekang, asked him: "Can you put this issue into the Haiyuan?"
Prior to this, the deputy director in charge of teaching took 40 days to research the hundreds of Haiyuan a village in the mountainous area of small and teaching point of completion. He told his conclusions Ho: "Poor places, poor people lived, gave birth to the poor child, to accept a poor education."
"Leap-subject teachers and students are not picky." Kekang said, "the most children in poor areas can also enjoy high-quality education."
The end of October this year, a County in the Ningxia Yong topics seminar, again to the grass-roots anti-Hogg educators expressed their belief in this subject.
"The power of education lies in the fact the teacher can become a regular teacher, can compare the original basis for poor students ... ... ... ... soon to become good students. I think ... ... I think ... ..." said Kekang words, the several choking, and ultimately could not finish.
Closing, people still talk, a very unusual case, why will not ridden their own things in the old professor.
The teacher thought for a long while familiar, said: "Because it is his ideal."
How to teach mother-tongue as the teaching language?
Kekang not "engage in education" was born. He graduated from Beijing Normal University, was working on character encoding. Evaluation of the industry, he has achieved in this field, and even earlier than Wang Yongmin (Wangmawubi input inventor).
When he was studying in California, the new fledgling Apple invited him to develop Chinese character input. However, he rejected the invitation, back home, turned to character coding technology to teach students to read. In the 30 years of practice, he gradually formed its own "leapfrog" educational philosophy.
In the education sector, many people to "leapfrog" the reference made veiled criticisms. In the view of educators, government officials will be shouting this slogan, but teaching is a long-term accumulation, progressive work, does not allow for false and exaggerated. Therefore, those issues by leaps and bounds beyond the goal of the new curriculum, is seen as Destructive Enthusiasm.
"In fact, we greatly underestimated the ability of children to learn their mother tongue." Kekang replied.
In his view, the traditional mother-tongue teaching a large extent by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget's "stage theory of cognitive development of children" effect. In accordance with the skin's theory, 5 to 6-year-old preschool children, their mother tongue base is very weak, the lack of enough vocabulary to support logical thinking. Before the age of 10, children can only have specific things based on the initial logical thinking, it is difficult to write an abstract and general articles.
"Traditional language education quality and efficiency of the reason is low, precisely because of the negative impact by this theory." Kekang said. This effect is large and deep, into almost all areas of language teaching.
For example, the second-year school, "Crow water," generations are required to start from the words and syntax. If the teacher which made reading and writing from the start, would be considered a violation of the law of children's cognitive development.
"But the mother tongue as the language is necessary as starting from the words and grammar to teach it?" Kekang always doubt on this issue.
Back in the late 80s, some Chinese psychologists survey has shown that 5 to 6-year-old preschool children's oral vocabulary to master more than 3,500, 4 to 5-year-old preschool children have been able to understand and apply the Chinese kinds of patterns, including the more complex questions, and even sarcasm can hear it. This is the skin's "mother tongue base is very weak pre-school children" theory evident contradiction.
In practice, anti-Hogg found that although children can not read nor write, but with the powerful "sound and meaning" basis. Educators had to get more complicated, "Three Hundred Tang Poems" been tested, as long as the note on Pinyin sound, most of first grade children can read and can understand the basic meaning of the poem. In addition to individual words, such as "Willow" inside "million green silk sash hanging down", the "cord", which only need helped interpret.
And critical theory in succession on the basis of Piaget, Kekang has completed two books, "language awareness" and "On the development of new thinking on children." In his view, children quickly learn their mother tongue is the fundamental way to the center must be based on language use, rather than grammatical term for the center. For first-year students for their oral language skills and thinking skills are in place to write structured, fluent and smooth the objective conditions of the article, so mother-tongue teaching must change the traditional teaching methods, to literacy, reading and writing of three teaching together.
To second grade text, "cotton-padded shoes in the sun" for example, curriculum standards provided for students to master, "Mom, afternoon, good, put, together, to close," 6 the four words, the request would read, write, understand will use. The traditional teaching how to teach it? People who have language lessons on the most experienced, that is, repeatedly spelling in the classroom, home to write a 10 times 20 times.
In accordance with the concept of leap, do not need the heavy homework, as long as the expansion in the classroom reading the words repeated, can be enhanced by reading literacy. Meanwhile, writing in the first class session, you can also ask students to design with these six words or sentences puzzle, in order to complete a comprehensive cognitive training.
Example, a student pilot class so sentences: "At noon, my mother and grandmother to go shopping, I came home from school bags packed waiting for them, waiting, waiting, and I shall soon see that slowly fell asleep."
For such a result, the research group, said the teacher would praise: "Very well, go home to play."
Professor He Kekang in the pilot schools Fengning
Haiyuan teacher Fan Youbang oldest research group and his students
Traditional language teaching to use the 80% of the work place do not have to teach
Although the theoretical basis of the subject by leaps and bounds and the teaching philosophy is not complicated, but the teacher in practice there are still many problems to be solved. With the higher grades, teaching there will be adjusted accordingly. So every month, in what the group members, led by anti-grams will be dispatched to various tests from the Beijing area, observation and evaluation by listening tests give teachers more guidance.
10 end Kekang again with his research group to Haiyuan. In the county 10 kilometers away from Xi'an, Heung Central Primary School, in the subject Xu Haiying second grade teacher is a language lesson, the day talk about the "little willow and small jujube" second class.
This is a fairy tale to the effect that: the spring, grow a small willow leaves, very proud of, which to look down on a small bare jujube. In the fall, many small jujube Results big red dates. Small willow see yourself, what did not end, and realized wrong.
Carefully prepared with the city's public courses are compared, Xu Haiying class teacher did not look busy - no interest in multimedia courseware to mobilize children, no new curriculum reform to promote interactive participation, nor derived from the expansion of content. The only difference is that she uses is called a "211" teaching mode.
40 minutes of a class is divided into three parts. 20 minutes before the teacher's explanation of the text, and then allow students to open a research group prepared by the "expansion of reading materials," textbook for each text can be found here corresponds to 6 to 8 to expand Read the article. To this text, there are songs "tree" essay "Little Willow", idiom stories, "gulping", there are some themes similar to the fairy tale with the text, such as "8 Highlighter" "stationery a little story" "The sun and the north wind," and so on. Xu Haiying pick one of five, asking them to read quickly, do not know the words, their own dictionary.
About 10 minutes later, Xu teacher announced the end to read, and then on the board out of two essay questions. The first description of a good friend, to pay attention to discovering each other's strengths, and second, continue to write this tale, choose one of two questions. This 10-minute session of writing is to let students try to write, eventually finish is not important.
"A good idea, in fact, often very simple." Has been concerned about this issue, a teacher commented, "In a small language community, the teachers acknowledged reading and writing is important, but few dare to cut half of the teaching time for the younger students to read and write independently. "
Xu Haiying teacher for this lesson, Kekang think there room for improvement. He has been Qiazhao time. Led by teachers teaching took 27 minutes, which led to the expansion of student-centered reading and writing, respectively, leaving only 6 minutes and 7 minutes. Kekang that promise because of the important objectives of teacher education is not in place and difficult to grasp.
There is a link, Xu teachers ask questions, how good-looking small willow, who read it? How ugly small jujube, who look for, read it out? Add to study this question using a 5 minutes.
"Disadvantages of traditional language teaching is that, to use the 80% of the work place do not have to teach." Kekang said. The two elementary problems, the students read the text can be solved, no need to spend too much time. Instead, focus and difficulty of teaching language in the expression of emotion, attitude and values of humanity, and such as how to guide students to realize that to be good at discovering people's strengths and complement each other.
Haiyuan County Department of nodded in agreement after listening to a teacher. For example, he said: For years, teachers have to teach "the phase and" are all from the beginning to ask questions, Mianchi meeting, Lian how? Students answered according to the book, "Get the lead is ... ..." Then the teacher asked how to Lin Hsiang-ju, the King of Qin how, from the beginning to the end asked. Seems there is interaction between teachers and students, the result is that students nothing.
If the concept by leaps and bounds, teacher lesson preparation to be the point. Such as "the phase and" is characterized by the appearance and actions to reflect the character, then 20 minutes of instruction should guide students to experience through the language movement of character appearance, and then expand the 10-minute essay read all about the characters. Part of the last 10 minutes of writing, allowing students to write their own students, required by appearance, language, action to reflect the character.
In Haiyuan, a day's work, and group members Kekang two town centers run school, after listening to four classes, evaluation of the 4 classes. Back to the hotel when the county has long been dark, waiting for attendants to open the door for a short time, over seventy, he leaned in the service platform, said nothing.
"The old man was tired ah." Haiyuan accompanying teachers in private exclaimed.
Find children's creativity and humanity
Time back 50 years, when the young Kekang study electronics at the Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University and professional time, was obsessed with writing novels, and even bent to the Chinese Department. Department of minors was transferred, stayed on to teach. In 1979 he joined the newly established Institute of Modern Educational Technology of Beijing Normal University, a pioneer in the field of educational technology in China, his life trying to figure out how to put those theories related to education and technology with the practice.
He never gave up on the mother-tongue teaching enthusiasm. "The Chinese language education has three problems." Kekang was concluded. First, too much emphasis on the tools of language subjects to the neglect of their humanity, the second is too much emphasis on standardized tests and stifle creative thinking and the third is too much emphasis on writing skills for students training to the neglect of observation, imagination training.
He was adhering to the older grade teacher in the Yi language words - "Learning language is learning to be human, with the language of reading, writing, listening and speaking training, education permeated with cognitive, emotional education and character education. Mother tongue is not simply symbol system of language, but was attached to a soul. "
In Kekang view, this is the language of the humanities disciplines is not aware of this humanity, only one-sided emphasis on the tools of language, the article with scalpel dismembered, leaving the students to mind the sign can only be Jilinggousui . Consequences of doing so is "tied to the thinking of students lived, the living students into robots, the student's personality, Reiki gave destroyed."
From the late 90s of last century, determined to take anti-Hogg children's creativity and humanity back.
In 2000, he was found in Shenzhen, a famous experimental school, began to practice their theoretical leaps and bounds. He found that the introduction of class expansion in the language to read and write after playing the computer, every plug-written words, non-test, the students often only write one or two, and test, the students could write a whole paragraph. To the second grade, writing science fiction have been.
In 2002, another anti-Hogg Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, 6 primary schools were found to join issue, this time 211 of the model has basically taken shape. In the past, people think is not suitable for first-year students learn both languages and English, fearing that easy to confuse the Chinese phonetic alphabet and letters. Results Kekang subject test students in English language and two subjects at the same time to achieve a leap-forward development. Language capabilities, to the end of second grade, students read and write has been completed memorizing 2500 words can be written Thousand Character Classic, and reached 120 million words per volume of reading.
In 2004, he returned to Shenzhen, Nanshan District, in the most remote of the Mid-slope, to find Pak Mong school principal. This school was weak in 96% of the students are children of farmers and migrant workers in the region 55 is always last on the school. Participate in the trial after only 3 years, a total score of the school district to enter the top 10.
Subsequently, Fengning County, Hebei Province also introduced by leaps and bounds issues, implementation time has been extended from first grade to middle school. This is the subject of the first large-scale promotion in rural areas.
Test area in each subject, parents and teachers are always most concerned about, "leap", the children how to test scores.
Although I do not Kekang utilitarian value of such indicators, but he did not worry about it. June 2007, in support of Beijing Municipal Education Commission, the research group has taken the seven classes of Yanqing County, Changping District, 19 classes for the test ban, while the two _select_ed parts of the famous class of primary school as the control group carried out comparison test. Data show that the test basis and reading classes explore issues and part of the average slightly lower than the control group, while the composition of the average was higher.
From a similar survey in Guangzhou, the basis of test word classes, reading, writing average scores were higher, beyond the final score 12.22 points.
The best schools from coast to ordinary schools, to weak schools, rural schools, along this path, the ultimate anti-Hogg sights on the poorest regions in western China.
In fact, as early as 2006, by leaps and bounds in the subject has been the acceptance by the Ministry of Education, is considered to be "a good scientific research." In theory, he did not need to re-use tests prove that the new subject of scientific leaps and bounds.
"I'm thinking about is, how can the poorest regions of China to the children, too, can enjoy a quality education." Kekang said.
Rapid topics already unconsciously to balance the goal of education transformation.
A lot of reading and writing, like large pieces of meat
The end of 2008, Ma Xingwang Kekang talk with after the leap to change the subject as an opportunity Haiyuan ecological education.
His friend, Haiyuan County Board of Education off the main Renzhong Lin Xiang, the education of Haiyuan closer view of the technical level. The language has 20 years of teaching experience as a teacher of the local sixth grade students had done research on reading. He found that teachers themselves do not read a graduated up to look at the "Family" magazine, and students, 91% had no outside reading. Q. What books read, the answer is "language" "Mathematics" "moral character", "nature", anyway, are textbooks. Is less than 10% of the reading materials, and most are "writing election."
Language teaching for 20 years, Zhong Lin regret is that reading and writing has not worked out a good teaching methods. There is a consensus primary language community, teach the secret of language is summed up in two words "read" and "write", if summed up in four words is "more reading and writing." Zhong Lin heard, Shandong has a teacher that "mass reading instruction," so to discuss with the Maxing Wang, Shandong, to bring the teacher to learn.
"Do not worry, Beijing Normal University have come leaps and bounds Haiyuan topics, or you listen first." Maxing Wang told him.
When you see the subject's reading and writing goals, Zhong Lin laughed, he said, "This is what I want." Task Force of experts used to the vast amounts of reading and writing words, "a large input and large output", and the Northwest Forest bell man more willing to read: "It is like you eat meat every morning, noon, also eat meat, eat at night meat, poor health is not possible. "
August 2009, the first seven Haiyuan County rural schools joined the project by leaps and bounds. Distribution was in accordance with the orientation of East and West, Ma Xingwang plan is that after 3 years subject to the county to expand the village teaching point.
Despite the difficult situation early on Haiyuan have heard, the research group of experts, field visits, or some surprise: seven schools participate in the trial with only two rural distance education environment, the other five still the "Blackboard + chalk"; 14 teachers participating in the trial had never participated in any education topics, including 7 from the Special Gang or no teaching experience of teachers; participating students are from rural areas, many parents are illiterate, many students pre-school education almost empty, literacy capacity zero.
The first lesson is on the Central Primary School's field off rainbow bridge teacher. It is said that first-year students most interested in the colorful books, and the results for the post from a special teacher to teach according to the near reading lesson plans, front Shuidao a piece. Wake of a teacher lectures, the children in the ignorant ignorant glance, went back to sleep. Board of Education Master Ren Zhonglin sitting in the back, sweat streaming down along the spine.
The second class, to another town, a male teacher is too tight, and fell down from the podium.
Xian Xu Haiying teachers in primary schools because of too much pressure, sleepless nights, class, mouth full of foam.
Primary school teacher'd Houjian Xia Li Jun, an experienced language teacher, the beginning is also very interested in the topic, given high expectations by research group. Later she found that 20 minutes speech about them that knowledge is always points. One day, she sent the message to the Task Force, the first sentence is "I can not go, there is no ready-made lesson plans, I really do not come out the design."
Task Force of experts to receive mail, was surprised, "even the best teachers have collapsed?"
No love, no education
The first few months, as the task force leaders of Maxing Wang Haiyuan heart does not end. And the Task Force on Anti-Hogg, under the guidance of experts, teachers and students but does not seem to grow big.
"This year, if not the outcome, we really take people's children to do the test." Maxing Wang in the heart to ask yourself, "ye children of the people could get a test it?"
Seeing a lot of teachers are to play drums at the retreat, he has to continue to cheer for the teachers. Also many skeptics. Ningxia University, Associate Dean of Education Zhang Ling and her research group of graduate students is also a member of the Haiyuan, she found, and sometimes Kekang unable to come to Haiyuan, by the research group in the doctoral and master their representatives, some people questioned no teaching experience, these "baby expert" teachers can guide the line.
But in the end to eliminate these differences is that some kind of spiritual strength. Professor at the grassroots level where educators from the Haiyuan Education, Department of the leadership in Beijing to the "baby expert" between the infection of this force is always with each other.
Zhong Lin notes that detail. Once the bell rang, and Beijing Normal University's Dr. Wu Juan went to prepare the wooden chair for her before the dust on the chair, Dr Wu went around to the other side only then blow off the dust. Zhong Lin realized that if homeopathy just a blow, it will flow into the front of the children, and their perimeter to flow into the corridor.
"No love, no education." Zhong Lin said, "This love for the child is common."
Love and patience to wait for the final paid off. 5 months after the project implementation, there is news of the center of the tree _set_s a first grade elementary school students in the morning train puzzle, "becoming" is a waterwheel stiffened, then off the bridge center of a first grade elementary school student said, "Cotton" white towel hanging from a tree.
In the "four sun" part of writing this text, a first grade child wrote: "I want to have a black sun, black hair, tan solar to Grandma." There is also a child wrote: "Draw a love the sun, the children sent to Yushu. "
Such a poor mountainous areas in Haiyuan, many teachers teach for a lifetime book, nor seen such imaginative and emotionally rich first-year students.
These changes make teachers more enthusiasm into the subject of. Embarrassed after the first lesson, the teacher to live in Hong Tian school, has written a four teaching reflection. One night at 11 o'clock, Lin Chung is the office on my blog, heard a voice corridor, a little scared. Listen closely, "Oh, is reading the text field rainbow."
Task Force 56, Fanyou Bang is the oldest teacher. Beginning with the old teachers do not know how to operate the computer, then to multimedia teaching, he bought a computer, vowed to give his educational career with a big exclamation point on the painting.
Hou Jianxia finally able to control the classroom by leaps and bounds, by people known as the "heroes teachers."
Haiyuan test ban and non-test results show the control classes: half a year, not very different; subjects after one year, test the language classes average 10 points higher, and the mother tongue of the students closer to the county level.
In a summary of the meeting, Ma Xingwang some emotion, said: "In our most difficult times, who taught us? Is our children's education to us. Who inspired us? Is our children inspired us."
Across the starting line to the same
June of this year, implementation issues for nearly a year of Haiyuan primary was held in Xi'an spot. The participants, after listening to two language classes, just transferred to the mouth of education to teach the body near Haiyuan County organizers to speak on behalf of the Secretary Bai Xu.
In fact, this is the first contact the Secretary on the subject. He was not drafted speeches prior to others, just want to "talk about the truth": "We are now used to seeing all sorts of community 'show'. First I see the meeting in the student work on the guidelines, the suspect that these and not a student of the real work, perhaps written by parents. "
This reminds people, after observing the scene in the classroom teaching, Baiju Chang always observed with the eyes of the students questioned the process of writing. He added: "When I see students to think over the side of writing, writing for a while thought for a moment, stop with the eraser the wrong Shihai rewrite, I believe that these works are true, is true in the classroom and in the formation. The doll will be able to write the first year such a good essay, which really surprised me. "
Day, Xu Haiying teacher is out of the essay, "My joy and happiness." 10 minutes of time, her students hand in his paper:
"My father and mother do not quarrel, they care about me, they dutiful grandparents, my grandparents very distressed. My joy and happiness that I brought home!"
"It is raining, we can not go home in the classroom, the teacher umbrella, and said, you can send us to the door, I feel very happy."
"My hometown is very beautiful! My home has the wide roads, big walls, green fields, hard-working people. Because my hometown is very beautiful, I'm happy! I'm happy!"
When these are in the depths of the mountains dressed in shabby clothes and dolls, but in just 10 minutes to write this text, the presence of anti-Hogg felt "very happy." He believes that the basis of this stick, a few years later, Haiyuan language proficiency of students must meet or exceed their peers living in the city.
This origin Xu Haiying school early childhood education is a great comfort. She still remembers a few years ago in Yinchuan a Public Kindergarten internship, where students in small classes have been pointing in the country of the globe. "This is a 3-year-old kids, know so many things?" At that time Xu Haiying Haiyuan mind immediately thought of those 3-year-old native of rural children, grandparents or follow the sun, or dig in the ground soil. "For a long time, eyes closed, that scene came out." She said, adding she is also the motivation issue by leaps and bounds.
After 10 years of educational practice, and now, in Beijing suburban districts and counties, in Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Yuexiu District in Guangzhou, in Korla, Xinjiang, Hebei Fengning in Haiyuan, into the county in Gansu Province by the Hogg ... ... led anti-Beijing Normal University research group for basic education by leaps and bounds, the country has established more than 20 pilot areas, pilot schools have also developed more than 250.
Many Task Force members suggested that the do not call "leapfrog" and renamed "the same starting line" - This is not to say that children born in the same starting point, but hope that, through years of practice in a education degree amendment is not balanced, so that the children developed areas and underdeveloped areas of the child, and rural urban baby doll, the starting line to pull recent, and then closer. |
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