jiào xué shì jiào shī de jiào hé xué shēng de xué suǒ zǔ chéng de yī zhǒng rén lèi tè yòu de rén cái péi yǎng huó dòng。 tōng guò zhè zhǒng huó dòng， jiào shī yòu mùdì、 yòu jìhuà、 yòu zǔ zhì dì yǐn dǎo xué shēng jī jí zì jué dì xué xí hé jiā sù zhǎng wò wén huà kē xué jī chǔ zhī shí hé jī běn jì néng， cù jìn xué shēng duō fāng miàn sù zhì quán miàn tí gāo， shǐ tā men chéng wéi shè huì suǒ xū yào de rén。
jiǎn dān shuō lái， jiào xué jiù shì jiào shī “ jiào xué shēng xué ”。 zuò wéi xué shēng lái jiǎng， zhī shí shì zhòng yào de， dàn shì bǐ zhī shí gèng zhòng yào de shì huò dé zhī shí de fāng fǎ。
jiào xué shì xué xiào shí xiàn jiào yù mùdì、 wán chéng jiào yù rèn wù de jī běn tú jìng。 rén lèi jīng guò qiān bǎi wàn nián de fǎn fù cháng shì shí jiàn hé lǐ xìng xuǎn zé， cóng qián rén mō suǒ chū lái de duō yàng de jīng yàn chuán shòu tú jìng zhōng shāi xuǎn chū jǐ zhǒng zuì yòu lì yú xué shēng shēn xīn fā zhǎn de tú jìng bǎo liú xià lái， rú xué xiào jiào xué、 kè wài huó dòng， gè zhǒng xíng shì de láo dòng、 xué shēng jí tǐ zǔ zhì de huó dòng、 shè huì gōng yì huó dòng、 jiā tíng huó dòng děng， chéng wéi xiàn dài jiào yù zhōng wéi xué xiào jiào yù huó dòng guǎng fàn yùn yòng de tú jìng， gè zhǒng tú jìng xiāng hù zuò yòng yǐng xiǎng xué shēng fā zhǎn。 zài zhū zhǒng tú jìng zhōng， jiào xué shì xué xiào jiào yù de jī běn tú jìng， xué xiào jiào yù mù de de guàn chè luò shí hé gè zhǒng jiào yù rèn wù de wán chéng zhù yào shì tōng guò jiào xué tú jìng shí xiàn de。 yīn wéi zài gè zhǒng tú jìng zhōng， jiào xué de zhī shí róng liàng zuì dà， jìhuà xìng、 xì tǒng xìng gèng qiáng， huó dòng de xiào guǒ gèng míng xiǎn， yīn 'ér duì xué shēng quán miàn fā zhǎn hé gè xìng tè cháng de fā huī yòu gèng qiáng de zuò yòng。
jiào xué chū xiàn yǐ lái jiàn cì xíng chéng de tè shū zuò yòng shì：
（ 1） jiào xué yǐ yòu mùdì、 yòu jìhuà、 yòu zǔ zhì de huó dòng xíng shì jìn xíng rén lèi jīng yàn de chuán shòu， shǐ jiào xué huó dòng yòu zhe liáng hǎo de zhì xù hé jié zòu， cóng 'ér dà dà tí gāo liǎo jiào xué de xiàolǜ。 gè zhǒng jiào xué guī zhāng zhì dù de xíng chéng gèng guī fàn liǎo shī shēng de jiào xué xíng wéi， shǐ jiào xué huó dòng miǎn chú liǎo suí yì xìng hé língsan xìng， cóng 'ér biàn chéng yī zhǒng zhuān yè xìng hěn qiáng de tè shū huó dòng。
（ 2） jiào xué jiāng chuán shòu de nèi róng， jīng kē xué de xuǎn zé， yǐ jù zhī shí gòu chéng de luó ji shùn xù hé xué shēng huò dé zhī shí de rèn zhī guī lǜ biān chéng jiào cái， zuò wéi xué shēng rèn shí shì jiè de méi tǐ。 zhè bǐ qǐ xué shēng zì jǐ xuǎn zé， zì fā xué xí shè huì shàng sàn zài de jīng yàn， wú lùn qí mù biāo、 nèi róng、 shí jiān、 xiào guǒ dōuyào yōu yuè dé duō。
（ 3） jiào xué yòu shì zài jiào shī de yǐn dǎo hé jīng xīn 'ān pái de guò chéng zhōng jìn xíng de。 tā kě yǐ bì miǎn zì xué shàng de kùn nán hé fǎn fù de cháng shì cuò wù guò chéng。 ér qiě， jiào shī yòu zǒng shì shì tú xuǎn zé zuì yōu de fāng fǎ qù wán chéng jiào yù de rèn wù， zhè jiù bǎo zhèng liǎo xué xí zhě xué xí shàng de měi yī bù dōunéng gòu shùn lì dì jìn xíng。
（ 4） jiào xué suǒ yào shí xiàn de bù jǐn jǐn shì zhī shí de chuán shòu， tā yào wán chéng de rèn wù shǐ zhōng shì quán fāng miàn de， jì yòu zhī shí de huò dé、 zhì lì de fā zhǎn、 néng lì de péi yǎng hé tí gāo， yòu yòu sī xiǎng pǐn dé de wán shàn、 jī běn jì néng de xíng chéng、 gè xìng tè cháng de fā zhǎn děng děng， zhè zhǒng quán miàn fā zhǎn de shí xiàn zhǐ yòu jiào xué cái néng zuò dào。
jiào xué de shàng shù zuò yòng kè guān jué dìng liǎo xué xiào gōng zuò yǐ jiào xué tú jìng wéi zhù shì xué xiào jiào yù kè guān guī lǜ de fǎn yìng。 xué xiào gōng zuò yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù， jí zhǐ jiào xué shì xué xiào de zhù yào de、 zhōng xīn de gōng zuò， zài shí jiān 'ān pái shàng yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù huò jiào xué zhàn yòng de shí jiān zuì duō。 xué xiào gōng zuò bì xū yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù， shǒu xiān shì yīn wéi， yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù shì xué xiào jiào yù gōng zuò de tè diǎn jué dìng de。 yuán shǐ shè huì de jiào yù shì zài shè huì shēng huó hé shēng chǎn láo dòng guò chéng zhōng jìn xíng de， suí zhe xué xiào de chǎn shēng， jiào xué huó dòng zuò wéi xué xiào de dú lì huó dòng， qū bié yú zài shè huì shēng huó hé shēng chǎn láo dòng guò chéng zhōng de jiào yù huó dòng， bìng qiě shì xué xiào jiào yù huó dòng zhōng de zhù yào nèi róng。 yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù， cóng xué xiào chǎn shēng shí qǐ， biàn shì xué xiào jiào yù gōng zuò de tè diǎn liǎo。 jiào xué wéi zhù shì xué xiào tóng gōng、 nóng、 shāng děng bù mén de gēn běn qū bié， méi yòu jiào xué jiù méi yòu xué xiào。 qí cì shì yīn wéi， yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù shì xué shēng yǐ xué xí jiànjiē jīng yàn wéi zhù jué dìng de。 xué xiào de zhù yào zhí néng jiù shì， shǐ xué shēng zǒu jié jìng， jìn kuài zhǎng wò rén lèi yǐ jīng jī lěi qǐ lái de shè huì shēng huó hé shēng chǎn láo dòng de jīng yàn， jí xué xí jiànjiē jīng yàn。 jiào xué zé shì xué shēng jìn kuài zhǎng wò jiànjiē jīng yàn de jié jìng。 xué xiào gōng zuò ruò bù yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù， rú yǐ shēng chǎn láo dòng wéi zhù， xué shēng biàn bù kě néng jìn kuài zhǎng wò rén lèi yǐ jīng jī lěi qǐ lái de shè huì shēng huó hé shēng chǎn láo dòng de jīng yàn。 zài cì shì yīn wéi， yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù shì xué xiào jiào yù gōng zuò de lì shǐ jīng yàn de gài kuò hé zǒng jié。 xīn zhōng guó chéng lì yǐ lái， xué xiào jiào yù zūn xún yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù de guī lǜ， céng jīng jìn xíng sān cì dà de tiáozhěng， cóng 'ér bǎo zhèng liǎo jiào yù zhì liàng， péi yǎng chū liǎo hé gé de rén cái。
dì yī cì shì 1963 nián， bǎ kè wài huó dòng guò duō tiáozhěng dào yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù de guǐ dào shàng lái。 cǐ qián， shè huì shàng gè gè bù mén dōukě yǐ xiàng xué xiào zhǐ pài rèn wù， fēi jiào xué huó dòng guò duō， xué shēng xué xí de zhī shí bù xì tǒng， wèicǐ fā bù《 guān yú zhěng dùn zhōng xiǎo xué jiào xué de zhǐ shì》 tí chū： jiào xué gōng zuò shì xué xiào yā dǎo yī qiē de zhōng xīn rèn wù， jiào shī de zhù yào zé rèn shì zuò hǎo jiào xué gōng zuò， xué shēng de zhù yào rèn wù shì xué hǎo gè mén gōng kè。 zhè yī cì tiáozhěng， bǎo zhèng liǎo jiào yù zhì liàng de tí gāo， 956 nián chū xiàn liǎo dì yī cì jiào yù zhì liàng gāo fēng。
dì 'èr cì shì 1959 nián， bǎ xué xiào jiào yù yǐ shēng chǎn láo dòng wéi zhù tiáozhěng dào yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù de guǐ dào shàng lái。 zhēn duì 1958 nián zài guàn chè jiào yù yǔ shēng chǎn láo dòng xiāng jié hé fāng zhēn guò chéng zhōng， láo dòng guò duō de piān xiàng， guó wù yuàn yú 1959 nián 6 yuè fā bù《 guān yú quán rì zhì xué xiào de jiào xué、 láo dòng hé shēng huó 'ān pái de guī dìng》 guī dìng liǎo jiào xué、 láo dòng hé shēng huó shí jiān de 'ān pái， jiū zhèng liǎo yǐ shēng chǎn láo dòng wéi zhù de piān xiàng。 hòu lái， suī rán chū xiàn guò bǎ jiào xué zuò wéi wéi yī tú jìng， xué shēng fù dān guò zhòng de xiàn xiàng， dàn shì yóu yú bǎ yǐ shēng chǎn láo dòng wéi zhù tiáozhěng dào yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù de guǐ dào shàng lái， 1966 nián chū xiàn liǎo dì 'èr cì jiào yù zhì liàng gāo fēng。
dì sān cì shì 1976 nián， bǎ yǐ zhèng zhì yùn dòng、 yǐ gān dài xué wéi zhù tiáozhěng dào yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù de guǐ dào shàng lái。 zài“ wén huà dà gé mìng” qī jiān， yǐ zhèng zhì yùn dòng、 yǐ gān dài xué wéi zhù dài tì liǎo yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù， 1976 nián fěn suì“ sì rén bāng” zhī hòu， bǎ xué xiào jiào yù tiáozhěng dào yǐ jiào xué wéi zhù de guǐ dào shàng lái， 1977 nián dà xué huī fù tōng guò gāo kǎo zhāo shēng， jìn guǎn cún zài zhe piàn miàn zhuī qiú shēng xué shuài de xiàn xiàng， dàn shì jiào yù zhì liàng kāi shǐ zhú bù tí gāo。
jiào xué zuò wéi xiàn dài xué xiào jiào yù shí xiàn jiào yù mùdì、 wán chéng jiào yù rèn wù de jī běn tú jìng， tā de jī běn xìng tǐ xiàn zài liǎng gè fāng miàn： qí yī shì zhǐ jiào xué yào yǐ wán chéng zhì yù rèn wù wéi běn， zhè shì jiào yù tú jìng zhōng， jiào xué yòu bié yú qí tā tú jìng de zhù yào tè diǎn； qí 'èr， jiào xué yǐ wán chéng zhì yù rèn wù wéi zhōng xīn， bù děng yú jiào xué jǐn jǐn wán chéng zhì yù de rèn wù。 jiào xué zuò wéi jī běn tú jìng， tā shì gè yù gòng yòu de tú jìng， yīn 'ér yě yào wán chéng dé yù、 tǐ yù、 měi yù děng gè yù de rèn wù。 zhè xiē rèn wù bāo kuò： xiàng xué shēng chuán shòu xì tǒng de kē xué zhī shí， xùn liàn xué shēng xíng chéng jī běn jì néng、 jì qiǎo， fā zhǎn xué shēng de zhì lì hé néng lì。
péi yǎng xué shēng jù yòu jiān dìng zhèng què de zhèng zhì fāng xiàng、 biàn zhèng wéi wù zhù yì de shì jiè guān hé gòng chǎn zhù yì de dào dé pǐn zhì。
shǐ xué shēng shēn tǐ zhèng cháng fā yù， jiàn kāng chéngzhǎng。
péi yǎng xué shēng jù yòu zhèng què de shěn měi guān diǎn hé gǎn shòu měi、 jiàn shǎng měi hé chuàng zào měi de zhī shí hé néng lì。
shǐ xué shēng zhǎng wò xiàn dài gōng nóng yè shēng chǎn de jī běn zhī shí， xué huì shǐ yòng jī běn shēng chǎn gōng jù de jì néng。
jiào xué yào gāo zhì liàng gāo xiàolǜ dì wán chéng shàng shù rèn wù， yī gè zhì guān zhòng yào de fāng miàn shì bì xū zūn xún jiào xué guī lǜ， chǔlǐ hǎo jiànjiē jīng yàn hé zhí jiē jīng yàn xiāng jié hé de guān xì， chuán shòu zhī shí hé tí gāo sī xiǎng jué wù de guān xì， chuán shòu zhī shí hé fā zhǎn zhì lì de guān xì， yǐ jí fā huī jiào shī de zhù dǎo zuò yòng yǔ diào dòng xué shēng jī jí xìng、 zì jué xìng de guān xì。
jiào xué yòu shì jiè zhù bù tóng de xíng shì shí xiàn de。 dào mù qián wéi zhǐ， wǒ men zài yùn yòng jiào xué zhè yī tú jìng shí kě gōng wǒ men xuǎn zé de jiào xué zǔ zhì xíng shì yòu： jiào xué de jī běn xíng shì -- kè táng jiào xué； jiào xué de fǔ zhù xíng shì -- xiàn chǎng jiào xué hé gè bié zhǐ dǎo； jiào xué de tè shū xíng shì -- fù shì jiào xué； jiào xué de diàn huà xíng shì -- duō méi tǐ jiào xué。
jiào xué de gài niàn shì cóng jiào xué xiàn xiàng hé jiào xué shí jiàn chōu xiàng hé gài kuò chū lái de， jiào xué de nèi hán yě suí zhe lì shǐ de fā zhǎn 'ér fā zhǎn。 yīn cǐ duì jiào xué zhè yī gài niàn de lí dìng yě bù shì yī chéng bù biàn de。 dàn rén lèi duì jiào xué de rèn shí shì yòu lián xù xìng de。 huí gù lì shǐ shàng duì jiào xué zhè yī gài niàn de jiě shì duì wǒ men zhèng què rèn shí jiào xué zhè yī gài niàn jù yòu zhòng yào yì yì。
zǎo zài shāng cháo， jiá gǔ wén zhōng yǐ jīng chū xiàn liǎo“ jiào” zì， rú“ dīng yǒu bǔ， qí hū yǐ duō fāng xiǎo zǐ xiǎo chén qí jiào jiè” ①。 jiá gǔ wén zhōng yě yòu liǎo“ xué” zì， rú：“ rén zǐ bǔ， fú jiǔ xiǎo qiú， xué。” ② tōng guò jiá gǔ wén zhōng de zì xíng fēn xī kàn， jiào shì cóng xué pài shēng chū lái de。“ jiào” hé“ xué” zuì chū dōushì dú lì de dān zì。 zuì zǎo jiāng“ jiào xué” èr zì lián wéi yī cí， jù yòu rén kǎo zhèng jiàn yú《 shū · shāng shū · shuō mìng》。 ③“ jiào xué” èr zì jiàn lì lián xì chéng yī gè cí， dàn zhè gè cí bìng méi yòu zhuān yòu de jiě shì。
gēn jù zhōng guó gǔ dài wén xiàn de jìzǎi，“ jiào” yòu“ jiào shòu、 jiào huì、 jiào huà、 gào jiè， lìng shǐ děng hán yì” ④。《 shuō wén jiě zì》 zhōng jìzǎi：“ jiào， shàng suǒ shī， xià suǒ xiào yě。” yòu rén fēn xī，“ qí ‘ shī ’ jiù shì cāo zuò、 yǎn shì， jí chuán shòu shī zhàn hé guī bǔ； qí‘ xiào’ jiù shì mó fǎng、 fǎng xiào， jí xué xí shī zhàn hé guī bǔ” ⑤。“ jiào”、“ xué” hái shì bèi dān dú jiě shì de。
“ jiào xué” yī cí zài yīng wén zhōng yòu hěn duō cí kě yǐ biǎo dá。 zài yīng yǔ shì jiè yǔ jiào xué xiāng duì yìng de cí yòu“ teach” ,“ learn” ,“ instruct”， yǐ jí“ teachandlearn”。
gēn jù hú sēn zhù biān de《 guó jì jiào yù bǎi kē quán shū》 zhōng de jiě shì： learn lái zì zhōng shì jì yīng yǔ zhōng lernen yī cí， yì sī shì“ xué” hé“ jiào”。 Lernen de cí gān shì lar,lar shì lore de yī gè cí gēn。 Lore yuán lái de yì sī shì xué xí hé jiào dǎo， xiàn zài cháng yòng lái zhǐ suǒ jiào de nèi róng。 yě jiù shì shuō wǒ men kě yǐ shuō learnt hé teach shì yóu tóng yī cí yuán pài shēng chū lái de。“ teach” yī cí hái yòu lìng yī zhǒng pài shēng xíng shì。 tā yuán zì gǔ yīng yǔ zhōng de taecan yī cí， taecan yòu shì cóng taikjan yī cí pài shēng lái de。 Taikjan de cí gēn shì teik， yì sī shì“ shuō míng”。 Teik tōng guò qián tiáo dùn yǔ kě yǐ yī zhí zhuī sù dào fàn wén de dic。 Teach zhè gè cí yǔ token（ yì wéi“ xìn hào” huò“ fú hào”） yě yòu guān xì。 Token yī cí yuán zì gǔ tiáo dùn yǔ de taiknom。 zhè gè cí yǔ taikjan( hòu lái chéng wéi gǔ yīng yǔ de taecan) tóng yuán， yì sī shì“ jiào”。 suǒ yǐ， token hé teach zhè liǎng gè cí zài lì shǐ shàng shì yòu lián xì de。 cóng zhè gè cí yuán kàn，“ jiào” de yì sī jiù shì tōng guò xìn hào huò fú hào yǐn qǐ bié rén duì shì wù、 rén wù、 guān chá hé yán jiū de jiēguǒ děng zuò chū fǎn yìng。 yóu zhè zhǒng pài shēng guān xì kàn， teach tóng jìn xíng jiào xué de zhōng jiè yòu guān。
teach hé instruct 'èr cí yě yòu qū bié， teach cháng yǔ jiào shī de xíng wéi yòu lián xì， zuò wéi yī zhǒng huó dòng； ér instruct cháng cháng yǔ jiào xué qíng jìng yòu guān xì， qiáng diào jiào xué guò chéng。 zhèng yīn wèicǐ， jīng cháng yòu rén rèn wéi， bù néng jǐn yòng teach yī gè cí lái duì yìng jiào xué， ér yīnggāi yòng teachandlearn， yǐ tóng shí qiáng diào jiào shī de jiào hé xué shēng de xué。
rán 'ér zhí dé zhǐ chū de shì， yǔ hàn yǔ zhōng de“ jiào” yuán zì yú“ xué” yòu suǒ bù tóng， yīng wén zhōng teach hé learn shì tóng yī cí yuán pài shēng chū lái de。
Teaching teachers to teach and students learn and formed a human-specific personnel training activities. Through such activities, teachers have the purpose, planned and organized to lead students to consciously grasp the cultural and scientific learning and accelerate the basic knowledge and basic skills, Cujin various quality and comprehensively Tigao students, enabling them to become community in need.
Simply put, teaching the teachers "teaching school." As a student speaking, knowledge is important, but more important than knowledge is the way to knowledge.
Teaching gradually formed since the emergence of the special role is:
(1) Teaching with a purpose, planned, organized activities form the teaching of human experience, so that teaching has a good order and rhythm, thus greatly improving the efficiency of teaching. The formation of a variety of teaching rules and regulations to standardize the teaching behavior of teachers and students to make teaching eliminates arbitrary and fragmented, thus becoming a highly professional special events.
(2) teaching to impart, through the choice of science, constitute a logical sequence based on knowledge and knowledge of the cognitive law students compiled teaching materials, as the students understanding of the world's media. This compared with students of their choice, self-learning experience scattered community, regardless of their objectives, content, time, results should be superior.
(3) teaching is the teacher's guidance and thoughtfulness of the process carried out. It's difficult to avoid the self-study and repeated trial and error process. Moreover, the teacher is always trying to choose the best method to accomplish the task of education, which ensure the learner's learning every step can be carried out smoothly.
(4) teaching to be achieved not only imparting knowledge, it is always the task at all aspects of both knowledge acquisition, intellectual development, ability to cultivate and improve, but also ideological and moral perfection, basic skills formation, personal skills development, etc., this is only the realization of comprehensive development of teaching can.
The role of teaching in schools working to objectively determine the way of teaching is mainly a reflection of the objective law school education. Working with teachers from the school, referring to the main school teaching, the center's work arrangements in time to take up teaching or teaching-based time up. Schools must rely mainly on teaching, first, because the teaching is the main characteristics of school education decisions. Primitive society, education is in the process of social life and productive work carried out, with the production of the school, teaching activities as the school's independent activities, as distinct from social life and productive labor in the process of education and school education activities The main content. Mainly on teaching, since they arise from the schools that had characterized the work of school education. Teachers from schools with engineering, agriculture, business and other departments of the fundamental differences, there is no school without teaching. Secondly, because, based on teaching experience for students to learn mainly indirect decision. The main function of schools is to enable students to take shortcuts, as soon as possible to grasp human society has accumulated the experience of living and productive labor, that is indirectly learning experience. Teaching the students master the indirect experience as soon as possible shortcut. If school work mainly on teaching, such as the production of labor-intensive, the students will not be able to obtain human society has accumulated the experience of living and productive labor. Again because, mainly on teaching the history of the school education experience in general and summarized. Since the founding of the school-based education to follow the laws of teaching, has conducted three major adjustments in order to ensure the quality of education, train qualified personnel.
The first was in 1963, the extra-curricular activities too much to adjust to the teaching-oriented track. Earlier, People from all sectors of the school can assign tasks, too many non-teaching activities, students learn knowledge is not the system, this release, "Guan Yu rectify primary and middle school instruction," put forward: teaching is the central task of overriding the school, Teacher's primary responsibility is to do a good job teaching the students the main task is to learn various subjects. This time adjustment, to ensure improvement in the quality of education, 956 appeared for the first time the quality of education summit.
The second time was in 1959, the school production of labor-based adjustments to the teaching-oriented track. For implementation in 1958 combining education with productive labor policy process, working too much bias, the State Council issued in June 1959 "on full-time teaching in schools, work and living arrangements of the provision" provides teaching, working and living timing, to correct the bias in the production of labor-intensive. Later, though there have been the only way to teaching as the students overburdened phenomenon, but mainly due to the production of labor-based adjustments to the teaching track, appeared in 1966, the second peak in the quality of education.
The third time was in 1976, the political campaign to dry on behalf of the school-based adjustment to the teaching-oriented track. In the "Cultural Revolution" period, to a political campaign to dry on behalf of the school-based instead of mainly on teaching, 1976 smashing of the "Gang of Four", the adjustment to the school of education to teaching-track recovery in 1977 by the University of College Entrance Examination, despite the rate of one-sided pursuit of further studies the phenomenon, but gradually improve the quality of education.
Teaching as a modern school education to achieve the aims of education, basic ways to complete the task of education, its basic nature is reflected in two aspects: one is to complete the intellectual task of teaching to be based, which means in education, teaching different from other means the main features; Second, the task of teaching to complete the intellectual center, complete intellectual education is not equal to the task of teaching only. Teaching as a basic way, it is common to all sports channels, which have complete moral, physical, aesthetic and other education task. These tasks include: to teach students a system of scientific knowledge, students develop basic skills training, skills, intellectual development and ability of students.
Students with a firm and correct political orientation, dialectical materialism of the communist world outlook and moral qualities.
Normal development of the students body, healthy growth.
Students have the right aesthetic point of view and feelings, appreciate and create beauty, knowledge and ability.
Enable students to master the basic knowledge of modern industrial and agricultural production, learn how to use the basic means of production skills.
Teaching quality and efficient completion of these tasks, a critical aspect must follow the teaching of law, deal with indirect and direct experience with combined experience of the relationship between the imparting of knowledge and raise their political consciousness of the relationship, imparting knowledge and Intelligence Development relations, and teachers play a leading role in mobilizing the students with enthusiasm, awareness of the relationship.
Teaching is achieved through different forms. So far, we use the time available for teaching the way we choose the form of teaching organization: the basic form of teaching - teaching; teaching aid form - on-site instruction and individual guidance; teaching special form - double teaching; teaching of electro-chemical form - multi-media teaching.
The concept of teaching and teaching practice of teaching abstract phenomena and the general out of the teaching of the connotation of development with the development of history. Therefore, the determination of the concept of teaching is not static. However, the teaching of human knowledge is continuous. Recalling the history of the concept of teaching a correct understanding of our teaching to explain the concept of great significance.
Early in the Shang Dynasty oracle bones have been there "to teach" character, such as "Ding-Pu, the calls to quit over Fangxiao Zi Xiaochen their religion" ①. Oracle also has a "P", such as: "Prince Pu, Ephesians wine small demand, learning." ② by Oracle in the shape of view, teaching that comes from the school. "Teaching" and "learning" the first words are independent. The first will be "teaching" the word with the word, according to some research found "the book that booksellers life." ③ "teaching" the word links into a word, but the word is not exclusive explanation.
According to records in ancient Chinese literature, "teaching" with "professors, teaching, educate, warn, that so and so meaning" ④. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" records: "teaching, on the facilities, followed by the inferiors." Some of "the 'Shi' is the operation, demonstration, or to teach accounting and tortoise Achillea Bu; its 'efficiency' is the imitation follow, that is, learning Achillea accounting and tortoise BU "⑤. "Education", "learning" or be a separate explanation.
"Teaching" is in English, many words can express. And teaching in the English word corresponding to a "teach", "learn", "instruct", and "teach and learn".
According to Husen editor of "Encyclopedia of International Education" in the explanation: learn the word from the Middle English lernen, meaning "learning" and "religion." Lernen the stem is lar, lar is the lore of a root. Lore originally intended to study and teach, now commonly used to refer to the content being taught. In other words we can say that learnt and teach is derived from the same etymology. "Teach" There is another word derived form. It is from Old English taecan word, taecan word is derived from the taikjan come. Taikjan the root is teik, meaning "explanation." Teik by former Teutonic language can be traced back to Sanskrit dic. Teach the word and the token (meaning "signal" or "symbol") is also a relationship. Token word from the ancient Teutonic language taiknom. The words and taikjan (later became the Old English taecan) homologous, meaning "to teach." Therefore, token, and teach the history of the two terms are in contact. From the etymology of view, "teaching" means caused by other signals or symbols of things, people, observations and results of the study to respond. Derived from the relationship of this view, teach the same teaching of the intermediary.
teach and instruct two words have different, teach behavior often associated with teachers as an activity; and instruct often has a relationship with the teaching situation, emphasizing the teaching process. Because of this, is often thought that, not only teach one word corresponds to teaching, but should teach and learn, to also stressed that teachers learn to teach and students.
It is worth noting that, with the Chinese character "education" comes from "learning" is different in English, teach and learn the same etymology is derived.
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