Events: Research professor of language education in primary schools is wasted effort, said the traditional t
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He Kekang course lectures
He Kekang school students together with the test
He Kekang pilot schools in Hebei Fengning
Haiyuan children
Haiyuan oldest group of teachers Fanyou Bang and his students
FAO was considered "the most inhospitable" Xihaigu region of Ningxia, Kekang to do, "like to make mountains surrounded by the same Xihaigu incredible."
His plan is to spend two years, so Ningxia Haiyuan complete a rural elementary school students can recognize and read more than 2,500 commonly used Chinese characters, young people can read popular books, such as the abbreviated version of "Three Kingdoms" , 150 words or more experts to write structured, fluent article short, its vocabulary, reading and writing skills to meet or exceed the best urban school level with students, but also to ensure that no additional academic burden.
One day in late October, the fourth anti-Hogg came to Haiyuan. A year ago, he brought to this state-level poor counties this is known as "leapfrog" the education issue.
Car bumps on the Hill, the distant hills barren, head of the reach of all the yellow glare. "This kind of landscape, all over China but also rare, right?" 73-year-old professor at rolling down the window, looked out the window.
In fact, the weak local hardware facilities and teacher education students, is not stronger than many of the natural environment here.
Help these poor dolls
Haiyuan primary educators in the eyes, from afar, Professor Ho was a "big man" He is China's first educational technology doctoral supervisor, oversaw the formulation of China's first "distance education resource construction specifications."
Such a technology in education recognized top experts in the field, but now it is "Please do not move the University and primary schools have not been invited." One of his disciples, according to estimates, "the old man every year more than 1 / 4 hours of work are soaked in elementary school classroom."
Kekang first start of the "leapfrog" the subject, he did not want to issue a clear lead in rural areas.
10 years ago, the first pilot of this topic, almost all the domestic first-class primary school. Not long ago, some American educators to Guangzhou, a pilot school visited, where each primary school students are equipped with laptop computers, all networked teaching classes, "such as teaching and learning environment than the United States can not."
However, the icing on the cake is not the ultimate goal of any anti-grams. Since 2003, he tried to project into the rural schools. In 2004, the subject began in the poor counties in Hebei Fengning comprehensive national promotion.
The end of 2008, when he Haiyuan County Deputy Secretary of Education and Sports in Yinchuan Maxing Wang hear Kekang introduced the subject by leaps and bounds. For them the concept of a time he did not wholly understand, but fascinating subject of the targets.
Lunch time, Ma Xingwang find Kekang, asked him: "Can you put this issue into the Haiyuan?"
Prior to this, the deputy director in charge of teaching took 40 days to research the hundreds of Haiyuan mountain village in the small and complete teaching point. He told Professor Ho own conclusions: "Poor areas, poor people lived, gave birth to the poor child, to accept a poor education."
"Leapfrog subject teachers and students are not picky." Kekang said, "China's most impoverished areas of children can also enjoy high-quality education."
The end of October this year, a County in Ningxia seminar on the subject, again Kekang grassroots educators to express the subject of faith.
"The power of education is that teachers can become an ordinary teacher, able students who had a poor foundation ... ... ... ... soon to become good students and I think ... I think ..." He said anti-g words, the choked several times and eventually failed to finish.
Closing, people are still talking, a very unusual case, why make things ridden old professor, not their own.
A familiar teacher thought for a long while, said: "Because this is his ideal."
How to teach their mother tongue can be like to teach foreign languages?
Kekang not "engage in education" was born. He graduated from Beijing Normal University, was working on character encoding. Evaluation of the industry, he has achieved in this field, even earlier than Wang Yongmin (Wangmawubi input inventor).
When he was studying in California, when, soon after the establishment of new Apple invited him to develop character input. However, he rejected the invitation to return home, instead of using technology to teach students character encoding literacy. In the 30 years of practice, he gradually formed its own "leapfrog" educational philosophy.
In the education sector, a lot of people to "leapfrog" the formulation minor complaints. In view of educators, government officials will be shouting this slogan, but teaching is a long-term accumulation, progressive work, does not allow false and exaggerated. Therefore, those issues by leaps and bounds beyond the new curriculum objectives, is seen as Destructive Enthusiasm.
"In fact, we have greatly underestimated the ability of children to learn their mother tongue." Kekang responded.
In his view, the traditional mother-tongue teaching a large extent by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget's "stage theory of cognitive development of children" effect. According to the skin's theory, 5 to 6-year-old preschool children, their mother tongue base is very weak, lack of adequate vocabulary to support logical thinking. Before the age of 10, children can only have specific things based on the initial logic, it is difficult to write abstract and general articles.
"The traditional language education quality and efficiency of the reason is low, precisely because the negative impact by this theory." Kekang said. This broad and deep impact, into almost all areas of language teaching.
For example, two-year study "crow water," generations are required to start from the words and grammar. If the teacher which made reading and writing from the start, would be considered contrary to the law of children's cognitive development.
"But like foreign language is necessary as starting from the words and grammar to teach it?" Kekang always this doubt.
Back in the late 1980s, some Chinese psychologists investigation has shown that 5 to 6-year-old preschool children's oral vocabulary to master more than 3,500, 4 to 5-year-old preschool children have been able to understand and apply the various Chinese kinds of sentences, including more complex interrogative, and even sarcasm can listen to it. This paper's "pre-school children's mother tongue base is very weak" theory apparent contradictions.
In practice, Kekang found that although children do not read not write, but with a powerful "sound and meaning" basis. Educators had to take a more complex "Three Hundred Tang Poems" been tested, as long as the note on the pinyin tone, the majority of first grade children can read and can understand the basic meaning of the poem. In addition to individual words, such as "Willow" inside the "ten thousand green silk sash hanging", the "sash", which only require helped interpret.
In Piaget's theory of inheritance and criticism on the basis of Kekang has completed two books, "language sense" and "On the development of new theory of children's thinking." In his view, children quickly learn their mother tongue is the fundamental way to the center of language use, rather than grammatical term for the center. For first-year students in their oral language skills and thinking skills are in place to write structured, fluent article, objective conditions, the mother-tongue teaching must change the traditional teaching methods, literacy, teaching reading and writing three together.
To second grade text, "cotton-padded shoes in the sun," for example, class standard stipulates that students should master, "Mom, afternoon, good, put, together, received" six four will be the word, the request read, write, understand will use. The traditional teaching how to teach it? Who had a language lesson on the most experienced, that is, repeatedly spelling in the classroom, home to write a 10 times 20 times.
By leaps and bounds of the concept, do not need heavy homework, as long as the expansion in the classroom reading these words repeated, can be enhanced by reading literacy. Meanwhile, writing in the first class session, you can also ask students to design with this six-word puzzle or sentences, in order to complete the comprehensive cognitive training.
For example, a test class so students sentences: "At noon, my mother and grandmother to go shopping, I returned home from school bags packed waiting for them, waiting waiting, I slowly He Shangyan fell asleep."
For such a result, the research group, said the teacher would praise: "Very well, go home to play."
Traditional language teaching to use the 80% of work places do not have to teach
Despite the leaps and bounds the theoretical foundation and teaching philosophy is not complicated, but the teacher in practice there are still many problems to be solved. With the higher grade, teaching will be adjusted accordingly. So every month, in what the research team, led by members of anti-gram will be dispatched from Beijing to the pilot areas, observation and evaluation by listening tests give teachers more guidance.
In late October, Kekang with his group once again came to Haiyuan. In the county 10 kilometers away from Xi'an Township Central Primary School, teachers are involved in the subject Xu Haiying second-year language classes on the day talk about the "little willow and small jujube" second class.
This is a fairy tale to the effect that: the spring, grow a small willow leaves, very proud, which look down on the small bare jujube. In the fall, end up with many small jujube big red dates. Little Willow look at themselves and what did not end, realized was wrong.
Carefully prepared with the city's public courses are compared, Xu Haiying teacher's class did not look lively interest in the child without transfer of multimedia courseware, no new curriculum reform to promote interactive participation, nor derived from the expansion content. The only difference is that she uses is called a "211" mode of teaching.
A class 40 minutes is divided into three parts. 20 minutes before the teacher's explanation of the text, then let the students open a group written by the "expansion of reading materials," textbook, each text can be found here corresponds to the expansion of 6 to 8 to read the article. On Benpian text, there are songs, "tree" essay "Little Willow" idioms "gulping", there are some similar themes and texts of fairy tales such as "8 Highlighter" "stationery a little story." "The sun and the north wind," and so on. Xu Haiying singled out five of them, requiring students to quickly read, do not know the word, his dictionary.
About 10 minutes later, many teachers that reading the end, then on the blackboard out of two essay questions. The first description of a good friend, pay attention to find each other's strengths, the second is writing this fable, choose one of two questions. This 10-minute writing session is to allow students to try to write, eventually finish is not important.
"A good idea, in fact, often very simple." One has been concerned about the issue of teacher evaluation, "said the small language community, the teachers acknowledged reading and writing is important, but few dare to cut half of the teaching time for low-grade students to read and write independently. "
Xu Haiying teacher for this lesson, Kekang that there is room for improvement. He has been Qiazhao time. Led by teachers teaching with 27 minutes, which led to the expansion of student reading and writing were just six minutes and seven minutes. Kekang that, because many teachers are teaching objectives of the heavy and difficult to grasp yet in place.
There is a link, many teachers ask questions, how good-looking small willow, who read? How ugly small jujube, who look for, read out? This study used questions plus 5 minutes time.
"The traditional drawbacks of language teaching is that the use of 80% of the work place without religion." Kekang said. The two plain questions, the students read the text can be solved, no need to spend too much time. Instead, focus and difficulty in teaching the language reflects the humanistic nature of emotional attitudes and values, such as the how to guide students to realize that to be good at discovering people's strengths, learn from each other.
Haiyuan County Department of nodded in agreement after listening to a teacher. For example, he said: For years, teachers have to teach "the phase and" are questions from the out_set_, Mianchi meeting, Lian how? Students to answer according to the book, "Get the lead is ..." Then the teacher asked Lin how to, how to Qin, asked from the beginning to the end. Seems there is interaction between teachers and students, the result is that students have no interest.
By leaps and bounds if the concept of teacher preparation time must be focused. Such as "the phase and" is characterized by the appearance and actions to reflect the character, then 20 minutes of teaching should guide students to understand through the language movement of character appearance, followed by 10 minutes to read all about character development essay. Part of the last 10 minutes of writing, allowing students to write their own students for the adoption of appearance, language, action to reflect the character.
In Haiyuan day of work, Kekang and group members ran two town center school, listening to four classes, assessment of the 4 classes. Back to the hotel when the county has long been dark, waiting for the waiter to open the door in a short time, over seventy years of service he was reclining at the table, without a word.
"Tired old man cruelly ah." Haiyuan accompanying teachers privately exclaimed.
Retrieve the children's creativity and human nature
Clock back 50 years, when young Kekang Department of Physics at Beijing Normal University e-learning professional, was addicted to writing fiction, and even bent to the Department of Chinese. Later faculties nowhere, stayed on to teach. In 1979 he joined the newly formed Institute of Modern Educational Technology of Beijing Normal University, China's pioneer in the field of educational technology, his life trying to figure out how to put those theories related to education and technology with the practice.
He never gave up the enthusiasm of the mother-tongue teaching. "Chinese language education has three problems." Kekang was concluded. First, too much emphasis on the tools of language subjects to the neglect of their humanity, the second is too much emphasis on standardized tests and stifle creative thinking and the third is too much emphasis on writing skills training to the neglect of student observation, the cultivation of imagination.
He was adhering to the older grade teacher in the Yi language, then "Learning the language is to learn life, along with the language of reading, writing, listening, speaking training, education permeated with cognitive, emotional, educational and character education language is not a simple language symbol system, but led by the Department of the soul of a nation. "
In Kekang view, this is the humanistic disciplines of language, human nature is not aware of this, only one-sided emphasis on the tools of language, the article dismembered with a scalpel, leaving the students to mind the sign can only be cats and dogs . Consequences of doing so is "tied to the thinking of students lived, the living of the students into robots, the student's personality, aura gave destroyed."
From the late 1990s, determined to take anti-Hogg children's creativity and humanity back.
In 2000, he found a one in Shenzhen, the famous experimental school, began to practice their theoretical leaps and bounds. He found that the introduction of expansion in the language classroom and a computer to write after reading, write it every plug-in, non-test the students often only write one or two, and test the students could write an entire paragraph. To the second grade, writing science fiction have a.
In 2002, Kekang again in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, six elementary schools were randomly added to find the subject, this time 211 of the model has taken shape. In the past, people think first-year students do not learn the language and English for the same time, fearing that easy to confuse the Chinese phonetic alphabet and the English. The results Kekang subject test students in English language and two subjects at the same time to achieve leapfrog development. Language capabilities, to the end of second grade, students read and write 2,500 words completed memorizing can be written Thousand Character Classic, and reached 1.2 million per person the amount of reading words.
In 2004, he returned to Shenzhen, Nanshan District, in the most remote of the Mid-slope, to find Pak Mong elementary school principal. The weakness of this school was 96% of the students are children of farmers and migrant workers, 55 schools in the region is always the last first. Participate in the trial after only three years, the school entered the region before the total score of 10.
Subsequently, Hebei Fengning also introduced the subject by leaps and bounds, implementation time has been extended from first grade to junior high school. This is the subject of the first large-scale promotion in rural areas.
Test area in all subjects, parents and teachers are most concerned about always, "leapfrog", the children how to test scores.
Although I do not Kekang utilitarian value of such indicators, but he did not worry about it. In June 2007, in support of Beijing Municipal Education Commission, the group has taken seven classes Yanqing, Changping District, 19 classes for the trial class, and _select_ two nationally renowned primary school classes as part of the control group, carried out comparison test. Relevant data, explore issues and test base class and reading some of the average slightly lower than the control group, while the composition of the average is higher.
From a similar survey in Guangzhou, the test base class words, reading, writing average, were higher, beyond the final score 12.22 points.
The best schools from coast to ordinary schools, to weak schools, rural schools, along this trajectory, the ultimate anti-Hogg sights on western China's poorest regions.
In fact, as early leaps and bounds in 2006, has been the subject of acceptance by the Ministry of Education, is considered to be "a good scientific research." In theory, he did not need to re-use the new tests proved the scientific nature of the subject by leaps and bounds.
"I'm thinking about is, how to make the children of China's poorest regions, is also able to enjoy a quality education." Kekang said.
Subject by leaps and bounds, already unconsciously to balance the goal of education transformation.
A lot of reading and writing, like large pieces of meat
The end of 2008, Maxing Wang in conversation with Kekang after the leap to change the subject as an opportunity Haiyuan ecological education.
His good friend, Haiyuan County Board of Education main Renzhong Lin Guan Xiang, the education of Haiyuan closer view of the technical level. Who has 20 years experience in language teaching, teachers, local sixth grade students had done research on reading. He found that teachers themselves do not read a graduated up to see "family" magazine, and students, 91% not reading. Asked what the book read, the answer is "language", "mathematics", "moral character", "natural", anyway, are textbooks. Is less than 10% of reading materials, and most of the "essay election."
Language to teach for 20 years, Zhong Lin regret is that reading and writing has not worked out a _set_ of good teaching methods. There is a consensus primary language community, to teach the language of the summary into the secret word is "read" and "write", if summed into four words is "more than reading and writing." Zhong Lin heard, Shandong has a teacher that "mass reading approach", so to discuss with Maxing Wang, Shandong want to learn with a teacher.
"Do not worry, Beijing Normal University has a task to leap to Haiyuan, or you listen first." Maxing Wang told him.
When you see the subject's reading and writing goals, Zhong Lin laughed, he said, "This is what I want." Group of experts used to the mass of the reading and writing described as "large input and large output", and the Northwest Forest bell man more willing to read: "It's like you eat meat every morning, noon, also eat meat, eat at night meat, poor health is impossible. "
August 2009, Haiyuan first seven rural schools to join issue by leaps and bounds. Distribution is in accordance with what was in the north-south orientation, Maxing Wang's idea is that after three years subject to the county to expand the village teaching point.
Despite the difficult conditions early on Haiyuan have heard, after a group of experts, field trips or some surprise: seven schools participate in the trial with only two rural distance education environment, the other five is still the "blackboard chalk"; 14 participating teachers had never participated in any education topics, post seven special education teachers do not even have experience from; participating students, mostly from rural areas, parents are mostly illiterate, and many students pre-school education is almost empty, the amount of literacy zero.
The first lesson is on the field off the rainbow bridge Central Primary School teacher. Ordinarily a colorful textbook for students most interested in the results because the post from a special teacher to teach according to the near reading lesson plans, front Shuidao a piece. Wake a teacher lectures, the children looked a rip in the ignorant, went back to sleep. Board of Education sitting behind the main Renzhong Lin, sweat streaming down along the spine.
The second class, to another town, a male teacher is too tight, and fell down from the podium.
Xian Xu Haiying primary school teacher because of too much pressure, nights sleep, his mouth full of bubble class.
Primary Houjian Xia Li, an experienced teacher but added language teacher, the beginning is also very interested in the subject, was given to group expectations. She later found that 20 minutes speech about them that knowledge is always points. One day, she sent e-mail to the group, the first sentence is "I can not go on, and there is no ready-made lesson plans, I do not really design it."
Group of experts received the message, was surprised, "even the best teachers are collapsed?"
No love, no education
The first few months, as the head of Maxing Wang Haiyuan group did not mind the end. In Kekang and group of experts under the guidance of teachers and students but does not seem to grow big.
"This year, if not results, we really take people's children to do the test." Maxing Wang in the heart to ask ourselves, "ye children could get people to do test it?"
Seeing a lot of teachers are to play in backing out, he has to constantly cheer for the teachers. Also many skeptics. Ling, vice president of Ningxia University, Education and her graduate student who is Haiyuan Task Force members, she found, sometimes Kekang can not personally Haiyuan, by the task force in the doctoral and master their representatives, some people have questioned, no teaching experience, these "baby expert" teachers can guide line.
But eventually eliminate these differences is a certain spiritual power. Professor at the grassroots level where educators from Haiyuan Education, teaching and research leaders to Beijing's "baby expert", between this force is always with each other infection.
Zhong Lin noticed a detail. Once the bell rang, and Beijing Normal University's Dr. Wu Juan came prepared for her wooden chair before the chair in gray, Dr. Wu only then around to the other side of the dust blown off. Zhong Lin realized that if just take advantage of a blown, the kids will be blown to the front, blowing up the corridor on the perimeter.
"There is no love, no education." Zhong Lin said, "This love of children is common."
Love and patience to wait for the final with the return. Five months after the implementation issues, the news came, the tree _set_s a primary center of first-year students the morning train puzzle, "becoming" is the waterwheel stiffened, then off the bridge center of a first grade elementary school students, "said Cotton." is a white towel hanging from a tree.
In the "four sun" part of writing this text, a first grade child wrote: "I want to have a black sun, black hair, tan solar energy to Grandma's." Another child wrote: "Draw a love the sun, give Yushu children. "
In this poor mountain Haiyuan, many teachers teach for a lifetime book, nor seen as such a wealth of imaginative and emotional first-year students.
These changes prompted the teachers to put more enthusiasm in the subject. After embarrassing first lesson, the teacher moved into the Rainbow field school, has written a four teaching reflection. One day at 11 pm, Zhong Lin is the office on my blog, heard a voice corridor, a little scared. Listen closely, "Oh, rainbow reading the text field."
56-year-old Fan Youbang is the oldest group of teachers. The beginning of the old teachers do not know even how to open the computer, then to multimedia teaching, he bought a computer, has vowed to give his teaching career draw a big exclamation point.
Hou Jianxia finally able to control the leaps and bounds in the classroom, been known as the "heroes teachers."
Haiyuan test ban and non-test results show the control classes: six months, the difference was not significant; subjects one year after the test language classes average 10 points higher, and closer to the level of the student's native county.
In a summary of the meeting, Ma Xingwang some emotion, said: "In our most difficult times, who taught us? Our children educated us who inspire us? Our children inspired us."
Across to the same starting line
In June, nearly a year of implementation of the project in Xi'an Haiyuan held a primary spot. The participants, after listening to two language classes, just transferred to the mouth near Haiyuan County Education Board of Education and Secretary Baixu speak on behalf of the organizers.
In fact, this is the first contact the Secretary on the subject. He did not read Bieren in advance to be a good speeches, just want to "talk about the truth": "We are used to seeing all the community now" show. "When I first saw the conference guide students on the works, suspect that these and The real work is not a student, parents may be written out. "
It then remember, had to observe the scene in the classroom teaching, Baiju Chang always observed in the eyes of the students with the question of the writing process. He added: "When I saw the students while thinking while writing, writing for a while like for a while, stop with the eraser the wrong Shihai rewrite, I just believe that these works are true, is that students in the classroom in a real production. first grade child will be able to write such a good essay, which really surprised me. "
Day, Xu Haiying teacher out of the essay question is "my joy and happiness." 10 minutes, the students handed in her responses:
"My father and mother will not argue, they care about me, they obey my grandparents, my grandparents very distressed and my joy and happiness that I brought home!"
"There is rain, and we can not go home in the classroom, teachers umbrella, and said you can send us to the door, I feel very happy."
"My home is beautiful! My hometown there is the wide roads, big walls, green fields, hard-working people, because my home is beautiful, I'm happy! I am happy!"
When these are in the depths of the mountains dressed in shabby clothes doll, but in just 10 minutes to write this text, the presence of Kekang feel "very happy." In his view, do the same stick, a few years later, Haiyuan language proficiency of students must meet or exceed their peers living in the city.
This study of Xu Haiying early childhood education background is a great comfort. She still remembers a few years ago in Yinchuan, a practice-run kindergartens, where small classes of students have been pointing in the country on the globe. "This is a 3-year-olds do, know so many things?" At that time Xu Haiying Haiyuan mind immediately thought of those 3-year-old home in rural children, or grandparents along with the sun, dig in the ground or soil. "Long period of time, eyes closed, that Qingjing came out." She said, adding she is also the subject of motivation by leaps and bounds.
After 10 years of educational practice, and now, in Beijing's suburban districts and counties, in Shenzhen Nanshan District, Yuexiu District in Guangzhou, in Korla, Xinjiang, Hebei Fengning in Haiyuan, into the County in Gansu Province by the Hogg ... ... Beijing Normal University led the anti-leapfrog group of basic education, has established a nationwide more than 20 test areas, the school has developed to test more than 250.
Many task force members suggested that do not call "leapfrog" and renamed "the same starting line," This is not to say that children born at the same starting point, but hope, through years of practice in a way correction of education is not balanced, so that the children developed areas and underdeveloped areas of the child, urban and rural baby baby, starting to pull recent, and then closer.
Author: Jiang Xin Jie
(Editor: Yang) |
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