Events: Why people can not afford to die? Amityville Horror copy of real estate development path of the ceme
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That every citizen can enjoy at least the "Amityville Horror" protection, the Government should not shirk responsibility. However, the absence of government infighting has caused grave Amityville Horror
An "up" among a class of normal were rare commodities in the public view, gains a meteoric rise, particularly striking - it is the cemetery.
The Case of Shanghai. In 2008 when the cemetery is priced at $ 30,000, has now risen to
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8 million, more than two years the price soared 167%; in Beijing, the general cemetery price of 2 million yuan, 10,000 yuan in his early grave has been basically sold out, also the lowest price 9800 yuan, the lowest price last year only 67 thousand dollars.
Second-tier cities, prices are staggering. Changchun common cemetery, the average price of more than $ 20,000, the equivalent of Changchun, the end of 2010 three times the average price of commercial housing.
Aroused public is hot, so the higher price under the cemetery, with only a 20-year period. Before and after the festival this year, started the cemetery more than 20-year period for continued close management of the cemetery charges. Eventually, the Ministry of Civil Affairs officials came forward to explain that the cemetery with the nature and duration of its life on land, usually 50 or 70 years, the so-called "20 years" does not mean life of the cemetery, but to protect the tomb of charges to 20 years a payment cycle.
However, regardless of the final period of use is the cemetery for many years, public higher price under the grave 20 years later, must then pay a certain percentage of the cost, it is an indisputable fact. "Death can not afford to" become a people's self-ridicule during the Ching Ming Festival, many of them for lax oversight of government departments, business monopoly accusations.
In China, the "buried, the tomb is precious", but people who know the most traditional of the funeral. In many people, the buried part of basic needs, so that every citizen can enjoy at least the "Amityville Horror" protection, the Government should not shirk responsibility. However, the reality is that public welfare and management of the cemetery cemetery location is unknown, the absence of supervision; accompanied with this, is the "small property tomb" flood, acts of rampant speculation and soaring prices of real burial.
20-year renewals are not permanent permanent cemetery
From ancient times, Chinese people's burial destination. Until the 1950s, launched by Prime Minister Zhou Enlai and other leaders of the initiative of cremation, funeral reform, China opened the curtain. So far, about the national average cremation rate Daowu Cheng.
Cremated ashes to be placed? Except for a small hall and other facilities in the ashes of long-term preservation, most families chose the cemetery for burial. In order to solve the scattered burial buried chaos, abuse of urban land use and other issues, from the 1980s began, the gradual development of the Chinese cemetery.
In 1992, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued "Interim Measures for the cemetery," clearly operating cemetery grave one-time charge management fees of no longer than 20 years. 1998 "to further strengthen the management of the cemetery" (hereinafter referred to as 1998, "Opinion"), once again, the useful life of the tomb area and make a clear requirement for cemeteries and depositing cremains principle of life to 20 years a cycle.
Occupational Skill Testing Authority of Civil Affairs, Professor Yang told the money the root to the new "New Century" correspondent, the reason for _set_ting 20 years, taking into account the 20-year generation. According to his understanding of the situation, if it is buried in family groups, usually two or three generations of the memorial to the main. And the current, not the main tomb, no main ash has occurred. Such as the funeral home in Nanjing, about one-third of the total storage of ashes, no one to pay management fees for five years no one worship.
New wealth "New Century" Reporters learned from the Beijing cemetery more than 20 years after the expiration of the original purchase of the cemetery in accordance with generally 5% of the total price to pay management fees to 10%. For non-renewals of the graves, the cemetery has different a different approach. Some of its centralized management, go to the ashes of the shelves, while others may be a spread over.
This approach, so that many people find it difficult to accept. In most people, the final resting place after death, should be the permanent cemetery, 20-year cycle of people, "refuses to secure." However, the industry view, the cemetery itself is transitional.
"Cemetery transition theory", is the industry's current mainstream thinking. Ministry of Civil Affairs scholar told a subordinate the new wealth "New Century" correspondent, the first reform the funeral industry, from the body to keep the dead body is not; second reform, it is not retained from the ashes to keep the ashes. 1998 "Opinion" has already made it clear that "cremation cemetery area is dealing with the ashes of the transitional form at this stage, not the direction of the reform of China's funeral."
According to these scholars introduced the ashes of the deal, there are burial, placement and storage in three ways. In addition to the cemetery burial, ashes can be wall, to place the ashes Gallery, you can also register at the funeral parlor. Cemetery is not the only means of handling the ashes. Thus, in the public policy position, the burial nor the basic needs, but the _select_ive consumer.
In the "transition" theory under the guidance of the cemetery was not included in the basic areas of security, its price determined by the market. The supply side, the government stopped granting, limited batch of new cemetery, and intends to regulate the cemetery by the amount of the market; the demand side, the direction of government policy should focus on building storage facilities and a new nonprofit cemetery ashes morphology, and through subsidies form and guide the treatment of public ecological ashes.
However, the tombs are not effectively promote change in the situation. In this context, to ordinary people, the burial is still preferred. The Case of Shanghai, 80% is still a "buried" the burial, 19% is characteristic of the wall and land burial, burial and other indoor, sea burial of only 1.5%.
Tightening of supply and demand can not divert, cemetery prices skyrocketed. The past two years, taking advantage of labor costs, rising costs of the potential quantity, or even more alarming. Limited supply, repeated over the years to become a "fried tomb" background. Many elderly people bought early before his death, "living tomb", is more optimistic about the market expectations of speculators, hoarding, pyramid schemes, the phenomenon of frequent speculation, fraud, and other cemetery closure caused mass incidents have occurred.
Affordable small grave and grave ownership
In this context, apart from appealing to the government to crack down on speculative behavior, and establish "affordable grave" for the protection of low-income groups are increasingly strong calls for the cemetery.
Today, the market in the cemetery, is not only determined by the market price of the cemetery. And "mansion" in the housing, similar to the distinction between the security room, "Amityville Horror" is also operating in the cemetery, public cemetery of the points. However, according to existing regulations, but their positioning in urban and rural areas for the sector.
In particular, the so-called public welfare cemetery, for rural villagers buried the remains or ashes of the cemetery service. Its predecessor, is common in rural areas, "Luanfen Gang." To save space, the government initiated the construction of their own welfare village cemetery, the village buried dead people focused, not charged, life is not clear, but the foreign business is strictly prohibited.
The city's residents can only be buried in the operating cemetery. Implementation of paid services operating cemetery, belonging to the tertiary industry. According to the 2009 cemetery clean up and rectify the data, there are now operating cemetery 1403, covers an area from a few acres to several acres of range, the main business covers the state-owned, collective, joint venture, joint venture, private and other forms.
It is understood that the source of operating the cemetery land is quite complex. A large portion of the system running the cemetery by the Home, in the 1980s established by the government allocated land; some cemetery is a collective enterprise and Liaison Office, the village collective land investment; and some private cemetery, it is through auction and get in the way, there are specific commercial land, industrial land and other distinguished.
Because the land from different sources, the cost of operating the cemetery has a huge difference. Some scholars have suggested that the "mansion" in the allocation of land to create room on the protection similar to the construction of cemetery land allocation should reflect the public interest. The wealth of new "New Century" Reporters learned from the Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, the nature of the differences between the land and the cemetery will not be reflected in the pricing of foreign service.
Thus, under the existing policy structure, urban residents, and there is no guarantee of burial cemetery. And "mansion" is similar to the development of the market, demand and profit in the two-phase stimulation, the "public interest" in the name of profit of the real "small property tomb" are urban high prevalence.
As a rule, "public welfare cemetery" can only be buried village residents. In fact, many rural public interest in foreign sales of cemetery grave spaces, even in the online hype. Compared with operating the cemetery, the cemetery of such public service at lower prices, some even cheaper than half. In the new financial "New Century" to buy the tomb of the identity of reporters' inquiries, the seller not only emphasizes the cemetery is "freehold" and without regard to purchase of the tomb with the requirements of a death certificate, ID cards alone can be.
The Ministry of Civil Affairs and scholars said that such "small property tomb," flooding, will seriously affect the cemetery market order. Occupational Skill Testing Authority of Civil Affairs, Professor Yang root to further pointed out that "the tomb of a small property" protected by law, and regulatory gaps in the next, to bring the cemetery with many potential business disputes.
Ministry of Civil Affairs cemetery in rural welfare too much Fan rectify the conduct of business, has always been difficult to cure. Yang root analysis, in this regard stems from the huge market demand, the other low-cost operation of the cemetery is public service, greater profit margins. Moreover, the regulatory authorities are not in place, in addition to manpower shortage, and lack of management tools.
As a result, low-cost "small property tomb of" illegal methods embodied in their welfare, while the vast majority of urban residents, operating only from the cemetery on the market to obtain 20-year period of high prices tomb.
Who will protect the dignity of the dead
The urban-rural dual structure, how to provide for the funeral to protect city residents, has been academia, industry to discuss the topic.
It is understood that, since 2006, "funeral regulations," the amendments were subsumed the Government's agenda. However, after repeated comments to the contrary from the State Department in 2011, "and strive to complete the project during the year," back to "the need for active research and demonstration projects." A wealth of new Ministry of Civil Affairs scholar told his subordinates, "New Century" correspondents, "funeral regulations" dystocia main problem lies in how to define the basic needs of the field of funeral and _select_ive demand. Whether the government's public service which should be covered by the project, how the standards, the delay is difficult to reach a consensus.
At present, there is no funeral for urban residents are not subsidies. According to 2011 "Funeral Green Paper" at the end of 2010, the country has 10 provinces (municipalities) 52 cities and 134 counties (districts) to implement the different elements of the funeral farmer-friendly policy. Its specific content, including all residents of the area, including breaks or subsidies for rural residents basic funeral expenses, for urban and rural poor people exempt from the basic funeral expenses, ecology and land for public subsidies for burial purposes.
In addition to the cemetery for the welfare of rural residents, many local governments have begun to build for the urban non-profit cemetery. But these cemeteries is not a traditional burial.
As in 2009, Beijing _set_ up its first municipal public welfare Cemetery - Evergreen Park ashes forest base. It provides, is the "public welfare services, three-dimensional buried the ashes", that the ashes of the wall business. Each single-cell flat fee of 3000 yuan ashes Double column, 20-year service period. For key entitled groups and urban and rural residents enjoy the city's minimum living allowance for the object free of charge, the cost of municipal financial burden; other members of the Urban Double column of each financial subsidies of 1,000 yuan, 2000 yuan from the public personal burden.
The Ministry of Civil Affairs and scholars said the government in the hope that through subsidies and protection, and guide people to adopt more eco-burial ceremony. For example, in Tongling City, Anhui Province, the cemetery buried into the business of eco-burial ground, and give farmers 500 yuan -1000 yuan funeral one-time subsidies or incentives; choose ashes Haisa, and removed from their Haisa costs associated with the ceremony, and one-time bonus of $ 500.
"Funeral of the Green Paper" shows that eco-burial effects and financial subsidies to promote a positive correlation between the intensity. Buried at sea in Shanghai after a substantial increase in subsidy standards, buried at sea in recent years, more and more people's "identity," buried at sea less than the number of deaths from the original 0.2 per cent to the current 1.5%. In Beijing, the ashes Haisa free of charge, in 2010 the number reached 896 copies of the ashes Haisa, three times higher than 2009.
However, the ashes of the wall, tree funerals, funeral flowers, Haisa, etc., accepted by the public from the real time is still more effective measures need to be initiated. Young roots that lead people to divert the demand for burial, while the existing cemetery is still to strengthen supervision. Cemetery market operated by the benefits or reduce, often cater to induce people's burial needs. Such as the tomb of the current popular art, look to the root in Yang, additional outbuildings to raise prices by the practice, the inevitable irregularities of land, its development direction and reform of departure from the funeral. Price of land, the civil affairs department of the long supervision, often letting the tombs of some irregularities on the market.
The Ministry of Civil Affairs and scholars reflect on the current transition phase, policy advocates to communicate with the general public is extremely inadequate. Especially in the funeral area, what kinds of practices are feudal superstition, which approach is traditional culture, filial piety, it is difficult to distinguish. Funeral reform, but the people behind the design of the policy change in the concept of life and death. Thick support funerals, is more worthy of promoting values.
(Editor: Si Han) |
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