Events: China's rapidly growing metro miles underground you need so much? (Figure)
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China's rapidly growing metro miles underground you need so much? (Figure) discoverer
Introduction: In 2010, China has nearly 30 cities and regions are to proceed with construction of rail transportation, planning, involving a number of line items up to 110, China entered a sharp rise in subway construction period of development. As an example of the Berlin subway only 9 subway lines, but with good planning and efficient flow of people to share ground transportation stress transfer; Tokyo 2 over one thousand kilometers of rail transit in the metro is only 300 kilometers. The Chinese city is depending on mileage is king, that the subway station is to solve urban traffic medicine. As a rule blocking method, the effect is not reflected in the subway mileage but the planning.
★ Metro is not a panacea for urban transport problems
Chinese cities unprecedented enthusiasm for the metro, the subway mileage brought rapid growth. The end of 2010, the subway in Beijing and Shanghai have more than 300 km mileage from the mileage from the point of view does not seem inferior to some developed countries, but the lack of planning does not necessarily bring high-speed construction of convenient transportation. Many cities in China, the reality is that the subway is very expensive as regular bus lines, blind to the low-traffic suburban extension.
Beijing Subway limiting the norm, is still limited to the crowded subway shed.
Dense webs of Tokyo Metro Map
Many cities will be underground when the ordinary bus line, the core area of low density suburban development is to
It was rush hour, subway limit has become the norm in Beijing. "Pursuit of the city built a number of kilometers of subway, not much significance," Chinese Academy of Engineering, China Railway Tunnel Group Co., Ltd., deputy chief engineer Wang Meng-shu that "is more important in urban areas with heavy traffic strengthen the subway density, such as Beijing four ring within, especially in the ring within, must be encrypted. "
Tokyo, Japan more than 2000 kilometers long rail line, Metro is only 300 kilometers
China to develop a different idea of underground rail transit was developed. Japan, for example we can see that Tokyo has more than 300 kilometers of subway lines, while the city's rail transit lines is more than 2,000 kilometers. In the urban rail network, urban railway lines accounted for 82% of the length of the entire network, only 14% of Metro. In Tokyo, the subway service in the main range of 15 kilometers from the city center, the city railway line, the service range of 50 km in the city, the city railway line directly into the city center, can also be connected with the subway, making the central liaison between the city and suburbs very convenient. Rational planning to improve the efficiency of urban rail transit, the data show, the Tokyo daily travel by rail transportation trips accounted for 86% of the total number in the morning peak hours is as high as 91%. Multi-level and diverse combination of land under the public transportation system, Metro is only a solution to urban transport, rather than taking on everything panacea. In this regard, the National Development and Reform Commission said Wang Qingyun Secretary of basic industries, and the means of transportation compared to other cities, if the same passenger capacity and capability, the choice of the MTR is the relative luxury. The development of the MTR to be careful, the first building on the ground should be considered; the ground to die, where more people can be considered elevated, the line go into the city center and then drill into the ground. In some places, may also wish to consider using the tram.
★ High-speed construction of a security risk Subway
Since 1863, the first subway in London, was opened to traffic, subway construction after 100 years of technological development has become very mature. Foreign subway construction personnel casualties rarely occur, but the subway is still in construction accidents in China, the state frequently.
Hangzhou Metro Line 1, Xiaoshan Xianghu Lake section of the construction collapse occurred after the accident, engineers at clearing the backlog of silt in the subway tunnel.
Shunyi, Beijing Subway Line 15 stops at the scene, rescue workers are looking for buried workers.
Subway construction abroad does not exceed 10 km per year, the Chinese drive high engineering accidents
Annual rate of subway construction in foreign cities is often not more than 10 km, 200 km of Moscow metro construction spending nearly 70 years to complete. But the Chinese cities each year to complete the 40 km rail transit or even 60 kilometers or more, many of the city's subway construction on a "rush project" phenomenon. Some projects because of "rush project," more or less relaxed safety management, accident potential problems.
Metro subcontracting a rule, difficult to guarantee quality and safety problems difficult to be investigated
China has the ability to build the subway only a few large state-owned enterprises. Great Leap Forward, the MTR subway-style building construction companies led overwhelmed, which will inevitably result in overstretched related enterprises, link too many layers of security and management and attenuation phenomenon. Subcontracting has become the unspoken rules of subway construction, some major construction works have layers of subcontractors, the final construction team to achieve more by migrant workers, security management, training, etc. can not be guaranteed, which has become a recognized fact that line. To cause heavy casualties in Hangzhou subway accident, for example, China Railway Square subway construction under the two units 27, located in the country, construction quality inevitably uneven.
Even if the subway does not exist in the process of subcontracting the construction of the phenomenon of fear of security risks but also the subway does not go away. "Building a speed so fast, the problem is even greater after the operation. Operations to the security problems, security issues than building more. A car more than 1,000 people in the ground out of the accident, the accident is difficult to imagine." Chinese Academy of Engineering, former chief engineer of China's Shi Zhongheng metro consulting firm said. Metro can not keep up the progress of construction management, unavoidable collision of Shanghai Metro, one of a kind screen door clip accident.
★ Metro taxpayers pay for face-saving project
For the declaration of the city subway construction, the State Council required to achieve the following basic conditions: the local general budget revenue of 100 billion yuan, GDP reached 1,000 billion yuan, 300 million urban population over the scale of the planned routes to passenger traffic more than 3 million one-way peak hour. This means that from the start of construction, a cost of up to hundreds of billion of a city subway will run out at least a year in revenue.
Shenyang empty subway cars
National Metro is losing money, billions of dollars per year in some cities
China Hong Kong MTR blindly follow "Subway plus real estate" model
★ Conclusion
A few big cities need to rely on an efficient transport network of metro, even so, it is reasonable related to underground line design, site arrangement of science. Other cities can be built entirely underground of money improving the ground of public transportation, a reasonable adjustment of urban living area and work planning cycle, thereby reducing the time people travel costs. If the plan based on unreasonable, even if the subway has more miles of urban traffic is difficult to be effectively changed. |
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