Events: Old photos: --- Katyn massacre Stalin made stunning (Photo)
|  老照片:卡廷惨案---斯大林制造的惊世大屠杀(组图)
Old photos: --- Katyn massacre Stalin made stunning (Photo) Netease
Katyn Forest massacre - the Soviet Communist Party made stunning massacre
November 26, 2010, the Russian parliament passed a resolution formally recognized Stalin's Katyn Forest massacre manufacturing
For the first time publicly admitted to the world to Poland on Stalin's heinous crimes committed against the people
Minister of the Interior in the former Soviet Union Beria to Stalin's March 5, 1940 file memorandum, the proposed Polish officers were killed
Soviet secret police chief Beria
It is speculated that this picture scenes of massacre site
Mass graves
Excavation
In 1993, Russian President Boris Yeltsin visits Powzki Cemetery monument in Warsaw and the memory of the victims
Poland Katyn dead soldiers cemetery
Information Links:
September 1939 January, Nazi Germany invaded Poland, September 17 the Soviet Union sent troops to Poland. Stationed in the eastern part of Poland, the Polish military police and officials captured about 25 million people.
April 13, 1943, Nazi Germany announced by the Soviet Union in the Katyn forest that killed ten thousand Polish soldiers dead. The Soviet Union denied this, blaming the German Jiahuoyuren, and with the requirements to establish the truth of the Polish government in exile in London broke off diplomatic relations.
September 1943, the Soviet recapture of Smolensk region, organized anti-investigation, insisted that the massacre by German invaders.
After World War II, the Nuremberg trials, the Soviet Union asked the court approved the findings of the Soviet Union, but did not get consent. Thus, events in history mystery Katyn, Polish-Soviet relations as "historical gaps."
April 13, 1990 Polish President Jaruzelski visited the Soviet Union, Tass admitted Katyn incident was "serious crimes of Stalinism." However, the Soviet side had not yet disclose the full truth. To October 14, 1992, the Soviet Union had just put a copy of the Katyn incident top secret files transmitted Poland. Thus, the Katyn massacre the truth.
Additional information: Katyn forest event (April 13, 1943)
April 21, Churchill and Roosevelt informed Stalin that he was prepared with the Prime Minister Sikorski, the Polish government in exile, break off, because this fascist regime to listen to slander. Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt urged not to, I hope that he maintain the unity between the allies together against the enemy. Churchill that even if the Polish government be stupid enough to listen to the German charges, but no time to quarrel among the allies, we must defeat Hitler. However, the April 25, the Soviets announced that the government broke off diplomatic relations with Poland.
Early October 1943, the Soviet Red Army liberated Smolensk State. The Soviet government _set_ up a "German fascist invaders in the Katyn forest captured Polish officers shot and investigate the incident confirmed that the Special Committee", for Germany, April 13, 1943 statement, organized a "counter-investigation", invited dozens of Western journalists people, led by the wizard's tomb on the Katyn Forest conducted a visit. The objective is to believe that the foreign press, where the Poles exhumed body of a German shot dead in the autumn of 1941, after the burial, and not as German as the previous complaint, the Russian dry in the spring of 1940 thing. By pointing reporters saw seven large tomb, and then saw many Soviet doctors ongoing autopsy, the doctor left a block of brain, liver, and other dirty dishes on the menu on display, and declare that the body tissues is very fresh, which means is that these are for the Germans two years ago, not three years ago by the Russians. U.S. Ambassador Harriman's daughter in the Soviet Union, the staff of intelligence during the war the reporter Kathleen is a member of the ranks, she wrote: the Russians from Poland to the deceased's pocket and pulled out the file, find a date the summer of 1941 letters, That would be a very good evidence, however, there are many inconsistencies, for example, there are some pockets of the deceased in March 1940 and April of newspapers and letters, including an April 11's " News Daily "(the Soviet government organ - I), this little bit of evidence points exactly in conflict with the Soviet Union. Western journalists not to ask questions of the five witnesses, many of testimony sounds fluent, as if like a carefully rehearsed. Kathleen concluded that, in general, although some loopholes, confusion and contradictory evidence, the Russians or the argument persuasive.
1945-1946 years, when the German war criminals at the Nuremberg Trials, renewed debate. Both because no strong evidence to take the case as unresolved since World War II mystery. World War II, the West more generally works that the Soviet people doing this, the Soviet Union denied. History of the Soviet Union has always been reticent about this book, trying get away.
Poco historian member of the Joint Committee on Poland, Poland's leading experts of World War Two Woke Val said Professor Chomsky, it is understood ,1943-1944 years, to the atrocities carried out by the investigation, a total of over 3 files released : ① the 12-member International Criminal Court and the medical records of the Panel of Experts report; ② German intelligence agencies under its Ministry of Foreign Affairs commissioned in 1943 and published in Berlin in the spring on the Katyn massacre of literature; ③ 1944 年 1 24, in the Moscow announced on the Polish officers captured by the German fascist criminals shot the Expert Committee's statement. In addition, after 1945, published in a foreign country some testimony on this issue and the memory fragments and so on. Woke Professor Walter Kaczynski, all of which lack the Polish side, comprehensive document. He said that after repeated search, and finally the British Foreign Office in London in the archives of the museum found a very valuable document. It was June 1943 the Polish Red Cross, Red Cross Secretary-General 卡斯卡尔仁斯-based headquarters of the meeting in Poland, the "secret report." June 1945, this document is only a print, commissioned by the British Embassy 卡斯卡尔仁斯 based embassy charge d'affaires Lihankaiyi sand save. After twists and turns in this file is stored in the spring of 1946, the Foreign Ministry archives in London. February 18, 1989, Poland "resurrection" report to "Report from the Katyn - Poland Secret Red Cross Report" in the title document for the first time will be made public.
"Polish Red Cross, the secret report" that the April 14, 1943, the Polish Red Cross of the German occupation authorities request, sent a four technical members, a headquarters representative. Secretary-General of the Polish Red Cross station Errensiji Fidel finding mission composed of five people, the German-occupied areas to the Soviet Union, Polish officers investigating graves of Smolensk.
April 15, the mission reached Smolensk. That night, the German authorities provided a status report on the massacre, after the technical committee of local residents a few weeks with the investigation, confirmed the report in the following circumstances are true: "The local railway workers, farmers said that from early March 1940 to 4 months late, 2-3 units a day filled with Polish officers arrested secretly transported to Genest at train stations to Dov, they wire a car destined for the area around ... .... " One of them also confirmed that: "Every day a lot of shouting and gunshots can be heard." April 16 at 9 am, the Mission to the Daka Ting, where only a few meters away from the road. Kuang in the forest floor between the graves, forensic examination had stood by the bodies of Polish officers.斯卡尔仁斯基 said he carefully reviewed all of the bodies, and their wounds without exception, is playing revolver bullets, bullet in the back of the head from the forehead out. Obviously, the nature of the wound is the same, shooting is the same - a direction, all are with a pistol shooting. All officers are killed standing up close, some body was tied tightly back hand, this may be that they conducted self-defense and resistance. They dressed in Polish uniforms and wearing medals, decorations, university logo, pants and shoes, these things are still intact. In particular, he carefully read the bodies of two generals, they were proved to be Morales Stravinsky Both Happy Petrovic generals and generals, the generals from their section of the sign _insert_s can be seen. Diary from a lot of dead people found in one of the victims of the Holocaust were killed before Saul Chomsky a major record, records in the bodies of Saul Major Gaussian next to the record time in 1940 June ("June" in contradiction with the argument around - I) 9, the records say: "That 3:30, a detachment from the Polish officers by Soviet prisoners of Belarus, a military barracks Keizer Intrinsic to the Smolensk, a few minutes before 5:00, we were a wake-up and was forced into a van and we went to a small woods, it seems there are some villas. There, in addition to belts and pencil sharpeners, they take away our rings and watches, then watch the pointer to 6:30, they will be how do we? ... .... "a matter of minutes after the shot Major Sol Chomsky. Starting from the massacre at the road on both sides of the growth of the planted pines can be seen, the massacre in the spring of 1940, botanists have made the same judgments. On the number of dead bodies, 斯卡尔仁斯基 that should be more than 4,000 people.
April 17, he returned to Warsaw, Technical Committee to continue to stay there.
April 18 morning, he reported orally to the Red Cross headquarters in the Katyn trip. Report highlights include: Katyn near Smolensk, a large number of Polish officers had been excavated tomb; injuries from these bodies can be seen at the same site, which is a large-scale mass executions; from the paper can be found beside the body concluded that killing time is between March-April 1940, so far, only a small part of determining the names of the victims (around 150). Polish Red Cross in the Katyn Forest Technical Committee since April 15, 1943 to work until June 7, 4243 Forensic bodies were examined, of which 23l bodies were buried in the 6 months, respectively, large graves, two generals were buried separately. Each cemetery that is 60 × 36 area of 2160 square meters.
At 5:40 on September 17, 1939, the Soviet attack on Poland's eastern territory of the Western Belarus and Western Ukraine. 18 Polish commander 雷兹西米格 Wei Marshal issued an order to the Poles that the Soviet Union was not belligerent, not resistance. More than 10 hours after the Soviet-Polish military talks, the Soviets agreed to, such as wave forces lay down their arms, military officers and soldiers can guarantee the personal freedom of waves. At that time, a total of about 30 million people in eastern Poland, the vast majority of Polish forces carried out the orders, some of the automatic dissolution of the home, some people went to Lithuania and Romania. There are 130,242 officers and men went into exile in the Soviet Union, this group as soon after the Soviet Union to become a prisoner of war, lost the Soviet-Polish agreement of personal freedom, unity to the Beria, signed Order No. 0308 established the Ministry of the Interior Bureau of prisoners of war . September 19 was _set_ up in the Council to rule 138 under the transfer station and 8 distribution of concentration camps, each camp about concentration million Polish soldiers. September 21, the Soviet Union a high-ranking officers wrote to Stalin, Molotov, Voroshilov, total area proposed to Bolan Su severance ordinary soldiers born in the State, the highest leadership of the Soviet Union agreed to this proposal. Early October, Interior Minister Beria signed an order, severance 4,400 troops. At the same time, in the October 3, Beria ordered the military police will wave in the military, the senior officers, junior officers and soldiers, born in Poland and Germany accounting for area business people focused on Category Management. In mid-October, the German made, Desu Parties shall exchange their birthplace in the hands of Polish officers and soldiers, the Soviet government agreement. October 24 to November 23 to the transfer of 42,492 German officers and men of Polish forces, while the German side in 1939 before the end of the transfer of 13,757 people to the Soviets, Germany, after the transfer of personnel screened, most were laid off home. To December 1, 1939, in Keizer concentration camp (near the forest of Katyn) imprisoned Polish officers in 4727 who, Staro Seoul and other concentration camp prisoners Oslo Denktash Cove 5963 and 3964 Polish officers and police officers, three at the sum, nearly 15,000 people. Keizer camp which is the most important, held generals 4, Colonel 24, 79 Lieutenant Colonel, Major 654, more than 3,000 junior officers and civilian staff. At this point, the Polish officers in the more common concern is fear of the Soviet side turn them over Nazi Germany, of which the Jews for the most. The one hand, the Soviet government informed the Polish government in exile in London, claimed that the dissolution of the Soviet Union prepared to camp, according to Polish officers voluntary severance to them, while voluntary movement of the Polish officers distributed form; the other hand, stepped up the transfer to the German detainees. November 14, 1939 Mixed Commission _set_ up Desu, after consultation, completed the exchange of detainees task.
As can be seen from the Soviet archives, the total planned second step is to eliminate (or called up) Those who oppose the Soviet-German partition of Poland's "backbone" force (mostly dead in the tragedy officers, lawyers. Teachers to teach, etc., This is Poland, Central Europe is indeed a small group of elites.) Bureau of cleaning up the list of approved directed by the prisoners of war, the Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs submitted the list of the last execution. From March 1, 1940 start, held key personnel receive prisoner of war camp every day Board issued should be transferred to the Polish prisoners of war, the Ministry of Interior of Ukraine list, each list includes 98-100 people. Sometimes, to a concentration camp issued a list of 300 people to the transfer, all included in the list caught cleaning up, "disappeared", only 3 cases were pardoned, pardoned those who are still alive, their memoirs and found pardon entirely match. Since this is not a clean-up of a few people out, so the file is not on their destruction. From April 1940 to May, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Polish Army officers and soldiers firing squad shot a total of 15,131 people. Among them, more than 4,400 Keizer camp, Camp Cove Austin Denktash 6200 people, not Seoul camp Staro about 4000. Upon execution, the registration of missing persons files and personal letters and other items required in the Council on behalf of prisoners of war under the direct supervision be destroyed. To June 1940, Deputy Minister of Interior report to their superiors that they can accept the three concentration camps, detention officers 5000-8000 a new name.
April 1990, Polish President Jaruzelski visited the Soviet Union during World War II, the Soviet Union informed him of the early direction of Polish officers in the death camps in the Soviet Union, and to transfer the relevant file information (a total of three dead pit, in addition to card Tingsen Lin, and Kalinin, Charles Grove both). This _set_tled a dispute over a half century of international legal case. However, the most secret about the incident at the time the files are not public.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev to hand over power to the Russian President Boris Yeltsin, handed over the presidential Secret Archives Vol. October 1992, Russian President Boris Yeltsin sent a special envoy, the National Archives curator Rudolf Pi Huoya to Warsaw, to when President Lech Walesa of Poland submitted a copy of all secret files. At this time, "Katyn" really come to light.
Secret Archives Volume I, there were three documents. Stalin, who first signed March 5, 1940 (Bolshevik) Central Committee decision.
The second is March 5, 1940 Beria to Stalin. Beria's report details from September 17, 1939 after the Soviet Union sent troops to Poland, was held in three large Soviet prison camp and other camps and prisons in the Polish officers and other officers captured the number, rank, professional and political attitudes. Soviet report that they are "mortal enemy", it is proposed by "special procedures" trial, sentenced to death - executed. Accordingly, the Union (Bolsheviks) by the Political Bureau of the date of the decision to authorize the House Committee on the report of the people listed 25,700 people executed.
The third document is a March 3, 1959 Xie LP KGB leader Nikita Khrushchev to the Soviet Communist Party General Secretary's report. Verification report had been shot in the Katyn massacre total number of 21,857 people. The report stresses Archives remain the personnel files of these people and the Soviet Union, "Polish friend" is no longer necessary and value, and that "once the leak is bound to endanger the State", it is proposed destroyed. This document indisputably shows that the Soviet leader insisted that it would be wrong to continue to distort and hide the truth.
November 26, 2010, the Russian State Duma was an unusual, on the theme for the Katyn incident to a historic conclusion. In a statement issued after the meeting, Edu Ma said, "In the past the classified documents, and publications are now not only the reproduction of this tragedy, but also reveals Stalin and other Soviet leaders, when he was directly ordered the Katyn Forest created tragedy. ". |
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