金融是货币流通和信用活动以及与之相联系的经济活动的总称，广义的金融泛指一切与信用货币的发行、保管、兑换、结算，融通有关的经济活动，甚至包括金银的买卖，狭义的金融专指信用货币的融通。
金融的内容可概括为货币的发行与回笼，存款的吸收与付出，贷款的发放与回收，金银、外汇的买卖，有价证券的发行与转让，保险、信托、国内、国际的货币结算等。从事金融活动的机构主要有银行、信托投资公司、保险公司、证券公司、投资基金，还有信用合作社、财务公司、金融资产管理公司、邮政储蓄机构、金融租赁公司以及证券、金银、外汇交易所等。
金融是信用货币出现以后形成的一个经济范畴，它和信用是两个不同的概念：（1）金融不包括实物借贷而专指货币资金的融通（狭义金融），人们除了通过借贷货币融通资金之外，还以发行股票的方式来融通资金。（2）信用指一切货币的借贷，金融（狭义）专指信用货币的融通。人们之所以要在“信用”之外创造一个新的概念来专指信用货币的融通，是为了概括一种新的经济现象；信用与货币流通这两个经济过程已紧密地结合在一起。最能表明金融特征的是可以创造和消减货币的银行信用，银行信用被认为是金融的核心。
【金融学】
金融是从经济学分化出来的、研究资金融通的学科。传统的金融学研究领域大致有两个方向：宏观层面的金融市场运行理论和微观层面的公司投资理论。
【金融学与经济学的关系】
金融学发端于经济学，但如今已经从中独立出来，有了自己的研究方法，成为独立的学科．现代金融学也象经济学一样，从微观主体的理性行为入手（行为金融学考虑了非理性行为），构建考虑时间和不确定因素的市场均衡体系，考察金融系统在资源跨期配置中的机制和作用．但是金融学有区别于经济学的研究方法，比如说金融资产定价中常用的无套利分析，实际上比经济学中的供求定价分析更具有一般性，在市场中更容易实现．金融学区别与经济学的另一个的特点是前者考虑了市场中的随机因素，因此市场主体的预期在其中起了重要作用． 经济概念比金融广得多
金融是经济的一小个分支，只是有自己的侧重点
经济学是一个一级学科,金融学是一个二级学科,在经济学之下,经济学研究的是一个国家地区的经济发展状况、方式、道路等。是比较宏观的了，它对经济的各个方面包括工业、农业等。金融只是对一个国家经济领域中的金融方面进行研究，比如货币、证券、金融市场等。
【金融的特征】
1. 金融是信用交易。
（1）信用
经济学上的信用，是一种商品交易的形式，对应于现货交易（即时清结的交易）。
信用是金融的基础，金融最能体现信用的原则与特性。在发达的商品经济中，信用已与货币流通融为一体。
（2）信用交易的应有特点
a. 一方以对方偿还为条件，向对方先行移转商品（包括货币）的所有权，或者部分权能；
b. 一方对商品所有权或其权能的先行移转与另一方的相对偿还之间，存在一定的时间差；
c. 先行交付的一方需要承担一定的信用风险，信用交易的发生是基于给予对方信任。
2. 金融原则上必须以货币为对象。
3. 金融交易可以发生在各种经济成分之间。
其主要研究分支包括：
金融市场学（Financial market）
公司金融学（Corporate Finance）
金融工程学（Financial Engineering）
金融经济学（Financial Economics）
投资学（Investment Investment）
货币银行学（Money, Banking and Economics）
国际金融学（International Finance）
财政学（Public Finance）
保险学（Insurance Insurance）
数理金融学（Mathematical Finance）
金融计量经济学（Financial Econometrics）
Finance is the currency in circulation and credit activities and economic activities associated with the general term, refers to all the broader financial and credit currency issue, storage, exchange, _set_tlement, factoring-related economic activities, and even gold and silver trading, narrow financial experts refer to the currency of credit intermediation.
Content can be summarized as financial currency issuance and heading back to the absorption and to pay deposit, loan payment and recovery of gold and silver, foreign exchange trading, securities issuance and transfer, insurance, trusts, domestic and international monetary _set_tlement . Institutions engaged in financial activities are mainly banks, trust investment companies, insurance companies, securities companies, investment funds, as well as credit unions, finance companies, financial as_set_ management companies, postal savings institutions, financial leasing companies and securities, gold and silver, foreign exchange transactions and so on.
】 【Finance
Finance is differentiated from the economics out to study the financial intermediation of the subjects. Traditional finance research generally has two directions: to run the macro level of financial market theory and investment theory of the micro level.
【Relationship between finance and economics】
Finance is the economy of a small branch, but have their own focus
Economics is a level of discipline, finance is a secondary subject, in economics under the economics of a country's economic development areas, ways and roads. Is more macro, and its various aspects of the economy including industry, agriculture. Finance only one country in the economic field study of financial aspects, such as money, securities and financial markets.
【Characteristics】 financial
1. Finance is the credit transaction.
(1) credit
Credit in economics, is a form of commodity trading, corresponding to spot trading (immediate liquidation of the transaction).
Credit is the financial foundation of the financial best embodies the principles and characteristics of credit. In the developed commodity economy, credit and currency in circulation has been integrated.
(2) the characteristics of credit transactions should be
a. party to the other party reimbursement for the conditions, to the other first transfer of goods (including money) the ownership, or part of the power;
b. ownership of the goods or the party on the first transfer of power and the other between the relative pay, there is a certain time lag;
c. delivery of first party to bear some credit risk, credit transactions are based on the occurrence of the other party trust.
2. Financial principle must be based on monetary targeting.
3. Financial transactions can occur between the various economic sectors.
The main research branch include:
Financial Market (Financial market)
Corporate Finance (Corporate Finance)
Financial Engineering (Financial Engineering)
Financial Economics (Financial Economics)
Investments (Investment Investment)
Money and Banking (Money, Banking and Economics)
International Finance (International Finance)
Finance (Public Finance)
Insurance (Insurance Insurance)
Mathematical Finance (Mathematical Finance)
Financial econometrics (Financial Econometrics)
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