yīnyuè jī běn yào sù： yīnyuè de jī běn yào sù shì zhǐ gòu chéng yīnyuè de gè zhǒng yuán sù， bāo kuò yīn de gāo dī， yīn de cháng duǎn， yīn de qiáng ruò hé yīn sè。 yóu zhè xiē jī běn yào sù xiāng hù jié hé， xíng chéng yīnyuè de cháng yòng de “ xíng shì yào sù ”， lì rú： jié zòu， qǔdiào， hé shēng， yǐ jí lì dù， sù dù， diào shì， qū shì， zhì tǐ děng。 gòu chéng yīnyuè jiā de xíng shì yào sù， jiù shì yīnyuè de biǎo xiàn shǒu duàn。 yīnyuè de zuì jī běn yào sù shì jié zòu hé xuán lǜ。
1、 jié zòu： yīnyuè de jié zòu shì zhǐ yīnyuè yùn dòng zhōng yīn de cháng duǎn hé qiáng ruò。 yīnyuè de jié zòu cháng bèi bǐ yù wéi yīnyuè de gǔ jià。 jié pāi shì yīnyuè zhōng de chóngpāi hé ruò pāi zhōu qī xìng dì、 yòu guī lǜ dì chóngfù jìn xíng。 wǒ guó chuán tǒng yīnyuè chēng jié pāi wéi“ bǎn yǎn”，“ bǎn” xiāng dāng yú qiáng pāi；“ yǎn” xiāng dāng yú cì qiáng pāi（ zhōng yǎn） huò ruò pāi。
2、 qǔdiào： qǔdiào yě chēng xuán lǜ。 gāo dī qǐ fú de yuèyīn 'àn yī dìng de jié zòu yòu zhì xù dì héng xiàng zǔ zhì qǐ lái， jiù xíng chéng qǔdiào。 qǔdiào shì wán zhěng de yīnyuè xíng shì zhōng zuì zhòng yào de biǎo xiàn shǒu duàn zhī yī。 qǔdiào de jìn xíng fāng xiàng shì biàn huàn wú qióng de， jī běn de jìn xíng fāng xiàng yòu sān zhǒng：“ shuǐ píng jìn xíng”、“ shàng xíng” hé“ xià xíng”。 xiāng tóng yīn de jìn xíng fāng xiàng chēng shuǐ píng jìn xíng； yóu dī yīn xiàng gāo yīn fāng xiàng jìn xíng chēng shàng xíng； yóu gāo yīn xiàng dī yīn fāng xiàng jìn xíng chēng xià xíng。 qǔdiào de cháng jiàn jìn xíng fāng shì yòu：“ tóng yīn fǎn fù”、“ jí jìn” hé“ tiào jìn”。 yǐ yīn jiē de xiāng lín yīn jìn xíng chēng
wéi jí jìn， sān dù de tiào jìn chēng xiǎo tiào， sì dù hé sì dù yǐ shàng de tiào jìn chēng dà tiào。
3、 hé shēng： hé shēng bāo kuò“ hé xián” jí“ hé shēng jìn xíng”。 hé xián tōng cháng shì yóu sān gè huò sān gè yǐ shàng de yuèyīn 'àn yī dìng de fǎ zé zòng xiàng（ tóng shí） chóngdié 'ér xíng chéng de yīn xiǎng zǔ hé。 hé xián de héng xiàng zǔ zhì jiù shì hé shēng jìn xíng。 hé shēng yòu míng xiǎn de nóng、 dàn、 hòu、 bó de sè cǎi zuò yòng； hái yòu gòu chéngfèn jù、 fēn lè duàn hé zhōng zhǐ yuèqǔ de zuò yòng。
4、 lì dù： yīnyuè zhōng yīn de qiáng ruò chéng dù。
5、 sù dù： yīnyuè jìn xíng de kuài màn。
6、 diào shì： yīnyuè zhōng shǐ yòng de yīn 'àn yī dìng de guān xì lián jiē qǐ lái， zhè xiē yīn yǐ yī gè yīn wéi zhōng xīn（ zhù yīn） gòu chéng yī gè tǐ xì， jiù jiào diào shì。 rú dà diào shì、 xiǎo diào shì、 wǒ guó de wǔ shēng diào shì děng。 diào shì zhōng de gè yīn， cóng zhù yīn kāi shǐ zì dī dào gāo pái liè qǐ lái jí gòu chéng yīn jiē。
7、 qū shì： yīnyuè de héng xiàng zǔ zhì jié gòu。
8、 zhì tǐ： duō shēng yīnyuè zuò pǐn zhōng gè shēng bù de zǔ hé xíng tài（ bāo kuò zòng xiàng jié hé hé héng xiàng jié hé guān xì）。
9、 xuán lǜ： shēng yīn jīng guò yì shù gòu sī 'ér xíng chéng de yòu zǔ zhì、 yòu jié zòu de hé xié yùn dòng。 xuán lǜ shì yuèqǔ de jī chǔ， yuèqǔ de sī xiǎng gǎn qíng dōushì tōng guò tā biǎo xiàn chū lái de。
【 yīnyuè lǐ lùn】
yīnyuè xué
yīnyuè tā lǜ lùn
yīnyuè zì lǜ lùn
lè lǐ
yīnyuè měi xué
yīnyuè shǐ xué
qū shì yǔ zuò pǐn fēn xī
yīnyuè de gōng xiào
【 yīnyuè gōng néng】
yīnyuè shì yī zhǒng fú hào， shēng yīn fú hào， biǎo dá rén de suǒ sī suǒ xiǎng。 shì rén men sī xiǎng de zài tǐ zhī yī。 yīnyuè shì yòu mù dídí， shì yòu nèi hán de， qí zhōng yǐn hán liǎo zuò zhě de shēng huó tǐ yàn， sī xiǎng qíng huái。 yīnyuè cóng shēng bō shàng fēn xī tā jiè yú zào shēng hé pín shuài bù biàn de chún yīn zhī jiān， cóng xiào guǒ shàng jiǎng tā kě yǐ dài gěi rén měi de xiǎng shòu hé biǎo dá rén de qíng gǎn。
yīnyuè shì shè huì xíng wéi de yī zhǒng xíng shì， tōng guò yīnyuè rén men kě yǐ hù xiāng jiāo liú qíng gǎn hé shēng huó tǐ yàn。 zhè zài gē qū zhōng zhè zhǒng zuò yòng biǎo xiàn dé zuì wéi tū chū。
【 yīnyuè qǐ yuán】
rén lèi shè huì cóng shénme shí hòu kāi shǐ yòu liǎo yīnyuè， yǐ wú fǎ chá kǎo。 zài rén lèi hái méi yòu chǎn shēng yǔ yán shí， jiù yǐ jīng zhī dào lì yòng shēng yīn de gāo dī、 qiáng ruò děng lái biǎo dá zì jǐ de yì sī hé gǎn qíng。 suí zhe rén lèi láo dòng de fā zhǎn， zhú jiàn chǎn shēng liǎo tǒng yī láo dòng jié zòu de hào zǐ hé xiāng hù jiān chuán dì xìn xī de hū hǎn， zhè biàn shì zuì yuán shǐ de yīnyuè chú xíng； dāng rén men qìng hè shōu huò hé fēn xiǎng láo dòng chéng guǒ shí， wǎng wǎng qiāo dǎ shí qì、 mù qì yǐ biǎo dá xǐ yuè、 huān lè zhī qíng， zhè biàn shì yuán shǐ yuèqì de chú xíng。
yī、 xián lè qì de qǐ yuán chuán shuō
mò qiū lì（ Mercury） shì xī là shén huà zhōng zhū shén de shǐ shén。 jù shuō tā zài ní luó hé pàn sàn bù shí， jiǎo chù yī wù fā chū měi miào de shēng yīn， tā shí qǐ yī kàn， fā xiàn yuán shì yī gè kōng guī ké nèi cè fù yòu yī tiáo gān kū de jīn suǒ fā chū de shēng xiǎng。 mò qiū lì cóng cǐ dé dào qǐ fā， ér fā míng liǎo xián lè qì。 suī shuō hòu rén kǎo zhèng zài mò qiū lì yǐ qián jiù yǐ jīng yòu liǎo xián lè qì， dàn yě kě néng shì yóu cǐ dé dào liǎo qǐ fā。
èr、 guǎn lè qì de qǐ yuán chuán shuō
zhōng guó gǔ dài lì shǐ jì shù liǎo jù jīn wǔ qiān nián qián de huáng dì shí dài， yòu yī wèi míng jiào zuò líng lún de yīnyuè jiā， tā jìn rù xī fāng kūn huà shān nèi cǎi zhú wéi dí。 dāng shí qià yòu wǔ zhǐ fèng huáng zài kōng zhōng fēi míng， tā biàn hé qí yīn 'ér dìng lǜ。 suī rán zhè yī gù shì yě bù néng wán quán xiāng xìn， dàn shì， kě jiāng qí kàn zuò shì yòu guān guǎn lè qì qǐ yuán de dài yòu shén mì sè cǎi de chuán shuō。
sān、 zhōng guó gǔ dài yīnyuè
zhōng guó zuì chū de dì wáng héng héng héng huáng dì， shì wǔ qiān nián qián chuàng zào liǎo lì fǎ hé wén zì de míng jūn。 dāng shí， chú liǎo qián shù de líng lún zhī wài， hái yòu yī wèi míng jiào“ fú xī” de yīnyuè jiā。 jù shuō fú xī shì rén shǒu shé shēn， céng zài mǔ tāi zhōng yùn yù liǎo shí 'èr nián。 tā tánzòu liǎo zhāng yòu wǔ shí xián de qín， yóu yú yīn diào guò yú bēi shāng， huáng dì jiāng qí qín duàn qù yī bàn， gǎi wéi 'èr shí wǔ xián。
cǐ wài， zài huáng dì shí dài de chuán shuō zhōng， hái yòu yī wèi míng wéi shén nóng de yīnyuè jiā， tā jiào rén gēng zuò， bìng fā xiàn liǎo yī yào， jù shuō shì niú shǒu rén shēn。 tā chuàng zào liǎo wǔ xián qín， rú guǒ shè xiǎng dāng shí de yīnyuè shì shǐ yòng wǔ shēng yīn jiē， nà me zhè shì lǐ suǒ dāng rán de。
【 zhōng guó yīnyuè】
zhèng shì de zhōng guó yīnyuè lì shǐ wén zì jìzǎi， shǐ yú zhōu cháo。
zhōng guó yīn lè cóng hěn zǎo yǐ jīng zhǎng wò qī shēng yīn jiē， dàn yī zhí piān hǎo bǐ jiào hé xié de wǔ shēng yīn jiē， zhòng diǎn zài wǔ shēng zhōng fā zhǎn yīnyuè， tóng shí jiāng zhōng xīn fàng zài zhuī qiú xuán lǜ、 jié zòu biàn huà， qīng shì hé shēng de zuò yòng。 zhōng guó yīnyuè de fā zhǎn fāng xiàng hé xī fāng yīnyuè bù tóng， xī fāng yīnyuè cóng gǔ xī là de wǔ shēng yīn jiē， zhú jiàn fā zhǎn dào qī shēng yīn jiē， zhí dào shí 'èr píng jūn lǜ； cóng dān shēng bù fā zhǎn dào yùn yòng hé shēng。 suǒ yǐ xī fāng yīnyuè rú guǒ shuō xiàng yī dǔ hòu zhòng de qiáng bì， shàng miàn lún kuò rú tóng xuán lǜ， zhuān shí rú tóng qiáng tǐ， jí shǐ lún kuò píng zhí zhǐ yào yòu hé shēng yě shì qiáng， zhèng xiàng hēng dé 'ěr de mǒu xiē zuò pǐn。 zhōng guó yīnyuè zé bù tóng， hǎo xiàng yòng xiàn tiáo huà chū de zhōng guó huà， rú guǒ méi yòu lún kuò（ xuán lǜ） zé bù chéng qí wéi yīnyuè， dàn hé shēng shì kě yòu kě wú de。 suǒ yǐ xī fāng rén tīng zhōng guó yīnyuè“ rú tóng piāo zài kōng zhōng de xiàn”， ér cóng wèi jiē chù xī fāng yīnyuè de zhōng guó rén zé jué dé xī fāng yīnyuè rú tóng“ hùn zá de zào shēng”。
【 shǐ qián gǔ lè】
zhōng huá mín zú yīnyuè de méng mèi shí qī zǎo yú huá xià zú de shǐ zǔ shén xuān yuán huáng dì liǎng qiān yú nián。 jù jīn liù qiān qī bǎi nián zhì qī qiān yú nián de xīn shí qì shí dài， xiān mín men kě néng yǐ jīng kě yǐ shāo zhì táo xūn， wā zhì gǔ shào。 zhè xiē yuán shǐ de yuèqì wú kě zhì yí dì gào sù rén men， dāng shí de rén lèi yǐ jīng jù bèi duì yuèyīn de shěn měi néng lì。 yuǎn gǔ de yīnyuè wén huà gēn jù gǔ dài wén xiàn jìzǎi jù yòu gē、 wǔ、 lè hù xiāng jié hé de tè diǎn。 gětiān shì shì zú zhōng de suǒ wèi“ sān rén cāo niú wěi， tóu zú yǐ gē bā què” de yuèwǔ jiù shì zuì hǎo de shuō míng。 dāng shí， rén men suǒ gē yǒng de nèi róng， zhū rú“ jìng tiān cháng”、“ fèn wǔ gǔ”、“ zǒng qín shòu zhī jí” fǎn yìng liǎo xiān mín men duì nóng yè、 xùmù yè yǐ jí tiān dì zì rán guī lǜ de rèn shí。 zhè xiē gē、 wǔ、 lè hù wéi yī tǐ de yuán shǐ yuèwǔ hái yǔ yuán shǐ shì zú de tú téng chóng bài xiǎng lián xì。 lì rú huáng dì shì zú céng yǐ yún wéi tú téng， tā de yuèwǔ jiù jiào zuò《 yún mén》。 guān yú yuán shǐ de gēqǔ xíng shì， kě jiàn《 lǚ shì chūn qiū》 suǒ jì tú shān shì zhī nǚ suǒ zuò de " hòu rén gē "。 zhè shǒu gē de gē cí jǐn zhǐ " hòu rén xī yī " yī jù， ér zhǐ yòu " hòu rén " èr zì yòu shí yì。 zhè biàn shì yīnyuè de méng yá， shì yī zhǒng yùn 'ér wèi huà de yǔ yán。 hé nán wǔ yáng xiàn jiǎ hú yí zhǐ de gǔ dí sù yuán yú gōng yuán qián 6000 nián zuǒ yòu， shì quán shì jiè zuì gǔ lǎo de chuī zòuyuè qì。 qí zhōng de yī zhī qī kǒng gǔ dí bǎo cún dé fēi cháng wán zhěng， zhuān jiā men jìn xíng guò shí yàn， fā xiàn réng rán néng shǐ yòng gāi gǔ dí yǎn zòu yīnyuè， néng fā chū qī shēng yīn jiē。 dàn zhōng guó gǔ dài jī běn shàng zhǐ shǐ yòng wǔ shēng yīn jiē。
【 gǔ dài yīnyuè】
zhōng guó gǔ dài“ shī gē” shì bù fēn de， jí wén xué hé yīnyuè shì jǐn mì xiāng lián xì de。 xiàn cún zuì zǎo de hàn yǔ shī gē zǒng jí《 shī jīng》 zhōng de shī piān dāng shí dōushì pèi yòu qǔdiào， wèirénmín dà zhòng kǒu tóu chuán chàng de。 zhè gè chuán tǒng yī zhí yán xù xià qù， bǐ rú hàn dài de guān fāng shī gē jí chéng， jiù jiào《 hàn lè fǔ》， táng shī、 sòng cí dāng shí yědōu néng gē chàng。 shèn zhì dào liǎo jīn tiān， yě yòu liú xíng yīnyuè jiā wéi gǔ shī pǔ qū yǎn chàng， rú sū shì miáo xiě zhōng qiū jiā jié de《 shuǐ diào gē tóu》 hái yòu lǐ bái de《 jìng yè sī》。
zhōng guó gǔ dài duì yīnyuè jiā bǐ jiào qīng shì， bù xiàng duì dài huà jiā， yīn wéi zhōng guó huà hé shū fǎ lián xì jǐn mì， huà jiā shǔ yú wén rén shì dà fū jiē céng， zài sòng cháo shí shèn zhì kě yǐ“ yǐ huà kǎo guān”（ qí shí yě shì yīn wéi sòng huī zōng gè rén duì huì huà de jí dù 'àihào）。 yuèshǒu dì wèi jiào dī， zhǐ shì gōng guì zú yú lè de“ líng rén”。 táng cháo shí zhù míng gē shǒu lǐ guī nián yě méi yòu shénme zhèng zhì dì wèi， xiàn zài de rén zhī dào tā yě shì yīn wéi tā cháng chū xiàn zài táng shī zhōng， shòu rén zàn yáng。
zhōng guó gǔ dài de“ shì dà fū” jiē céng rèn wéi， yī gè yòu xiū yǎng de rén yīnggāi jīng tōng“ qín qí shū huà”， suǒ wèi de“ qín” jiù shì liú chuán zhì jīn de gǔ qín。 bù guò gǔ qín zhǐ xiàn yú shì dà fū dú zì xīn shǎng， bù néng duì gōng zhòng yǎn chū。 gǔ qín yīn liàng jiào xiǎo， yě shì wéi yī dì wèi jiào gāo de yuèqì。
zǒng jié： zhōng guó gǔ dài de yīnyuè lǐ lùn fā zhǎn jiào màn， zài“ zhèng shǐ” zhōng dì wèi bù gāo， méi yòu néng liú xià gèng duō de shū miàn zī liào。 dàn yīnyuè hé wén xué yī yàng， shì gǔ dài zhī shí fènzǐ jiē céng de bì xiū kè， zài gǔ dài zhōng guó rén de rì cháng shēng huó zhōng wú yí yòu zhe zhòng yào dì wèi； mín jiān zé gèng shì chōng mǎn liǎo duō cǎi de xuán lǜ。
xià、 shāng shí qī yīnyuè
xià shāng liǎng dài shì nú lì zhì shè huì shí qī。 cóng gǔ diǎn wén xiàn jìzǎi lái kàn， zhè shí de yuèwǔ yǐ jīng jiàn jiàn tuō lí yuán shǐ shì zú yuèwǔ wéi shì zú gòng yòu de tè diǎn， tā men gèng duō dì wéi nú lì zhù suǒ zhàn yòu。 cóng nèi róng shàng kàn， tā men jiàn jiàn lí kāi liǎo yuán shǐ de tú téng chóng bài， zhuǎn 'ér wéi duì zhēng fú zì rán de rén de sòng gē。 lì rú xià yǔ zhì shuǐ， zào fú rén mín， yú shì biàn chū xiàn liǎo gē sòng xià yǔ de yuèwǔ《 dà xià》。 xià jié wú dào， shāng tānɡ fá zhī， yú shì biàn yòu liǎo gē sòng shāng tānɡ fá jié de yuèwǔ《 dà huò》。 shāng dài wū fēng shèng xíng， yú shì chū xiàn liǎo zhuān sī jì sì de wū（ nǚ wū） hé xí（ nán wū）。 tā men wéi nú lì zhù suǒ huàn yǎng， zài xíng jì shí wǔ dǎo、 gē chàng， shì zuì zǎo yǐ yīn lè wéi zhí yè de rén。 nú lì zhù yǐ yuèwǔ lái jì sì tiān dì、 zǔ xiān， tóng shí yòu yǐ yuèwǔ lái fàng zòng zì shēn de xiǎng shòu。 tā men sǐ hòu hái yào yǐ yuèrén xùn zàng， zhè zhǒng cán kù de xùn shā zhì dù yī fāng miàn bào lù liǎo nú lì zhù de cán kù tǒng zhì， ér zài kè guān shàng yě fǎn yìng chū shēng chǎn lì jiào yuán shǐ shí dài de jìn bù， cóng 'ér shǐ yīnyuè wén huà jù bèi liǎo xùn sù fā zhǎn de tiáo jiàn。 jù shǐ liào jìzǎi， zài xià dài yǐ jīng yòu yòng 'ě yú pí méng zhì de tuó gǔ。 shāng dài yǐ jīng fā xiàn yòu mù qiāng mǎng pí gǔ hé shuāng niǎo tāo tiè wén tóng gǔ， yǐ jí zhì zuò jīng liáng de tuō tāi yú shí huà lí de shí pán。 qīng tóng shí dài yǐng xiǎng suǒ jí， shāng dài hái chū xiàn liǎo biān zhōng、 biān náo yuèqì， tā men dà duō wéi sān méi yī zǔ。 gè lèi dǎ jī yuèqì de chū xiàn tǐ xiàn liǎo yuèqì shǐ shàng jī yuèqì fā zhǎn zài qián de tè diǎn。 shǐ yú gōng yuán qián wǔ qiān yú nián de tǐ míng yuèqì táo xūn cóng dāng shí de dān yīn kǒng、 èr yīn kǒng fā zhǎn dào wǔ yīn kǒng， tā yǐ kě yǐ fā chū shí 'èr gè bàn yīn de yīn liè。 gēn jù táo xūn fā yīn tuī duàn， zhōng guó mín zú yīnyuè sī wéi de jī chǔ wǔ shēng yīn jiē chū xiàn zài xīn shí qì shí dài de wǎn qī， ér qī shēng zhì shǎo zài shāng、 yīn shí yǐ jīng chū xiàn。
xī zhōu、 dōng zhōu shí qī yīnyuè
xī zhōu hé dōng zhōu shì nú lì zhì shè huì yóu shèng dào shuāi， fēng jiàn zhì shè huì yīn sù rì qū zēngzhǎng de lì shǐ shí qī。 xī zhōu shí qī gōng tíng shǒu xiān jiàn lì liǎo wán bèi de lǐyuè zhì dù。 zài yàn xiǎng yú lè zhōng bù tóng dì wèi de guān yuán guī dìng yòu bù tóng de dì wèi、 wǔ duì de biān zhì。 zǒng jié qián lì dài shǐ shī xìng zhì de diǎn zhāng yuèwǔ， kě yǐ kàn dào suǒ wèi " liù dài yuèwǔ "， jí huáng dì shí de《 yún mén》， yáo shí de《 xián chí》， shùn shí de《 sháo》， yǔ shí de《 dà xià》， shāng shí de《 dà huò》， zhōu shí de《 dà wǔ》。 zhōu dài hái yòu cǎi fēng zhì dù，， shōu jí mín gē， yǐ guān fēng sú、 chá mín qíng。 lài yú cǐ， bǎo liú xià dà liàng de mín gē， jīng chūn qiū shí kǒng zǐ de shān dìng， xíng chéng liǎo zhōng guó dì yī bù shī gē zǒng jí －－《 shī jīng》。 tā shōu yòu zì xī zhōu chū dào chūn qiū zhōng yè wǔ bǎi duō nián de rù lè shī gē yī gòng sān bǎi líng wǔ piān。《 shī jīng》 zhōng zuì yōu xiù de bù fēn shì " fēng "。 tā men shì liú chuán yú yǐ hé nán shěng wéi zhōng xīn， bāo kuò fù jìn shù shěng de shí wǔ guó mín gē。 cǐ wài hái yòu wén rén chuàng zuò de " dà yǎ "、 " xiǎo yǎ "， yǐ jí shǐ shī xìng de jì sì gēqǔ " sòng " zhè jǐ zhǒng tǐ cái。 jiù qí liú chuán xià lái dídí wén zì fēn xī，《 shī jīng》 zhōng de gēqǔ yǐ kě gài kuò wéi shí zhǒng qū shì jié gòu。 zuò wéi gēqǔ wěi bù de gāo cháo bù fēn， yǐ yòu zhuān mén de míng chēng " luàn "。 zài《 shī jīng》 chéng shū qián hòu， zhù míng de 'ài guó shī rén qū yuán gēn jù chǔ dì de jì sì gēqǔ biān chéng《 jiǔ gē》， jù yòu nóng zhòng de chǔ wén huà tè zhēng。 zhì cǐ， liǎng zhǒng bù tóng bù tóng yīnyuè fēng gé de zuò pǐn nán běi jiāo xiāng huī yìng chéng qù。
zhōu dài shí qī mín jiān yīnyuè shēng huó shè jí shè huì shēng huó de shí jǐ gè cè miàn， shí fēn huó yuè。 shì chuán bó yá tánqín， zhōng zǐ qī zhī yīn de gù shì jí shǐ yú cǐ shí。 zhè fǎn yìng chū yǎn zòu jì shù、 zuòqǔ jì shù yǐ jí rén men xīn shǎng shuǐ píng de tí gāo。 gǔ qín yǎn zòu zhōng， qín rén hái zǒng jié chū " dé zhī yú xīn， fāng néng yìng zhī yú qì " de yǎn zòu xīn lǐ gǎn shòu。 zhù míng de gē chàng yuèrén qín qīng de gē chàng jù jìzǎi néng gòu " shēng zhèn lín mù， xiǎng 'è fēi yún "。 gèng yòu mín jiān gē nǚ hán 'é， gē hòu " yú yīn ráo liáng， sān rì bù jué "。 zhè xiē dōushì shēngyuè jì shù shàng de gāo dù chéng jiù。
zhōu dài yīnyuè wén huà gāo dù fā dá de chéng jiù hái kě yǐ yī jiǔ qī bā nián hú běi suí xiàn chū tǔ de zhàn guó céng hóu yǐ mù zàng zhōng de gǔ lè qì wéi zhòng yào biāo zhì。 zhè zuò kě yǐ hé 'āi jí jīn zì tǎ pì měi de dì xià yīnyuè bǎo kù tí gōng liǎo dāng shí gōng tíng lǐyuè zhì dù de mó shì， zhè lǐ chū tǔ de bā zhǒng yī bǎi 'èr shí sì jiàn yuèqì， àn zhào zhōu dài de " bā yīn " yuèqì fēn lèi fǎ（ jīn、 shí、 sī、 zhú、 páo、 tǔ、 gé、 mù） jīhū gè lèi yuèqì yīngyǒu jìn yòu。 qí zhōng zuì wéi zhòng yào de liù shí sì jiàn biān zhōng yuèqì， fēn shàng、 zhōng、 xià sān céng biān liè， zǒng zhòng liàng dá wǔ qiān yú gōng jīn， zǒng yīn yù kě dá wǔ gè bā dù。 yóu yú zhè tào biān zhōng jù yòu shāng zhōu biān zhōng yī zhōng fā liǎng yīn de tè xìng， qí zhōng bù yīn qū shí 'èr gè bàn yīn qí bèi， kě yǐ xuán gōng zhuǎn diào， cóng 'ér zhèng shí liǎo xiān qín wén xiàn guān yú xuán gōng jìzǎi de kě kào。 céng hóu yǐ mù zhōng、 pán yuèqì shàng hái yòu míng wén， nèi róng wéi gè zhū hóu guó zhī jiān de yuèlǜ lǐ lùn， fǎn yìng zhe zhōu dài yuèlǜ xué de gāo dù chéng jiù。 zài zhōu dài， shí 'èr lǜ de lǐ lùn yǐ jīng què lì。 wǔ shēng jiē míng（ gōng、 shāng、 jiǎo、 zhǐ [zhi sān shēng ]、 yǔ） yě yǐ jīng què lì。 zhè shí， rén men yǐ jīng zhī dào wǔ shēng huò qī shēng yīn jiē zhōng yǐ gōng yīn wéi zhù， gōng yīn wèi zhì gǎi biàn jiù jiào xuán gōng， zhè yàng jiù kě yǐ dá dào zhuǎn diào de xiào guǒ。 lǜ xué shàng tū chū de chéng jiù jiàn yú《 guǎn zǐ－ dì yuán piān》 suǒ jìzǎi de " sān fēn sǔn yì fǎ "。 jiù shì yǐ gōng yīn de xián cháng wéi jī chǔ， zēng jiā sān fēn zhī yī（ yì yī）， dé dào gōng yīn xià fāng de chún sì dù zhēng yīn； zhēng yīn de xián cháng jiǎn qù sān fēn zhī yī（ sǔn yī）， dé dào zhēng yīn shàng fāng de chún wǔ dù shāng yīn； yǐ cì jì xù tuī suàn jiù dé dào wǔ shēng yīn jiē gè yīn de xián cháng。 àn zhào cǐ fǎ suàn quán bā dù nèi shí 'èr gè bàn yīn（ shí 'èr lǜ） de xián cháng， jiù gòu chéng liǎo " sān fēn sǔn yì lǜ zhì "。 zhè zhǒng lǜ zhì yóu yú shì yǐ zì rán de wǔ dù yīn chéng xiāng shēng 'ér chéng， měi yī cì xiāng shēng 'ér chéng de yīn jūn jiào shí 'èr píng jūn lǜ de wǔ dù wēi gāo， zhè yàng xiāng shēng shí 'èr cì dé bù dào shǐ fā lǜ de gāo bā dù yīn， zào chéng suǒ wèi " huáng zhōng bù néng hái yuán "， gěi xuán gōng zhuǎn diào zào chéng bù biàn。 dàn zhè zhǒng chōng fēn tǐ xiàn dān yīn yīnyuè xuán lǜ měi gǎn de lǜ zhì yī zhí yán xù zhì jīn。
qín、 hàn shí qī yīnyuè
qín hàn shí kāi shǐ chū xiàn " yuèfǔ "。 tā jì chéng liǎo zhōu dài duì cǎi fēng zhì dù， sōu jí、 zhěng lǐ gǎi biàn mín jiān yīnyuè， yè jì zhōng liǎo dà liàng yuègōng zài yàn xiǎng、 jiāo sì、 cháo hè děng chǎng hé yǎn zòu。 zhè xiē yòng zuò yǎn chàng de gē cí， bèi chēng wéi yuèfǔ shī。 yuèfǔ， hòu lái yòu bèi yǐn shēn wéi fàn zhǐ gè zhǒng rù lè huò bù rù lè de gē cí， shèn zhì yī xiē xìqǔ hé qì yuè yědōu chēng zhī wéi yuèfǔ。
hàn dài zhù yào de gēqǔ xíng shì shì xiānghè gē。 tā cóng zuì chū de " yī rén chàng， sān rén hé " de qīng chàng， jiàn cì fā zhǎn wèiyòu sī、 zhú lè qì bàn zòu de " xiānghè dàqǔ "， bìng qiě jù " yàn -- qū -- luàn " de qū tǐ jié gòu， tā duì suí táng shí de gē wǔ dàqǔ yóu zhe zhòng yào yǐng xiǎng。 hàn dài zài xī běi biān jiāng xīng qǐ liǎo gǔ chuī lè。 tā yǐ bù tóng biān zhì de chuī guǎn yuèqì hé dǎ jī yuèqì gòu chéng duō zhǒng gǔ chuī xíng shì， rú héng chuī、 qí chuī、 huáng mén gǔ chuī děng děng。 tā men huò zài mǎ shàng yǎn zòu， huò zài xíng jìn zhōng yǎn zòu， yòng yú jūn lè lǐ yí、 gōng tíng yàn yǐn yǐ jí mín jiān yú lè。 jīn rì shàng cún de mín jiān chuī dǎ lè， dāng yòu hàn dài gǔ chuī de yí xù。 zài hàn dài hái yòu " bǎi xì " chū xiàn， tā shì jiāng gē wǔ、 zá jì、 juédǐ（ xiàngpū） hé zài yī qǐ biǎo yǎn de jié mù。 hàn dài lǜ xué shàng de chéng jiù shì jīng fáng yǐ sān fēn sǔn yì de fāng fǎ jiāng bā dù yīn chéng huá huá wéi liù shí lǜ。 zhè zhǒng lǐ lùn zài yīnyuè shí jiàn shàng suī wú yì yì， dàn tǐ xiàn liǎo lǜ xué sī wéi de jīng wēi xìng。 cóng lǐ lùn shàng dá dào liǎo wǔ shí sān píng jūn lǜ de xiào guǒ。
sān guó、 liǎng jìn、 nán běi cháo shí qī yīnyuè
yóu xiānghè gē fā zhǎn qǐ lái de qīng shāng lè zài běi fāng dé dào cáo wèi zhèng quán de zhòng shì， shè zhì qīng shāng shǔ。 liǎng jìn zhī jiāo de zhàn luàn， shǐ qīng shāng lè liú rù nán fāng， yǔ nán fāng de wú gē、 xī qū róng hé。 zài běi wèi shí， zhè zhǒng nán běi róng hé de qīng shāng lè yòu huí dào běi fāng， cóng 'ér chéng wéi liú chuán quán guó de zhòng yào lè zhǒng。 hàn dài yǐ lái， suí zhe sī chóu zhī lù de chàng tōng， xī yù zhū guó de gēqǔ yǐ kāi shǐ chuán rù nèi dì。 běi liáng shí lǚ guāng jiāng zài suí táng yàn lè zhōng zhàn yòu zhòng yào wèi zhì de qiūcí（ jīn xīn jiāng kù chē） lè dài dào nèi dì。 yóu cǐ kě jiàn dāng shí gè zú rén mín zài yīnyuè shàng de jiāo liú yǐ jīng shí fēn pǔ jí liǎo。
zhè shí， chuán tǒng yīnyuè wén huà de dài biǎo xìng yuèqì gǔ qín qū yú chéng shú， zhè zhù yào biǎo xiàn wéi： zài hàn dài yǐ jīng chū xiàn liǎo tí jiě qín qū biāo tí de gǔ qín zhuān zhù《 qín cāo》。 sān guó shí zhù míng de qín jiā jī kāng zài qí suǒ zhù《 qín cāo》 yī shū zhōng yòu " huī yǐ zhōng shān zhī yù " de jìzǎi。 zhè shuō míng dāng shí de rén men yǐ jīng zhī dào gǔ qín shàng huī wèi fàn yīn de chǎn shēng。 dāng shí， chū xiàn liǎo yī dà pī wén rén qín jiā xiāng jì chū xiàn， rú jī kāng、 ruǎn jí děng，《 guǎng líng sàn》（《 niè zhèng cì qín wáng》）、《 yī lán cāo》、《 jiǔ kuáng》 děng yī pī zhù míng qū mù wèn shì。
nán běi cháo mò nián hái shèng xíng yī zhǒng yòu gù shì qíng jié， yòu jiǎo sè hé huà zhuāng biǎo yǎn， zài gē zài wǔ， tóng shí jiān yòu bàn chànghè guǎn xián bàn zòu de gē wǔ xì。 zhè yǐ jīng shì yī zhǒng xiǎo xíng de chú xíng xìqǔ。
zhè yī shí qī lǜ xué shàng de zhòng yào chéng jiù， bāo kuò jìn dài xún mào zhǎo dào guǎn lè qì de " guǎn kǒu jiàozhèng shù "。 nán cháo sòng hé chéng tiān zài sān fēn sǔn yì fǎ shàng， yǐ děng chā dié jiā de bàn fǎ， chuàng lì liǎo shí fēn jiē jìn shí 'èr píng jūn lǜ de xīn lǜ。 tā de nǔ lì chū bù jiě jué liǎo sān fēn sǔn yì lǜ huáng zhōng bù néng hái yuán de nán tí。
suí、 táng shí qī yīnyuè
suí táng liǎng dài， zhèng quán tǒng yī , tè bié shì táng dài， zhèng zhì wěn dìng， jīng jì xīng wàng， tǒng zhì zhě fèng xíng kāi fàng zhèng cè， yǒng yú xī shōu wài chéng wén huà， jiā shàng wèi jìn yǐ lái yǐ jīng yùn yù zhe de gè zú yīnyuè wén huà róng hé dǎ jī chǔ， zhōng yú méng fā liǎo yǐ gē wǔ yīnyuè wéi zhù yào biāo zhì de yīnyuè yì shù de quán miàn fā zhǎn de gāo fēng。
táng dài gōng tíng yàn xiǎng de yīnyuè， chēng zuò " yàn lè "。 suí、 táng shí qī de qī bù lè、 jiǔ bù lè jiù shǔ yú yàn lè。 tā men fēn bié shì gè zú yǐ jí bù fēn wài guó de mín jiān yīnyuè， zhù yào yòu qīng shāng lè（ hàn zú）、 xī liáng（ jīn gān sù） lè、 gāo chāng（ jīn tù lǔ fān） lè、 qiūcí（ jīn kù chē） lè、 kāng guó（ jīn 'é guó sà mǎ 'ěr hàn） lè、 ān guó（ jīn 'é guó bù hā lā） lè、 tiān zhú（ jīn yìn dù） lè、 gāolí（ jīn cháo xiān） lè děng。 qí zhōng qiūcíyuè、 xī liáng lè gèng wéi zhòng yào。 yàn lè hái fēn wéi zuò bù jì hé lì bù jì yǎn zòu， gēn jù bái jū yì de《 lì bù jì》 shī， zuò bù jì de yǎn zòu yuán shuǐ píng gāo yú lì bù jì。
fēngmǐ yī shí de táng dài gē wǔ dàqǔ shì yàn lè zhōng dú shù yī zhì de qí pā。 tā jì chéng liǎo xiānghè dàqǔ de chuán tǒng， róng huì liǎo jiǔ bù lè zhōng gè zú yīnyuè de jīng huá， xíng chéng liǎo sàn xù－－ zhōng xù huò pāi xù－－ pò huò wǔ biàn de jié gòu xíng shì。 jiàn yú《 jiào fāng lù》 zhù lù de táng dàqǔ qū míng gòng yòu 46 gè， qí zhōng《 ní cháng yǔ yī wǔ》 yǐ qí wéi zhù míng de huáng dì yīnyuè jiā táng xuán zōng suǒ zuò， yòu jiān yòu qīng yǎ de fǎ qū fēng gé， wéi shì suǒ chēng dào。 zhù míng shī rén bái jū yì xiě yòu miáo huì gāi dàqǔ yǎn chū guò chéng de shēng dòng shī piān《 ní cháng yǔ yī wǔ gē》。
táng dài yīnyuè wén huà de fán róng hái biǎo xiàn wèiyòu yī xì liè yīnyuè jiào yù de jī gòu， rú jiào fāng、 lí yuán、 dà lè shǔ、 gǔ chuī shǔ yǐ jí zhuān mén jiào xí yòu tóng de lí yuán bié jiào yuán。 zhè xiē jī gòu yǐ yán mì de kǎo jì， zào jiù zhe yī pī pī cái huá chū zhòng de yīnyuè jiā。 wén xué shǐ shàng kān chēng yī jué de táng shī zài dāng shí shì kě yǐ rù yuègē chàng de。 dāng shí gē jì céng yǐ néng gē míng jiā shī wéi kuài； shī rén yě yǐ zì jǐ de shī zuò rù lè hòu liú chuán zhī guǎng lái héng liàng zì jǐ de xiě zuò shuǐ píng。 zài táng dài de yuèduì zhōng， pí pá shì zhù yào yuèqì zhī yī。 tā yǐ jīng yǔ jīn rì de pí pá xíng zhì xiāngchà wú jǐ。 xiàn zài fú jiàn nán qū hé rì běn de pí pá， zài xíng zhì shàng hé yǎn zòu fāng fǎ shàng hái bǎo liú zhe táng pí pá de mǒu xiē tè diǎn。
shòu dào qiūcí yīnyuè lǐ lùn de yǐng xiǎng， táng dài chū xiàn liǎo bā shí sì diào， yàn lè 'èr shí bā diào de lè xué lǐ lùn。 táng dài cáo róu hái chuàng lì liǎo jiǎn zì pǔ de gǔ qín jì pǔ fǎ， yī zhí yán yòng zhì jìn dài。
sòng、 jīn、 yuán shí qī yīnyuè
sòng、 jīn、 yuán shí qī yīnyuè wén huà de fā zhǎn yǐ shì mín yīnyuè de bó xīng wéi zhòng yào biāo zhì， jiào suí táng yīnyuè dé dào gèng wéi shēn rù de fā zhǎn。 suí zhe dū shì shāng pǐn jīng jì de fán róng， shì yìng shì mín jiē céng wén huà shēng huó de yóu yì chǎng " wǎ shè "、 " gòu lán " yìng yùn 'ér shēng。 zài " wǎ shè "、 " gòu lán " zhōng rén men kě yǐ tīng dào jiào shēng、 piào chàng、 xiǎo chàng、 chàng zuàn děng yì shù gē qū de yǎn chàng； yě kě yǐ kàn dào shuō chàng lèi yīnyuè zhǒng lèi yá cí、 táo zhēn、 gǔ zǐ cí、 zhū gōng diào， yǐ jí zá jù、 yuàn běn de biǎo yǎn； kě wèi zhēng qí dǒu yàn、 bǎi huā qí fàng。 zhè dāng zhōng chàng zuàn zhōng de chán lìng、 chán dá liǎng zhǒng qū shì jié gòu duì hòu shì xìqǔ yǐ jí qì lè de qū shì jié gòu yòu zhe yī dìng de yǐng xiǎng。 ér gǔ zǐ cí zé yǐng xiǎng dào hòu shì de shuō chàng yīnyuè gǔ cí。 zhū gōng diào shì zhè yī shí qī chéng shú qǐ lái de dà xíng shuō chàng qǔzhǒng。 qí zhōng gē chàng zhàn liǎo jiào zhòng de fènliàng。
chéng suí táng qǔzǐ cí fā zhǎn de yí xù， sòng dài cí tiáoyīn lè huò dé liǎo kōng qián de fā zhǎn。 zhè zhǒng cháng duǎn jù de gē chàng wén xué tǐ cái kě yǐ fēn wéi yǐn、 màn、 jìn、 pāi、 lìng děng děng cí pái xíng shì。 zài tián cí de shǒu fǎ shàng yǐ jīng yòu liǎo " tān pò "、 " jiǎn zì "、 " tōu shēng " děng。 nán sòng jiāng kuí shì jì huì zuò cí， yòu néng yǐ cí dù qū de zhù míng cí jiā、 yīnyuè jiā。 tā yòu shí qī shǒu zì dù qū hé yī shǒu jiǎn zì pǔ de qín gē《 gǔ yuàn》 chuán shì。 zhè xiē zuò pǐn duō biǎo dá liǎo zuò zhě guān huái zǔ guó rén mín de xīn qíng， miáo huì chū qīng yōu bēi liáng de yì jìng， rú《 yáng zhōu màn》、《 gé xī méi lìng》、《 xìng huā tiān yǐng》 děng děng。 sòng dài de gǔ qín yīn lè yǐ guō chǔ wàng de dài biǎo zuò《 xiāo xiāng shuǐ yún》 kāi gǔ qín liú pài zhī xiān hé。 zuò pǐn biǎo xiàn liǎo zuò zhě 'ài liàn zǔ guó shān hé de 'àng rán yì qù。 zài gōng xián yuèqì de fā zhǎn cháng hé zhōng， sòng dài chū xiàn liǎo " mǎyǐ hú qín " de jìzǎi。
dào liǎo yuán dài， mín zú yuèqì sān xián de chū xiàn zhí dé zhù yì。 zài lè xué lǐ lùn shàng sòng dài chū xiàn liǎo yàn lè yīn jiē de jìzǎi。 tóng shí， zǎo qī de gōng chǐ pǔ pǔ shì yě zài zhāng yán《 cí yuán》 hé shěn kuò de《 mèng xī bǐ tán》 zhōng chū xiàn。 jìn dài tōng xíng de yī zhǒng gōng chǐ pǔ zhí jiē dǎo yuán yú cǐ shí。 sòng dài hái shì zhōng guó xìqǔ qū yú chéng shú de shí dài。 tā de biāo zhì shì nán sòng shí nán xì de chū xiàn。 nán xì yòu chēng wēn zhōu zá jù、 yǒng jiā zá jù， qí yīnyuè fēng fù 'ér zì rán。 zuì chū shí yī xiē mín jiān xiǎo diào， yǎn chàng shí kě yǐ bù shòu gōng diào de xiàn zhì。 hòu lái fā zhǎn wéi qǔpái tǐ xìqǔ yīn lè shí， hái chū xiàn liǎo zǔ zhì bù tóng qǔpái de ruò gān lè jù gòu chéng yī zhǒng xīn qū pái de " jí qū " xíng shì。 nán xì zài yǎn chàng xíng shì shàng yǐ yòu dú chàng、 duì chàng、 hé chàng děng duō zhǒng。 chuán shì de sān zhǒng nán xì jù běn《 zhāng xié zhuàng yuán》 děng jiàn yú《 yǒng lè dàqǔ》。 xìqǔ yì shù zài yuán dài chū xiàn liǎo yǐ yuán zá jù wéi dài biǎo de gāo fēng。 yuán zá jù de xīng shèng zuì chū zài běi fāng， jiàn cì xiàng nán fāng fā zhǎn， yǔ nán fāng xìqǔ fā shēng jiāo róng。 dài biǎo xìng de yuán zá jù zuò jiā yòu guān hàn qīng、 mǎ zhì yuǎn、 zhèng guāng zǔ、 bái pǔ， lìng wài hái yòu wáng shí fǔ、 qiáo jí fǔ， shì chēng liù dà jiā。 diǎn xíng zuò pǐn rú guān hàn qīng de《 dòu 'é yuān》，《 dān dāo huì》， wáng shí fǔ de《 xī xiāng jì》。 yuán zá jù yòu yán gé de jié gòu， jí měi bù zuò pǐn yóu sì zhé（ mù） yī xiē zǐ（ xù mù huò zhě guò chǎng） gòu chéng。 yī zhé nèi xiàn yòng tóng yī gōng diào， yī yùn dào dǐ， cháng yóu yī gè juésè（ mò huò dàn） zhù chàng， zhè xiē guī zé， yòu shí yě yòu tū pò， rú wáng shí fǔ de《 xī xiāng jì》 dá wǔ běn 'èr shí zhé。 yuán zá jù duì nán fāng xìqǔ de yǐng xiǎng， zào chéng nán xì（ yuán míng zhī jì jiào zuò chuán qí） de jìn yī bù chéng shú。 chū xiàn liǎo yī xì liè diǎn xíng jù zuò， rú《 bài yuè tíng》、《 pí pá jì》 děng děng。 zhè xiē jù běn jīng lì dài liú chuán， zhì jīn réng zài shàng yǎn。 dāng shí nán běi qū de fēng gé yǐ jīng chū bù què lì， yǐ qī shēng yīn jiē wéi zhù de běi qū chén xióng； yǐ wǔ shēng yīn jiē wéi zhù de nán qū róu wǎn。 suí zhe yuán dài xìqǔ yì shù de fā zhǎn， chū xiàn liǎo zuì zǎo de zǒng jié xìqǔ yǎn chàng lǐ lùn de zhuān zhù， jí yàn nán zhī 'ān de《 chàng lùn》， ér zhōu dé qīng de《 zhōng yuán yīn yùn》 zé shì běi qū zuì zǎo de yùn shū， tā bǎ běi fāng yǔ yán fēn wéi shí jiǔ gè yùn bù， bìng qiě bǎ zì diào fēn wéi yīn píng、 yáng píng、 shàng shēng、 qù shēng sì zhǒng。 zhè duì hòu shì yīn yùn xué de yán jiū yǐ jí xìqǔ shuō chàng yīnyuè de fā zhǎn jūn yòu hěn dà de yǐng xiǎng。
míng、 qīng shí qī yīnyuè
yóu yú míng qīng shè huì yǐ jīng jù yòu zī běn zhù yì jīng jì yīn sù de méng yá， shì mín jiē céng rì yì zhuàng dà， yīnyuè wén huà de fā zhǎn gèng jù yòu shì sú huà de tè diǎn míng dài de mín jiān xiǎoqǔ nèi róng fēng fù， suī rán liáng yǒu bù qí， dàn qí yǐng xiǎng zhī guǎng， yǐ jīng dá dào " bù wèn nán nǚ "， " rén rén xí zhī " de chéng dù。 yóu cǐ， sī rén shōu jí biān ji， kān kè xiǎoqǔ chéng fēng， ér qiě cóng mín gē xiǎoqǔ dào chàng běn， xì wén， qín qū jūn yòu sī rén kān běn wèn shì。 rú féng mèng lóng biān ji de《 shān gē》， zhū quán biān ji de zuì zǎo de qín qū《 shén qí mì pǔ》 děng。
míng qīng shí qī shuō chàng yīnyuè yì cǎi fēn chéng。 qí zhōng nán fāng de táncí， běi fāng de gǔ cí， yǐ jí pái zǐ qū， qín shū， dào qíng lèi de shuō chàng qǔzhǒng gèng wéi zhòng yào。 nán fāng xiù lì de táncí yǐ sū zhōu táncí yǐng xiǎng zuì dà。 zài qīng dài， sū zhōu chū xiàn liǎo yǐ chén yù gān wéi dài biǎo de cāng liáng xióng jìn de chén diào； yǐ mǎ rú fēi wéi dài biǎo de shuǎng zhí hān chàng de mǎ diào； yǐ yú xiù shān wéi dài biǎo de xiù lì róu wǎn de yú diào zhè sān gè zhòng yào liú pài。 yǐ hòu yòu fán yǎn chū xǔ duō xīn de liú pài。 běi fāng de gǔ cí yǐ shān dōng dà gǔ， jì zhōng de mù bǎn dà gǔ、 xī hé dà gǔ、 jīng yùn dà gǔ jiào wéi zhòng yào。 ér pái zǐ qū lèi de shuō chàng yòu dān xián， hé nán dà diào qǔzǐ děng； qín shū lèi shuō chàng yòu shān dōng qín shū， sì chuān yáng qín děng； dào qíng lèi shuō chàng yòu zhè jiāng dào qíng， shǎn xī dào qíng， hú běi yú gǔ děng， shǎo shù mín zú yě chū xiàn liǎo yī xiē shuō chàng qū rú měnggǔ shuō shū、 bái zú de dà běn qū。 míng qīng shí qī gē wǔ yīn lè zài gè zú rén mín zhōng yòu jiào dà de fā zhǎn， rú hàn zú de gè zhǒng yāng gē， wéi wú 'ěr zú dēng mù kǎ mǔ， zàngzú de náng mǎ， zhuàng zú de tóng gǔ wǔ， dǎi zú de kǒng què wǔ， yí zú de tiào yuè， miáo zú de lú shēng wǔ děng děng。 yǐ shēng qiāng de liú bù wéi tè diǎn， míng qīng xìqǔ yīnyuè chū xiàn liǎo xīn de fā zhǎn gāo fēng。 míng chū sì dà shēng qiāng yòu hǎi yán、 yú yáo、 yì yáng、 kūn shān zhū qiāng， qí zhōng de kūn shān qiāng jīng yóu jiāng sū tài cāng wèi liáng fǔ děng rén de gǎi gé， yǐ qǔdiào xì nì liú chàng， fā yīn jiǎng jiū zì tóu、 zì fù、 zì wěi 'ér yíng dé rén men de xǐ 'ài。 kūn shān qiāng yòu jīng guò nán běi qū de huì liú， xíng chéng liǎo yī shí wéi xìqǔ zhī guān de kūn jù。 zuì zǎo de kūn jù jù mù shì míng liáng chén yú de《 huàn shā jì》， qí yú zhòng yào de jù mù rú míng tānɡ xiǎn zǔ de《 mǔ dān tíng》、 qīng hóng shēng de《 cháng shēng diàn》 děng。 yì yáng qiāng yǐ qí líng huó duō biàn de tè diǎn duì gè dì de fāng yán xiǎo xì fā shēng zhòng yào yǐng xiǎng， shǐ dé gè dì xiǎo xì rì yì zēng duō， rú gè zhǒng gāo qiāng xì。 míng mò qīng chū， běi fāng yǐ shǎn xī xī qín qiāng wéi dài biǎo de bāng zǐ qiāng dé dào hěn kuài de fā zhǎn， tā yǐng xiǎng dào shān xī de pú zhōu bāng zǐ、 shǎn xī de tóng zhōu bāng zǐ、 hé běi bāng zǐ、 hé nán bāng zǐ。 zhè zhǒng gāo kàng、 háo shuǎng de bāng zǐ qiāng zài běi fāng gè shěng jīng jiǔ bù shuāi。 wǎn qīng， yóu xī pí hé 'èr huáng liǎng zhǒng jī běn qǔdiào gòu chéng de pí huáng qiāng， zài běi jīng chū bù xíng chéng， yóu cǐ， chǎn shēng liǎo yǐng xiǎng biàn jí quán guó de jīng jù。
míng qīng shí qī， qì lè de fā zhǎn biǎo xiàn wèimín jiànchū xiàn liǎo duō zhǒng qì lè hé zòu de xíng shì。 rú běi jīng de zhì huà sì guǎn lè， hé běi chuī gē， jiāng nán sī zhú， shí fān luó gǔ děng děng。 míng dài de《 píng shā luò yàn》、 qīng dài de《 liú shuǐ》 děng qín qū yǐ jí yī pī fēng fù de qín gē《 yáng guān sān dié》、《 hú qié shí bā pāi》 děng guǎng wéi liú chuán。 pí pá yuèqǔ zì yuán mò míng chū yòu《 hǎi qīng ná tiān 'é》 yǐ jí《 shí miàn mái fú》 děng míng qū wèn shì， zhì qīng dài hái chū xiàn liǎo huá qiū píng biān ji de zuì zǎo de《 pí pá pǔ》。 míng dài mò yè， zhù míng de yuèlǜ xué jiā zhū zài yù jì suàn chū shí 'èr píng jūn lǜ de xiāng lín liǎng gè lǜ（ bàn yīn） jiān de cháng dù bǐ zhí， jīng què dào 'èr shí wǔ wèi shù zì， zhè yī lǜ xué shàng de chéng jiù zài shì jiè shàng shì shǒu chuàng。
【 yīnyuè lè lǐ】
yīnyuè de fā zhǎn shì méi yòu xiàn zhì yǔ fàn wéi de， dàn shì yīnyuè shì yòu shí jiān xìng de， suǒ yǐ ruò zhǐ kào kǒu 'ěr xiāng chuán， nán miǎn huì yòu yī xiē chā cuò， jiǔ 'ér jiǔ zhī， biàn wú fǎ bǎo chí yuán lái lè qū de yuán wèi。 yīn cǐ， qián rén biàn fā míng liǎo gè zhǒng yīnyuè fú hào， lì yòng zhè xiē fú hào zǔ chéng liǎo yuèpǔ， hòu rén jiù kě yǐ lì yòng zhè xiē pǔ， yǎn zòu chū yǔ zuò zhě yì sī xiāng tóng de yīnyuè， ér jì lù zài yuèpǔ shàng de gè zhǒng fú hào jí guī zé， jiù chēng wéi lè lǐ。
zhōng guó gǔ dài yīnyuè shǔ yú wǔ shēng yīn jiē tǐ xì， wǔ shēng yīn jiē shàng de wǔ gè jí bèi chēng wéi“ wǔ shēng”， jí gōng（ do）、 shāng（ re）、 jiǎo（ mi）、 zhǐ（ sol）、 yǔ（ la）。 bǐ jiào zhù míng de zhōng guó gǔ dài yīnyuè yòu《 guǎng líng sàn》、《 gāo shān liú shuǐ》、《 méi huā sān nòng》 děng。
【 mín zú yuèqì】
《 zhōu lǐ · chūn guān》 zhōng bǎ yuèqì fēn wéi jīn、 shí、 tǔ、 gé、 sī、 mù、 páo、 zhú bā lèi， chēng“ bā yīn”， yě shì zuì zǎo de yuèqì fēn lèi fǎ zhī yī。
jīn yīn bāo kuò biān zhōng、 tè zhōng、 náo
shí yīn bāo kuò biān qìng、 tè qìng
tǔ yīn bāo kuò xūn
gé yīn bāo kuò gǔ
sī yīn bāo kuò gǔ qín、 gǔ sè
mù yīn bāo kuò zhù、 yǔ
páo yīn bāo kuò shēng、 yú
zhú yīn bāo kuò xiāo、 dí、 guǎn、 chí
biān zhōng、 qìng zhè liǎng zhǒng yuèqì suǒ fā chū de yīn xiǎng qīng cuì míng liàng， bèi chēng wéi“ jīn shí zhī shēng”， shì guān fāng rèn kě de“ zuì gāo yǎ de shēng yīn”。 xiàn zài suǒ shuō de sī zhú jiù shì sī yīn hé zhú yīn de jiǎn chēng。
gǔ dài yuèqì zhù yào yòu xūn、 fǒu、 zhù、 pái xiāo、 kōng hóu、 zhēng、 gǔ qín、 sè děng， yuèqǔ yī bān huǎn màn yōu yáng， zhù yào shì wèile shì hé gōng tíng shēng huó huò zōng jiào de xū yào。
dào hàn cháo hé táng cháo yǐ hòu， zhōng guó tōng guò xī yù hé guó wài de jiāo liú pín fán， xī fāng zhù yào shì yī sī lán jiào shì jiè hé yìn dù de yīnyuè héyuè qì dà liàng liú rù， hàn táng shí zhōng guó qiáng dà， xīn xiōng kuān guǎng， shàn yú xī shōu qí tā wén huà， yuán yú wài guó de yuèqì rú dí zǐ、 bì lì、 pí pá、 hú qín děng dà liàng wéi zhōng guó yīnyuè cǎi nà， bìng bèi zhōng guó rén gǎi liáng fā zhǎn， zhú jiàn tì dài liǎo zhōng guó yuán lái de běn tǔ yuèqì。 chú liǎo gǔ qín yī zhí bèi wén rén chǒng 'ài， dé yǐ yuèqì liú chuán， zhèng shì zài“ mín lè” gōng zhòng zhōng yǎn chū de yuèqì jīhū dōushì wài lái de。 jìn nián lái， yīnyuè gōng zuò zhě zhì lì yú fā jué、 gǎi liáng gǔ dài yuèqì， xūn、 zhēng、 pái xiāo děng yuèqì chóngxīn fā huī guāng cǎi， dàn jiào shǎo nà rù mín zú yuèduì de hé zòu qū mù。
【 jìn dài yīnyuè】
19 shì jì mò， zhōng guó bèi pò kāi fàng nán fāng yán hǎi， kāi shǐ jiē chù xī fāng yīnyuè héyuè qì， guǎng dōng yīnyuè shǒu dāng qí chōng， shǒu xiān xī shōu xī fāng hé shēng fāng fǎ， chuàng zào liǎo xīn lè qì yáng qín hé mù qín， fā zhǎn liǎo yuèduì hé zòu de yīnyuè， zhì jīn guǎng dōng yīnyuè réng rán yòu qí dú tè de mèi lì， shì zhōng xī jié hé bǐ jiào chéng gōng de diǎn fàn。
1838 dào 1903 nián ( jí xiá yì de“ xué táng yuègē” yùn dòng xīng qǐ qián de liù shí duō nián ) jiào huì yīnyuè yě duì zhōng guó xiàn dài yīnyuè jiào yù chǎn shēng liǎo jù dà yǐng xiǎng。 zài yā piàn zhàn zhēng hòu， chuán jiào shì fù huá shù liàng zēng jiā， xī fāng chuán jiào shì zài zhōng guó chuán jiào shí， wǎng wǎng yòng chàng shèng shī lái zuò wéi fǔ zhù fāng fǎ， yīn cǐ bàn yīn děng gài niàn dū dé dào liǎo chuán bō。
mín jiān yīnyuè jiā wéi zhōng guóyuè qì de yǎn zòu fā zhǎn chuàng zào liǎo xīn de jiē duàn， èr hú zuòqǔ jiā liú tiān huá chuàng zuò liǎo dà liàng de 'èr hú dú zòu qū， rú《 liáng xiāo》、《 guāng míng xíng》、《 jiāng hé shuǐ》 děng， yǎn zòu jiā huá yàn jūn（ xiā zǐ 'ā bǐng） chuàng zuò liǎo《 èr quán yìng yuè》 děng 'èr hú hé pí pá qū。 jìn guǎn dāng shí shí shì dòng luàn， dàn zhōng guó mín zú yīnyuè bù lùn zài dú zòu héyuè duì hé zòu fāng miàn dōuyòu hěn dà de fā zhǎn。
1910 nián dài dào 1920 nián dài de xīn wén huà yùn dòng qī jiān， hěn duō dào hǎi wài liú xué de zhōng guó yīnyuè jiā huí guó zhī hòu， kāi shǐ yǎn zòu 'ōu zhōu gǔ diǎn yīnyuè， yě kāi shǐ yòng wǔ xiàn pǔ jì lù xīn zuò pǐn。 dà chéng shì lǐ zǔ chéng liǎo xīn xīng jiāo xiǎng yuètuán， hùn hé 'ōu zhōu gǔ diǎn yīn lè hé jué shì lè， zài yīnyuè tīng hé shōu yīn jī lǐ fēi cháng liú xíng。 zài 1930 nián dài de shàng hǎi dá dào qí dǐng shèng shí qī。
suī rán shǐ yòng xī fāng de yuèqì hé yīnyuè shǒu duàn， dàn tōng sú yīnyuè réng rán shì yǐ zhōng guó de fāng shì， jí xuán lǜ wéi zhù， wǔ shēng yīn jiē wéi zhù， cái néng shòu dào zuì duō rén de xǐ 'ài。 zhōu xuán shì dāng shí zuì shòu huān yíng de biǎo yǎn jiā zhī yī， shì dāng shí tōng sú yīnyuè de dài biǎo， qí wéi diàn yǐng《 mǎ lù tiān shǐ》 yǎn chàng de zhù tí gē《 tiān yá gē nǚ》 hé《 sì jì gē》 yī shí jí wéi liú xíng， fú hé dāng shí de mín zhòng de kàng rì qíng xù， bèi chēng wéi“ jīn sǎng zǐ”。
zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó jiàn lì zhī hòu， liú xíng gēqǔ chú gé mìng gēqǔ zhī hòu， yòu jiā rù fān yì chéng zhōng wén de sū lián liú xíng gēqǔ。 gè dì kāi shǐ jiàn lì jiāo xiǎng qū tuán， yǎn zòu xī fāng gǔ diǎn yīnyuè， hé zhōng guó zuòqǔ jiā de xīn zuò。 dōng 'ōu de yuètuán céng duō cì dào zhōng guó biǎo yǎn， zhōng guóyuè tuán yě cān jiā liǎo xǔ duō guó jì biǎo yǎn huì。 zhōng guó yīnyuè jiā yě cháng shì yòng xī fāng de yuèqì fāng fǎ xiě zuò jù yòu zhōng guó fēng wèi de yīnyuè， bǐ jiào chéng gōng de yòu xiǎo tí qín xié zòu qū《 liáng zhù》， cǎi nà liǎo yuè jù de bù fēn xuán lǜ。
hé dì sān shì jiè de guó jiā jiāo wǎng yě bù duàn zēng jiā， wèicǐ chéng lì liǎo dōng fāng gē wǔ tuán， zhuān mén xué xí、 yǎn chàng yà zhōu、 fēi zhōu hé lā dīng měi zhōu guó jiā gè mín zú de mín gē yuèqǔ， zài zhōng guó guǎng shòu huān yíng， cóng cǐ fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de yīnyuè kāi shǐ duì zhōng guó yīnyuè chǎn shēng yǐng xiǎng。 zhōng guó mín zú yuèduì de pèi qì、 hé zòu fāng shì yě jī běn dìng xíng， chǎn shēng liǎo bù shàochéng gōng de mín zú qì lè jiāo xiǎng qū。
jìn nián lái， zhōng guó de mín zú yīnyuè kāi shǐ shòu dào shì jiè gè guó de guǎng fàn guān zhù， měi nián chūn jié， dū huì bèi yāo qǐng dào wéi yě nà jīn sè dà tīng jǔ xíng zhōng guó xīn nián yīnyuè huì， bìng zuò wú xū xí。
zài tái wān de xiào yuán gēqǔ hé xiāng gǎng dèng lì jūn kāi chuàng de yǎn chàng fāng shì， shǐ zhōng guó tōng sú yīnyuè fā zhǎn dào yī gè gāo fēng， jù yòu zhōng guó yīnyuè dú tè de fēng gé hé mèi lì， dèng lì jūn zài měi guó kāi yǎn chàng huì shí， xī yǐn dé xǔ duō wǔ tái jù wù měi guó rén zài hòu tái quán chéng xīn shǎng， suī rán tā men tīng bù dǒng zhōng guó chàng cí。
【 gé mìng yīnyuè】
zài běi fá zhàn zhēng shí qī， zhōng guó de yīnyuè jiā pèi hé gé mìng， zuò liǎo dà liàng de gé mìng gēqǔ， zài guó mín gé mìng jūn zhōng guǎng wéi chuán chàng， yòu de shì yòng guó wài tōng sú gēqǔ xuán lǜ zhí jiē pèi yǐ gé mìng gē cí。
zài kàng rì zhàn zhēng shí qī， yīnyuè jiā gèng shì tóng chóu dí kài， xiě zuò liǎo dà liàng de kàng rì gēqǔ。 xiǎn xīng hǎi de《 huáng hé dà hé chàng》 qì shì bàng bó， fǎn yìng liǎo dāng shí quán mín kàng rì de jīng shén。 niè 'ěr wéi diàn yǐng pèiqǔ zuò de《 yì yǒng jūn jìn xíng qū》 gèng shì xióng zhuàng， chéng wéi kàng rì jūn mín de jūn gē bèi dào chù chuán chàng， zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó chéng lì hòu， wèile jū 'ān sī wēi， bù wàng zhōng huá mín zú rú hé dǐ kàng wài guó qīn lüè， jiāng yì yǒng jūn jìn xíng qū dìng wéi guó gē。
1942 nián yán 'ān huì yì zhī hòu， gòng chǎn dǎng kòng zhì de dì qū kāi shǐ bǎ dāng dì mín gē gǎi xiě chéng gé mìng gēqǔ， rú shǎn xī mín gē《 dōng fāng hóng》。 gǎi xiě de mùdì shì zài dà duō shì wén máng de nóng mín rén kǒu zhōng chuán bō gòng chǎn zhù yì sī xiǎng。
wén gé qī jiān， xī fāng yīnyuè， yóu qí shì sū lián yīnyuè yòu bù hé fǎ liǎo。 chóngxīn liú xíng gé mìng gēqǔ hé suǒ wèi de“ yǔ lù gē”， jiā shàng dú cái de“ yàng bǎn xì”， hé guó wài de jiāo wǎng jīhū tíng zhǐ， shèn zhì zài huān yíng měi guó zǒng tǒng ní kè sōng de yàn huì shàng， yuèduì yǎn zòu měi guó gēqǔ《 cǎo duī shàng de huǒ jī》， dāng shí de wén huà bù cháng dōuyào xiàng zǒng lǐ kàng yì， dà lù zhōng guó yīnyuè jìn rù yī gè dī gǔ shí qī。 kě yīnyuè de fā zhǎn yě bù shì wán quán tíng zhì bù qián。
wén gé qī jiān de“ yàng bǎn xì” suī rán guò yú bà dào， dàn jiāng xī fāng guǎn xián yuèduì yǐn rù wéi jīng jù bàn zòu， chǎn shēng liǎo tè shū de xiào guǒ， zài hún hòu de guǎn xián lè bèi jǐng xià de jīng hú hé pí gǔ shēng， gèng tū chū liǎo jīng jù yīnyuè tè diǎn， yě shì yī zhǒng zhōng xī jié hé de fā zhǎn。 yóu qí shì“ dǎ hǔ shàng shān” guò mén zhōng de yuán hào dú zòu， hé hòu miàn jīng hú chàng qiāng hún rán tiān chéng， hěn zhí dé xīn shǎng。
【 liú xíng yīnyuè】
zì zhōng guó gǎi gé kāi fàng yǐ lái， liú xíng yīnyuè shǒu xiān cóng xiāng gǎng jí tái wān dì qū jìn rù zhōng guó， yóu qí shì tái wān de xiào yuán gēqǔ hé dèng lì jūn yǎn chàng de gēqǔ， zài dà lù zhōng guó dà shòu huān yíng。 céng zài zhōng guó zhōng yāng diàn shì tái chūn jié lián huān wǎn huì yǎn chū de zhāng míng mǐn de《 wǒ de zhōng guó xīn》 zài zhōng guó yī pào zǒu hóng， zhè yě shì zhōng guó dà lù dì yī cì gōng kāi de gǎng tái gēqǔ yǎn chū。 cǐ hòu， zhōng guó de liú xíng gēqǔ yǔ shì jiè qí tā dì qū de gè zhǒng fēng gé、 gè zhǒng liú pài de yīnyuè jié hé， chǎn shēng liǎo bù shǎo kuài zhì rén kǒu de gēqǔ。 xiàn zài， zhōng guó de liú xíng yīnyuè fā zhǎn xùn sù， chéng wéi shì jiè liú xíng yīnyuè zhōng yī zhī bù kě dī gū de shēng lì jūn。
tái wān hé xiāng gǎng de liú xíng yīnyuè fā zhǎn fēi cháng xùn sù， jī běn hé guó jì liú xíng qū shì tóng bù， yóu qí shì xiāng gǎng， yīn wéi zhèng fǔ bù gān rǎo yīnyuè de chuàng zuò， chū xiàn liǎo xǔ duō zhù míng de gē shǒu hègē qū， bù jǐn fēngmǐ dà lù zhōng guó， ér qiě shòu dào rì běn、 hán guó děng dì gē mí de chóng bài。
jìn nián lái， dà lù、 tái wān、 xiāng gǎng yǐ jí quán qiú qí tā dì qū de huá rén liú xíng yīnyuè bù duàn jiāo liú， kāi shǐ chū xiàn hù xiāng róng hé、 huì jù de qū shì。 yīn cǐ， kāi shǐ chū xiàn“ quán qiú huá yǔ liú xíng yīnyuè” de zǒng tǐ chēng wèi。 yī gè tū chū de biǎo xiàn： zhōng guó dà lù zuò wéi quán qiú zuì dà de xiāo fèi shì chǎng zhī yī， gǎng tái、 hǎi wài gè dà liú xíng yīnyuè bǎng dān de fā bù hé biān zhì yuè lái yuè duō dì kāi shǐ guān zhù dà lù shì chǎng。
zhí dé zhù yì de shì， zài liú xíng yīnyuè dāng zhōng， yòu zhe yī zhǒng mín yáo xìng zhì de yīnyuè， tā men de diǎn xíng dài biǎo shì xiào yuán mín yáo、 dū shì mín yáo、 jūn yíng mín yáo， zhè xiē mín yáo yīnyuè zài liú xíng yīnyuè dāng zhōng yì zhàn yòu yī xí zhī dì， céng jīng dōuyòu guò qí huī huáng de suì yuè， mín yáo chún pǔ de qǔdiào， tōng sú de gē cí tóng yàng gǎn dòng liǎo hěn duō rén。
【 shuō chàng yīnyuè】
zhè zhǒng yīnyuè shì yǐ yī duàn gù dìng de xuán lǜ、 jié zòu， pèi shàng hé chéng qì、 guā chàngpiān hé kuài dé tīng bù dǒng de shuō chàng suǒ zǔ chéng， hěn duō rén jué dé tài guài yì、 tài dān diào， suǒ yǐ yù cè tā wéi chí bù liǎo duō jiǔ， kě shì shì shí zhèng míng， cóng tā fā zhǎn dào xiàn zài suǒ yòu zhèng shì de yīnyuè bān jiǎng lǐ jí gēqǔ páiháng bǎng shàng dōuyòu shuō chàng zhè gè xiàng mùdì xì fēn， xiàng Billboard de nián dù shuō chàng zhuān ji dà jiǎng biàn shì liǎo jiě měi guó shuō chàng liú xíng qū shì de zuì jiā zhǐ nán。 xǔ duō rén rèn wéi suǒ yòu de shuō chàng yīnyuè tīng qǐ láidōu shì yī yàng de， qí shí bù rán。 nǐ yào xiān qù tīng shuō chàng suǒ biǎo xiàn chū lái de jié zòu hé yā yùn de gǎn jué， zài qù liǎo jiě tā yào biǎo dá de nèi róng。 bǐ rú shuō bāng fěi shuō chàng， tā men fǎn kàng shè huì、 dài yòu míng xiǎn de zhǒng zú zhù yì qīng xiàng、 zhèng zhì huà， zhuān mén tiǎo zhèng fǔ shì fēi。 ér qiě zhè xiē gē shǒu dà duō dōuyòu dì fāng bāng pài de bèi jǐng， zài jiā shàng yòu shuō chàng de tiān fù cái néng chū chàngpiān。 yīn cǐ tā men de huà tí zǒng shì wéi rào zài qiāng xiè、 dú pǐn、 bào lì hé shēng cún de huà tí shàng， dàn bù lùn rú hé， zhè xiē shuō chàng fēng gé de xíng chéng， chōng fēn biǎo xiàn chū měi guó hēi rén de xīn shēng jí bù mǎn。 rèn hé yòu huà xiǎng shuō， qiě jù yòu cái huá de nián qīng rén， dōukě yǐ zài bù tóng de shuō chàng xíng shì zhōng， zhǎo dào zì jǐ de tiān kōng。
【 mín zú yīnyuè】
xiá yì shàng de zhōng guó mín zú yīnyuè zhǐ de shì hàn zú yīnyuè， jiǎn chēng“ mín lè”。 zhōng guó de shǎo shù mín zú yīnyuè què yòu zhe gèng duō de yàng shì hé nèi róng， rú zàngzú yīnyuè、 měnggǔ zú yīnyuè、 zhuàng zú yīnyuè děng。
zàngzú yīnyuè
zàngzú shì gè néng gē shàn wǔ de mín zú， tā men de gēqǔ xuán lǜ yōu měi liáo kuò、 wǎn zhuǎn dòng tīng。 zàngzú yīnyuè dà tǐ shàng kě yǐ fēn wéi fó jiào yīnyuè hé mín jiān yīnyuè。 fó jiào yīnyuè zhōng zuì zhù míng de shì lá má chàng de wú cí de gē sòng qǔdiào。
zàngzú mín gē gāo kàng liáo liàng， tīng qǐ lái jiù yòu gāo yuán lán tiān liáo kuò de qì xiàng， qǔdiào yōu yáng， dàn yě shì yǐ wǔ shēng wéi zhù。 gē wǔ xíng shì yòu“ guǒ xié”、“ guǒ zhuó”（ guō zhuāng） děng。 zàngzú yīnyuè de yī xiē yuán sù bèi hàn zú hé xī fāng yīnyuè suǒ xī shōu。 yòu yī xiē hàn zú gēqǔ zuò zhě mó fǎng zàngzú yīnyuè de tè diǎn chuàng zuò liǎo yī xiē zhū rú《 guàng xīn chéng》、《 qīngzàng gāo yuán》 yī lèi de gēqǔ。 jìn nián lái， xīzàng de zàngzú gēqǔ yě róng rù liǎo qí tā yīnyuè de yuán sù。 zhù míng de zàngzú gē shǒu chú liǎo cái dàn zhuó mǎ hé zhù yào yǎn chàng hàn yǔ gē qū de hán hóng wài， hái yòu róng zhōng 'ěr jiá、 yà dōng、 qióng xuě zhuó mǎ děng dà liàng zài cáng qū zhī míng dù hěn gāo de gē shǒu。
zhèng guī xì jù fāng miàn， xiàn zài yǐ jīng wā jué zhěng lǐ yǎn chū liǎo zàngzú chuán tǒng gē jù《 gé sà 'ěr wáng》。
mǎn zú yīnyuè
zhōng guó de dōng běi hé běi jīng děng dì shì mǎn zú de jù jū dì。 mǎn zú zuì yòu míng de mín jiān yuèqì shì yuán zì qīng cháo de bā jiǎo gǔ。 mǎn zú de yáo lán qū《 yōu yōu zhā》 děng zuò pǐn hěn zhù míng， jīng cháng bèi yòng xiàn dài de hàn yǔ fān chàng。
měnggǔ zú yīnyuè
měnggǔ zú mín gē fēn“ cháng diào mín gē” hé“ duǎn diào mín gē”。“ cháng diào” yòu xǔ duō wú yì yì de xié yīn zì lā cháng chàng qiāng， yòu cǎo yuán kōng kuò de fēng gé。 zuì yòu tè sè de yuèqì shì mǎ tóu qín， shì yī zhǒng lā xián lè qì， yóu yú qín zhù shàng yī bān dū diāo kè yī gè mǎ tóu zhuāng shì， suǒ yǐ yóu cǐ mìng míng。
zhuàng zú yīnyuè
zhuàng zú jù jū qū guǎng xī shì mín gē de gù xiāng， nán nǚ qīng nián jīng cháng duì gē， yòu rén shèn zhì shuō zhuàng zú rén yī shēng chàng gē de shí jiān bǐ shuō huà de shí jiān cháng。 zhuàng zú mín gē jī běn hé hàn zú yīnyuè fēng gé xiāng sì， yǐ wǔ shēng yīn jiē wéi zhù。 gē cí yòu míng xiǎn de duì zhàng gé shì， nèi róng zé yǐ xiàng zhēng、 bǐ yù děng shǒu fǎ biǎo shù， yǐ shēng huó zhōng de jiāo liú wéi zhù， yòu shí gē cí yě yǐn yòng zhōng guó gǔ diǎn gù shì hé diǎn gù。 zhuàng zú yīnyuè kě yǐ zài diàn yǐng yīnyuè jù《 liú sān jiě》 zhōng yī kuī qí miào。
dǎi zú yīnyuè
dǎi zú yīnyuè hé nán yà dì qū miǎn diàn、 tài guó de yīnyuè fēng gé lèi sì， qǔdiào wǎn zhuǎn róu měi， diǎn xíng de yuèqì shì hú lú sī hé xiàng jiǎo gǔ， hú lú sī dú tè de yīn sè yī yǎn zòu jiù shì dǎi zú de yīnyuè fēng gé。
nà xī gǔ lè
nà xī gǔ lè shì zài yún nán lì jiāng nà xī zú lǎo rén zhōng jiān yǎn zòu de yīnyuè， jù shuō shì cóng míng cháo shí zhōng yuán dì qū chuán rù de， yóu yú dāng dì yuán lái jiāo tōng bù biàn， hé wài jiè jiāo wǎng bù duō， shǐ zhōng yuán zhī yuán wèi dì liú chuán xià lái， xiàn zài zhǐ yòu yī pī lǎo rén yuèduì kě yǐ yǎn zòu， zhèng zài péi yǎng jiē bān rén， shì zhōng guó 14 shì jì yīnyuè de huó huà shí， shòu dào yīnyuè jiè de guǎng fàn guān zhù。
dòng zú yīnyuè
dòng zú“ dà gē” shì zhōng guó wéi yī cǎi yòng hé shēng de mín gē xì tǒng， jī běn wéi nǚ shēng wú bàn zòu hé chàng， yóu gè shēng bù sǎng yīn de hé shēng pèi hé fēi cháng hé xié， céng zài guó jì yǐn qǐ hōng dòng， bìng duō cì huò jiǎng。
wéi wú 'ěr zú yīnyuè
wéi wú 'ěr zú yīnyuè jī běn shì 'ā lā bó yīnyuè fēng gé， fēi cháng zhù zhòng jié zòu， yòng shǒu gǔ kě yǐ dǎ chū duō dá jǐ shí zhǒng bù tóng de jié zòu， yuèqì zhù yào shì shì hé zài mǎ shàng tánzòu dedōu tā 'ěr hé rè wǎ fǔ， zuì dà de shì dōng bù lā。 wéi wú 'ěr zú de chuán tǒng yīnyuè《 shí 'èr mù kǎ mǔ》 bāo luó wàn xiàng， shì xǔ duō mín jiān yīnyuè de yuán tóu。
tǎ jí kè zú yīnyuè
tǎ jí kè zú yīn lè hé hàn zú yīnyuè yòu jiào dà de qū bié， shàn yú yùn yòng bàn yīn， xuán lǜ wǎn zhuǎn duō biàn， rú tóng shān yīng gāo míng， zuì diǎn xíng de shì zuòqǔ jiā léi zhèn bāng wéi diàn yǐng《 bīng shān shàng de lái kè》 pèi de gēqǔ， wán quán yùn yòng liǎo tǎ jí kè mín gē de xuán lǜ。
cháo xiān zú yīnyuè
cháo xiān zú yīn lè hé cháo xiān、 hán guó de yīnyuè jī běn xiāng tóng， zhù yào yuèqì yòu cháng gǔ hé gā yē qín。 gā yē qín lèi sì zhōng guó gǔ dài de zhēng， bǐ xiàn dài de zhēng xiǎo， dàn fǎ yě bù yī yàng， shì fàng dào pán zuò de xī gài shàng dàn。 yīnyuè xuán lǜ yòu qí dú tè de fēng gé。
【 xìqǔ yīnyuè】
19 shì jì de jīng jù biǎo yǎn zhōng guó de xìqǔ qǔyì shì zài zhōng guó hěn shòu huān yíng yě jiào wéi pǔ jí de yì shù zhī yī， guǎng dà dì qū dōuyòu zì jǐ de dì fāng xìqǔ。 mù qián， zuì jù dài biǎo xìng de shì fā zhǎn yú běi jīng de jīng jù。 zhōng guó xìqǔ yīnyuè tōng cháng yǐ gāo diào de chàng qiāng wéi zhù， bìng yǐ dí、 pí gǔ、 bāng zǐ、 luó hé jīng hú děng xián lè qì bàn zòu。 qí tā de xìqǔ yīnyuè dài biǎo yòu： hé běi bāng zǐ、 yù jù、 píng jù、 yuè jù、 yuè jù、 kūn qū、 qín qiāng、 huáng méi xì、 gāo jiá xì hé nuó xì děng。 quán zhōng guó gòng yòu 600 duō gè dì fāng xì jù pǐn zhǒng。 kūn qū bèi lián hé guó liè wéi shì jiè kǒu tóu wén huà yí chǎn bǎo hù mù lù。
【 yáo gǔn yīnyuè】
zhōng guó gǎi gé kāi fàng zhī hòu， xī fāng xiàn dài yīnyuè tōng guò gè zhǒng tú jìng chuán rù zhōng guó。 yīnyuè qīng nián huò duō huò shǎo de jiē chù dào yáo gǔn yīnyuè， bìng kāi shǐ zǔ jiàn yuèduì， jìn xíng mó fǎng yǔ chuàng zuò。
zhōng guó de yáo gǔn yīnyuè dì yī cì dēng shàng wǔ tái yīnggāi shuō shì zài 1986 nián 5 yuè 9 rì。 dāng shí zài běi jīng gōng rén tǐ yù guǎn jǔ xíng jì niàn“ '86 guó jì hé píng nián” de zhōng guó bǎi míng gē xīng yǎn chàng huì， míng bù jiàn jīngzhuàn de cuī jiàn shēn zhe cháng guà， bēizhe jí tā， kù jiǎo yī gāo yī dī dì bèng shàng liǎo wǔ tái， zài tái xià guān zhòng mù dèng kǒu dāi zhī jì hǒu chū liǎo“ wǒ céng jīng wèn gè bù xiū / nǐ hé shí gēn wǒ zǒu ……”， jí nà shǒu zhōng guó yáo gǔn zuò pǐn de kāi shān zhī zuò《 yī wú suǒ yòu》。 suí hòu， cuī jiàn biàn bèi chēng zuò zhōng guó yáo gǔn dì yī rén。
80 nián dài mò hé 90 nián dài chū， zhōng guó yáo gǔn yuètán lù xù chū xiàn liǎo rú táng cháo、 hēi bào、 lún huí、 chāo zài、 zhǐ nán zhēn、 běi jīng 1989 děng yuèduì。 dào liǎo 1994 nián， xiāng gǎng hóng kàn tǐ yù guǎn jǔ xíng de“ zhōng guó yáo gǔn lè shì lì” yǎn chàng huì， chéng wéi zhōng guó yáo gǔn shǐ shàng zuì fù jī qíng de yī mù， dāng shí bèi chēng wéi mó yán sān jié de dòu wéi、 zhāng chǔ hé hé yǒng， yǐ jí táng cháo yuèduì jiāng zhōng guó yáo gǔn lè tuī xiàng liǎo yī gè dǐng fēng。 suí hòu de zhōng guó yáo gǔn lè chéng xiàn liǎo fēi cháng dà de fēn huà qū shì， gè zhǒng lè fēng yǐ cì dēng chǎng。 rú zǒu xiàng liú xíng de zhèng jūn、 xǔ wēi hé líng diǎn děng； zǒu dī bǎo zhēn de péng kè yuèduì pán gǔ； huā yàng bèi chū de cāng yíng、 zuǒ xiǎo zǔ zhòu hé wáng lěi； diàn zǐ lè yǔ shuō chàng lè zhú jiàn liú xíng yǐ jí gè zhǒng lè fēng zhī jiān de xiāng hù yǐng xiǎng、 xiāng hù róng hé。 lǎo pái de yuèduì jiě sàn、 zhù yào chéng yuán dān fēi， rú dòu wéi lí kāi hēi bào yuèduì hòu， zǔ jiàn guò zuò mèng yuèduì， yòu hé xǔ duō yuèduì jí xīng yǎn chū hé zuò chàngpiān； yǐ jí xīn lè duì chū xiàn， rú huā 'ér、 xīn kù zǐ、 zǒu yīng shì lù xiàn de mài tián shǒu wàng zhě hé qīng xǐng děng； zhè zhī zhōng yī xiē liú pài shì zhí dé guān zhù de， yǐ běi jīng de zǐ yuē（ xiàn yǐ gēngmíng“ yáo shì · zǐ yuē”） hé dōng běi de 'èr shǒu méi guī wéi dài biǎo de mín sú yáo gǔn zhèng shòu dào yuè lái yuè duō de guān zhù。 zhòng duō chàngpiān gōng sī， rú mó dēng tiān kōng、 jīng wén chàngpiān yǐ jí yú lè gōng sī zài tuī chū xīn yuèshǒu héyuè duì、 jǔ bàn yǎn chàng huì zhōng yě zuò chū liǎo hěn duō cháng shì hé gòng xiàn。
【 xī fāng yīnyuè】
xī fāng yīnyuè shǐ shì zhǐ xī fāng yīnyuè de fā zhǎn lì chéng， xiáng xì de shí dài kě fēn wéi： gǔ xī là luó mǎ shí qī de yīnyuè， zhōng shì jì shí qī de yīnyuè， wén yì fù xīng shí qī de yīnyuè， bā luò kè yīnyuè， gǔ diǎn zhù yì yīnyuè， làng màn yīnyuè， xiàn dài yīnyuè hé xīn shì jì yīnyuè děng děng。
【 xī yáng yuèqì】
jiàn pán yuèqì
gāng qín
fēng qín
guǎn fēng qín
gǔ gāng qín
yǔ guǎn jiàn qín
shǒu fēng qín
diàn zǐ qín
diàn gāng qín
diàn zǐ sān jiǎo gāng qín
bō xián yuèqì
jí tā
diàn jí tā
shù qín
dī yīn jí tā
mù guǎn yuèqì
dān huáng guǎn
shuāng huáng guǎn
yīng guó guǎn
cháng dí
duǎn dí
kǒu qín
bā sōng guǎn
sà kè sī guǎn
huáng fēng qín
shǒu fēng qín
guǎn fēng qín
jué shì fēng qín
tàn gē shǒu fēng qín
pái xiāo
bā sōng guǎn
shé huáng zhí guǎn
tóng guǎn yuèqì
xiǎo hào
duǎn hào
chōng fēng hào
fǎ guó hào
cháng hào
cì zhōng yīn hào
shàng dī yīn hào
dī yīn hào
gōng xián yuèqì
xiǎo tí qín
zhōng tí qín
dà tí qín
dī yīn tí qín
dǎ jī yuèqì
dìng yīn gǔ
mù qín
zhōng qín
mǎ lín bā qín
luó
bó
xiǎo jūn gǔ
dà gǔ
jué shì gǔ
rì běn gǔ
qīng cuì líng
【 jué shì yīnyuè】
zài jué shì lè de qǔdiào zhōng， chú liǎo cóng 'ōu zhōu chuán tǒng yīnyuè、 bái rén de mín yáo hé tōng sú gē qū zhōng xī qǔ de chéngfèn zhī wài， zuì yòu gè xìng de shì“ bù lǔ sī yīn jiē”（ guān yú zhè zhǒng yīn jiē de jié gòu， wǒ men jiāng zài yòu guān bù lǔ sī de bù fēn zhuān mén jiè shào）， ér jué shì lè de hé shēng kě yǐ shuō shì wán quán jiàn lì zài chuán tǒng hé shēng de jī chǔ zhī shàng， zhǐ shì gèng jiā zì yóu dì shǐ yòng gè zhǒng biàn huà hé xián， qí zhōng zhù yào de yǔ zhòng bù tóng zhī chù， yě shì yóu bù lǔ sī hé xián dài lái de。
jué shì lè zài shǐ yòng de yuèqì hé yǎn zòu fāng fǎ shàng jí yòu tè sè， wán quán bù tóng yú chuán tǒng yuèduì。 zì“ jué shì lè shí dài” yǐ lái， sà kè sī guǎn chéng wéi xiāo shòu liàng zuì dà de yuèqì zhī yī； cháng hào néng gòu zòu chū qí tā tóng guǎn yuèqì zuò bù dào de、 huá jī de huò shì guài dàn de huá yīn， yīn 'ér zài jué shì yuèduì zhōng dà chū fēng tóu； xiǎo hào yě shì jué shì yuèshǒu piān 'ài de yuèqì， zhè zhǒng yuèqì jiā shàng bù tóng de ruò yīn qì suǒ chǎn shēng de xīn qí de yīn sè yǐ jí zuì gāo yīn qū de jǐ gè yīn jīhū chéng liǎo jué shì lè dú yòu de yīn sè tè zhēng； gāng qín、 bān zhuó qín、 jí tā yǐ jí hòu lái chū xiàn de diàn jí tā zé yǐ qí dǎ jī shì de yòu lì yīn xiǎng hé yǎn zòu hé xián de néng lì 'ér zhàn jù zhòng yào dì wèi。 xiāng fǎn， zài chuán tǒng yuèduì zhōng zuì zhòng yào de xián lè qì（ xiǎo tí qín、 zhōng tí qín、 dà tí qín） de dì wèi xiāng duì cì yào yī xiē； yuán hào de nóng yù yīn sè zài guǎn xián yuèduì zhōng shì hěn mí rén de， dàn shì duì yú jué shì yuèduì lái shuō， tā de qì zhì tài wēn shùn liǎo， jīhū wú rén shǐ yòng。 zài guǎn xián yuèduì zhōng， měi jiàn yuèqì zài yīn sè hé yīn liàng de kòng zhì shàng dū jìn liàng róng rù zhěng tǐ de yīn xiǎng zhī zhōng， zài jué shì yuèduì zhōng què qià qià xiāng fǎn， yuèshǒu men jié lì shǐ měi yī jiàn yuèqì dū“ zhàn qǐ lái”。
yuèduì de biān zhì hěn líng huó， zuì jī běn de shì liǎng gè bù fēn héng héng jié zòu zǔ yǔ xuán lǜ zǔ。 zài zǎo qī de jué shì yuèduì zhōng， jié zòu zǔ yóu dī yīn hào、 bān zhuó qín hé gǔ zǔ chéng， hòu lái， dī yīn hào hé bān zhuó qín zhú jiàn bèi dī yīn tí qín hé jí tā suǒ qǔ dài， gāng qín yě jiā rù jìn lái。 zài 30 nián dài， xīng qǐ yī zhǒng wǔ qū yuèduì， dāng shí chēng wéi“ dà lè duì”， tā yòu sān bù fēn zǔ chéng： jié zòu zǔ、 tóng guǎn zǔ hé mù guǎn zǔ。 jié zòu zǔ shǐ yòng de yuèqì réng rán shì dī yīn tí qín、 jí tā、 gāng qín hé gǔ； tóng guǎn zǔ cháng jiàn de biān zhì shì sān zhī xiǎo hào hé liǎng zhī cháng hào， dàn zhè gè shù mù bìng bù gù dìng； mù guǎn zǔ tōng cháng yóu sì wǔ zhī sà kè sī guǎn zǔ chéng， měi gè réndōu jiān chuī dān huáng guǎn huò shì bié de mù guǎn yuèqì， rú guǒ biān zhì shì wǔ zhī sà kè sī guǎn， yī bān shì liǎng zhī zhōng yīn、 liǎng zhī cì zhōng yīn、 yī zhī shàng dī yīn。 hái yòu yī zhǒng shāng yè xìng de（ yòu shí yě chēng wéi“ tián měi xíng”、“ lǚ guǎn xíng” děng děng） de yuèduì， biān zhì yǔ“ dà lè duì” chàbù duō， dàn sà kè sī guǎn wǎng wǎng quán bù yòng cì zhōng yīn de， mù guǎn zǔ huì jiào duō dì shǐ yòng qí tā de yuèqì（ rú cháng dí、 shuāng huáng guǎn）， yòu shí hái jiā shàng sān sì gè xiǎo tí qín， zài shāng pǐn lù yīn dài zhōng jīng cháng kě yǐ tīng dào zhè lèi yuèduì de yīn xiǎng。
yǔ chuán tǒng yīnyuè bǐ jiào 'ér yán， jué shì lè de lìng yī dà tè zhēng shì tā de fā yīn fāng fǎ hé yīn sè， wú lùn shì yuèqì hái shì rén shēng， zhè xiē tè zhēng dū zú yǐ shǐ rén men jué bù huì jiāng tā men yǔ rèn hé chuán tǒng yīnyuè de yīn sè hùn xiáo。 zhè xiē tè shū zhī chù dà duō lái yuán yú yòng yuèqì huò rén shēng duì měi zhōu hēi rén mín gē de mó fǎng。 rú guǒ wǒ men yòu jī huì tīng dào zhēn zhèng de hēi rén tián jiān gēqǔ hé líng gē， jiù huì fā xiàn nà xiē yóu cū gā dào yuán huá、 yóu zhì mèn dào xiǎng liàng、 yóu cì 'ěr dào róu měi、 yóu yě mán dào shū qíng de dà fú dù de biàn huà shì duō me dì fù yòu tè sè、 dòng rén xīn bó。 ér zài jué shì lè zhōng， gèng jiā rù liǎo fēi gē chàng de hǒu shēng、 gāo jiào hé shēn yín， tū chū liǎo zhè zhǒng gǎn jué。 chú cǐ yǐ wài， tè shū de yǎn zòu hé yǎn chàng jì qiǎo yě shì zào chéng tè yì xiào guǒ de zhòng yào shǒu duàn， zài zhè xiē jì qiǎo zhōng zuì cháng yòng de shì bù tóng yú chuán tǒng guān niàn de chàn yīn。 wǒ men zhī dào， suǒ wèi chàn yīn shì yīn gāo（ yòu shí yě kě néng shì lì dù） de yòu guī lǜ de biàn huà zào chéng de； bǐ rú xiǎo tí qín shàng de róu xián， jiù shì lì yòng zhè zhǒng biàn huà 'ér chǎn shēng fù yòu shēng mìng lì de yīn xiǎng xiào guǒ。
jué shì lè zhōng de chàn yīn shì yòu biàn huà de， biàn huà de fāng xiàng yī bān shì fú dù yóu zhǎi dào kuān， sù dù yóu màn dào kuài， ér qiě cháng cháng zài yī gè yīn lín jìn jié shù shí zēng jiā dǒu dòng de fú dù hé sù dù， gèng jiā qiáng liǎo zhè zhǒng jì qiǎo de biǎo xiàn lì。 tóng shí， zài yī gè yīn kāi shǐ shí， jué shì yuèshǒu men huì cóng xià xiàng shàng huá dào yù dìng de yīn gāo， zài jié shù shí， yòu cóng yuán lái de yīn gāo huá xià lái。 suǒ yòu zhè xiē biàn huà dōushì wú fǎ yòng yuèpǔ lái xiáng xì jì lù de， yòu jīng yàn de jué shì yuèshǒu dū shú liàn dì zhǎng wò liǎo zhè yī lèi de fāng fǎ、 yóu qí shì zhè zhǒng guān niàn， tā men kě yǐ gēn jù bù tóng de xuán lǜ huò bàn zòu yīn xíng jiāng zhè xiē xiào guǒ“ zhì zào” chū lái。 yīn cǐ kě yǐ zhè yàng shuō： yóu yú jí xīng de chuán tǒng hé jì qiǎo de gè rén fā huī， jué shì lè shì yóu zuòqǔ jiā héyuè shǒu gòng tóng chuàng zào de。 shòu guò chuán tǒng jiào yù de yīnyuè jiā zhī suǒ yǐ hěn nán biǎo yǎn jué shì lè， jiù shì yīn wéi tā men méi yòu péi yǎng chū zhè yàng de tè shū de yīnyuè guān niàn。 rú guǒ wǒ men xì xīn dì bǐ jiào yī xià zhēn zhèng de mín jiān gē shǒu hé shòu guò zhèng guī xùn liàn de gē shǒu yǎn chàng tóng yī shǒu mín gē de chā bié， duì cǐ zhōng de hán yì jiù huì yòu yī gè gēngzhí guān de gài niàn。
cóng jué shì lè dàn shēng zhī chū， tā jiù xī yǐn liǎo zhòng duō de zhuǎn yè zuòqǔ jiā。 1920 nián， měi guó zhǐ huī jiā bǎo luó · huái tè màn zǔ zhì liǎo yī zhī zhù míng de yuèduì， jiāng gǎi biān de jué shì lè zuò pǐn dài jìn liǎo yīnyuè tīng。 zhè zhǒng xīn cháo liú yǐn qǐ liǎo xǔ duō“ yán sù” de jué shì lè 'àihào zhě de jī liè fǎn duì， rán 'ér， zhèng shì cóng zhè yǐ hòu， jué shì lè zài měi guó hé 'ōu zhōu jiā yù hù xiǎo， shòu dào guǎng fàn de huān yíng。 gé shí wēn de《 lán sè kuáng xiǎng qū》 zài zhè shí dàn shēng， wéi zhè bù zuò pǐn pèi qì de rén jiù shì huái tè màn lè duì de zuòqǔ jiā gé luó fěi。 àn zhào shǒu gǎo shàng de jì lù， xiě zhè bù zuò pǐn zhǐ yòng liǎo sān gè xīng qī， yǎn chū hòu jīhū shì lì jí yǐn qǐ hōng dòng。 ōu zhōu zuòqǔ jiā yě yòu xǔ duō yǐ jué shì lè wéi jī chǔ huò shì shòu jué shì lè yǐng xiǎng de zuò pǐn， lì rú： dé biāo xī de gāng qín qū《 chǒu hēi guài bù tài wǔ》（ 1908）、《 yóu yín shī rén》（ 1910）、《 guài rén lā wéi nà jiāng jūn》（ 1910）； lā wēi 'ěr de xiǎo tí qín zòu míng qū zhōng de màn yuèzhāng（ bù lǔ sī）； sī tè lā wén sī jī de《 11 jiàn dú zòuyuè qì de léi gé tài mǔ》（ 1919）、《 shì bīng de gù shì》（ 1918）、《 hēi mù xié zòu qū》； xīn dé mǐ tè de《 shì nèi lè dì yī hào》（ zuò pǐn 24， wú diào xìng） hé gāng qín zǔ qū（ 1922）。
Basic elements of music: music that constitute the basic elements of music in a variety of elements, including sound level, sound length, the strength of sound and tone. By the combination of these basic elements to form a common music "form factor", such as: rhythm, melody, harmony, and the intensity, speed, tone, form, texture and so on. Elements constitute the form of musicians, music is the means of expression. The basic elements of music rhythm and melody.
1, rhythm: the rhythm of music is the music the length and intensity of exercise Alto. Rhythm of the music is often compared to music of skeleton. Beat music in the remake and the weak beat periodically, regularly repeated. Chinese traditional music called rhythm as "methodical," "board" is equivalent to strong beat; "eye" is equivalent to second strong beat (the eye) or weak beat.
2 tunes: tunes, also known as the melody. Ups and downs of musical rhythm by a certain lateral organized in an orderly manner, to form a melody. Tune is a complete music forms one of the most important means of expression. Tune to the direction is constantly changing, fundamental to the direction of three: "levels", "upstream" and "down." The same direction that the conduct of sound level; from the bass to treble, said upstream direction; from the direction of said treble down to bass. Conduct of a common tune: "Never mind repeatedly," "progressive" and "jump." According to that scale of the adjacent sound
For the progressive three degrees jumped into that little dance four times and jumped more than four times said fauna.
3, harmony: harmony, including "chord" and "Harmony for." Chords usually by three or more of the musical by certain rules of vertical (simultaneous) overlap to form the sound mix. Chord is the sound for the horizontal organization. Sound obvious thick, thin, thick, thin color effect; also constitute a clause, sub-paragraph and termination music music role.
4, strength: the strength of music degree Alto.
5, speed: Music for the speed.
6, Mode: music sound using the relationship between a certain link, the sound of a voice-centric (vocals) constitute a system, called Mode. Such as the flat type, minor type, such as China's five-tone style. Mode of the sound from the vocalist began to line up from the low to constitute a high scale.
7, form: music, horizontal organizational structure.
8 Texture: Polyphonic music of various combinations of voices form (including the relationship between vertical integration and horizontal integration).
9, melody: the idea of sound through the arts formed an organized, harmonious rhythmic movement. Melody is the foundation for music, music of the thoughts and feelings are shown through it.
】 【Music Theory
Music
Music of his law
Self-discipline of music
Music Theory
Music Aesthetics
Music History
Musical form and the work of
The effect of music
【Function】 music
Music is a symbol, sound, symbol, expression of people are thinking. Is a carrier of people's thinking. Music is a purpose, there is a connotation, which implied the author's life experience, feeling. Music from the sound of it between the constant noise and frequency between the pure tone, from the effects of speaking, it can bring people of beauty and expression of human emotion.
Music is a form of social behavior, people can exchange through music, emotions and life experience. This song was the most prominent manifestations of this role.
【Origin】 music
Since when human society with music, can not be traced. Has not produced in human language, have known the level of use of sound, strong or weak, etc. to express their own meaning and feelings. With the development of human labor, has the effect of a unified labor rhythmic chant and pass information between each other cry, this is the most original musical shape; when people celebrate the harvest and share the fruits of labor, they often beat stone, wood to express joy joy feelings, this is the prototype of the original instrument.
First, the origin of legend strings
Mercury (Mercury) is the Greek mythology the gods to God. He was reportedly walking along the Nile, the feet touch a thing given wonderful voice, he picked up, he discovered an empty shell was originally inside of a dry bar with the sounds. Mercury inspiration from this, the invention of the stringed instrument. Although research in the Mercury later generations ago already had strings, but it may be this was inspired.
Second, wind instruments legend
Account of the ancient history of China five thousand years ago the Yellow Emperor, a name known musician Ling Lun, he entered the mountains in western Queensland-based mining and bamboo flute. Phoenix was exactly five in the air Hita, he combined his voice and the law. Although this story can not be completely sure, but it could be seen as the origin of the instrument with a mysterious legend.
Third, the ancient Chinese music
--- China's first emperor Huangdi, is five thousand years ago created a calendar and writing the name of the ruler. At that time, Ling Lun in addition to the foregoing, there is one called "Fu Xi," the musician. Fu Xi was the first snake who is said to have given birth in the mother-to-twelve years. He played a 50 string, Zhang Qin, as tone is too sad, the Yellow Emperor Qin down to half its changed to 20 Wu Xian.
In addition, the legendary Yellow Emperor, also called Shen Nong, a musician, he taught to farm, and found a medicine, is said to be the first person cattle. He created the banjo, then if the idea is to use the pentatonic music, then this is taken for granted.
【Music】 China
The official written record of the history of Chinese music began in the Zhou Dynasty.
Prehistoric Ancient Music】 【
Chinese music of ignorance during the early ancestor of the Huaxia Huangdi two thousand years of God. According to this 6700 years to 7000 years of the Neolithic Age, the ancestors may have been able to burn Pottery Xun, digging system bone whistle. The original instrument undoubtedly tell people, when the human already has the capability of the musical aesthetic. According to the ancient musical culture of ancient literature with song, dance, music combined with the characteristics of each other. Getian Shi clan in the so-called "three operating Shelter, eight songs enough to tie down vote," the dance is the best description. At that time, people are singing the contents, such as "Respect always," "Fen grain," "the extreme of total animal" reflects the ancestors of agriculture, animal husbandry and the world know the laws of nature. These songs, dance, music and dance music each other with one of the original totem worship like the original clan ties. Such as Huangdi Shi Yun Zeng Yi family totem, his music and dance called "Cloud Gate." Songs on the original form, can be seen in "Lu" Tu Shi Zhinv Recorded in the "Song of Waiting." This song only been "on Xi Yi-man," one and only "on" and the words have real meaning. This is the music of the bud, of a pregnancy without the language. Henan Wuyang Jiahu origin of the bone flute around 6000 BC, is the world's oldest wind instrument. One of a seven-hole bone flute preserved very complete, the experts carried out experiments and found that the use of the bone flute still playing music, can be issued seven sound stage. But basically only use the ancient Chinese pentatonic scale.
【Music】 ancient
Ancient Chinese "poetry" is, regardless, that is, literature and music are closely linked to the department. The oldest Chinese poetry collection "The Book of Songs" in the Psalms at all with a tune, as sung by the masses orally. This tradition continues, and such integration of the Han Dynasty official poetry known as "Han Dynasty", Tang, Song was also able to sing. Even today, there are pop musicians as poetry _set_ to music concerts, such as the Mid-Autumn Festival Sushi description of "Prelude to Water" also Li Bai's "Poem."
Ancient China contempt musician, not to treat artists as Chinese painting and calligraphy are closely connected, the painter is literati class, even when in the Song Dynasty "to draw the examiner" (actually because of the extreme Huizong personal hobby of painting). Musicians of a lower status, but for the noble entertainment "actor." During the Tang dynasty in the famous singer Li turtles have no political status, now people know he is because he often appears in the Tang poetry, praised by others.
Ancient Chinese "scholar" class that a cultivated person should master "poetry and painting", the so-called "piano" is popular since the qin. Guqin scholar alone, but only appreciate, not on public show. Guqin smaller volume, higher status is the only musical instrument.
Summary: the development of music theory in ancient China slow in the "official history" of high status, not to leave more information in writing. But the music and literature as a compulsory subject in ancient intelligentsia, in the daily life of ancient China no doubt has an important position; it is even more full of colorful folk melody.
Xia, Shang Dynasty Music
Xia and Shang dynasties during slavery society. Literature from the classical view, when the dance music and dance have been gradually away from the original clan for the clan shared characteristics, they share more for the slave owners there. From the content point of view, they gradually left the primitive totem worship, instead of the conquest of nature for the people who carol. For example, Yu's water management for the benefit of the people, there will be a praise of the emperor Yu Dance "big summer." Xia Jie is no way, cutting the Shang Dynasty, and as a result of the praise music and dance Shang Tang Expending "big oblique." Shang Wu Fengsheng OK, so there solely on the worship of the Witch (Witch) and wizard (wizard). Nurtured by their slave owners, the line festival, dance, singing, was the first person to music as a career. Slave to music and dance to worship the Emperor of Heaven, ancestors, the same time have to indulge their own to enjoy music and dance. They died but also to musicians and sacrificial victims, the martyrdom of this brutal killing system on the one hand exposed the cruel rule of slave owners, and objectively reflects the progress of productivity compared to primitive times, making music culture with a rapidly growing conditions. According to historical records, the Xia has been a useful system Tuo crocodile Piemonte drum. Shang Dynasty have been found in wooden drums and double-cavity birds taotie Skin to drums, and the production of well-bred Shi Hua Shi Pan plow. Bronze Age As a result, the Shang Dynasty also appeared bells, cymbals musical instrument series, most of them three to one group. The emergence of various types of percussion instruments in the history of hit musical instrument embodies the characteristics of the development of the former. Years beginning in 5000 the body of instruments Pottery Xun Ming tone from the hole at the time, the development of two to five sound hole sound hole, it can issue 12 semitones of the sound out. According to Tao Xun pronunciation inference, Chinese folk music, the pentatonic basis of thinking in the late Neolithic period, while the sound of at least seven companies, Yin had already occurred.
Xizhou Music
Western Zhou is a slave society from prosperity to decline, the feudal system of social factors, the growing period of history. Western Zhou Dynasty court first established a complete music system. Enjoy entertainment at the banquet the status of officials of different provisions have different status, dance team preparation. Summary judgments before the ancient epic nature of the music and dance, you can see the so-called "sixth generation of music and dance", that is, when the Yellow Emperor, "Cloud Gate", when Yao's "salt pond" when Shun, "Shao", Yu when the "big summer" , when the business "big geometrid" weeks "big arms." Zhou also mingling system, to collect folk songs, in order to observe customs, police sentiments. Depends on it, preserving a large number of folk songs, _delete_d by the Spring and Autumn Period Confucius _set_ to form China's first poetry collection - "The Book of Songs." It collects from the early Western Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn Period 500 years into the middle of a total of 305 music poetry. "Book of Songs" the best part is "style." They are spread in Henan Province as the center, including the number of provinces around the country folk song 15. There are also literary creations, "Taiga", "Xiao Ya," and the Sacrifice epic song "Song" these types of genre. Handed down its text analysis, "Book of Songs" songs to form structure can be summarized as ten. As the song's climactic end, has a special name "chaos." In the "Book of Songs," a book before and after, the famous patriotic poet Qu Yuan's sacrifice according to Chu songs compiled into "Nine Songs", with strong characteristics of Chu culture. Thus, two different works of different musical styles into a north and south pavilions interest.
Live folk music during the Zhou Dynasty social life involved a dozen side, very active. Shi-Chuan Boya piano, Zhong Ziqi Salon story that begins at this time. This reflects the performance technology, technology, and people appreciate the composition level. Guqin playing, the piano were also concludes that "purest heart of the device can only be" playing psychological feelings. QIN famous musicians singing the song, according to records to "Shaking the tree, ring containing Feiyun." More civil Genv Han E, after the song "Yin Yu Rao Liang, three days is not absolute." These are highly technical achievements in vocal music.
Zhou's cultural achievements can also be highly developed in 1978 with the County of Hubei's Warring States period unearthed tombs of ancient musical instruments Marquis Yi of Zeng as an important symbol. This can be comparable to the pyramids of Egypt provide a treasure trove of underground music at the court music system model, where unearthed eight 124 instrument, according to Zhou's "octave" instrument classification (gold, stone, silk, bamboo, gourd, earth, leather, wood) everything almost all kinds of musical instruments. The most important of 64 bells musical instrument, at the upper and the lower-ranking provision, the total weight of up to five thousand kilograms, the total up to five octave range. However, as the Shang and Zhou bells chime a bell with two tone hair features, including the Department of the pitch is 12 semitones in place, you can transfer spin palace, which confirmed the pre-Qin literature on spin palace reliable records. Tomb clock, there are inscriptions on the pan instrument, says the feudal theory of temperament between countries, reflecting the height of the Zhou Dynasty Musical Temperament achievements. In the Zhou Dynasty, Temperament theory has been established. 5 sound stage name (gong, shang, jiao, zhi [zhi three times], birds) also have been established. At this time, people already know five or seven voices sound in order to voice the main palace, Palace, Palace Music from place to place is called spin, so that you can achieve the transfer effect. Law school to highlight the achievements found in "tube - to members of Chapter" recorded in the "one-third of the profit and loss method." Is to house the chord sound basis, increased by one third (Yi I), by Palace Music sign four degrees below the pure tone; sign minus one third of the chord tone (loss of one), be levied Music five degrees above the pure sound business; inferior race continues to be projected on the tone pentatonic chord. Operator in accordance with this method all 12 semitones within the octave (Temperament) the chord length, constitutes a "one-third of the profit and loss law system." Because of this legal system is based on the five-degree intervals of natural made with students, and each time with students than those made of sound micro-tempered high-five degrees, so not sending twelve law students with high-octave tone, resulting in the so-called "brass bells can not be restored" to the spin transfer Palace inconvenience. However, this fully reflects the melodic beauty of tone tuning system continues today.
Qin and Han Dynasties Music
Qin, start with "verse." It inherited the system of the Zhou Dynasty to the collecting folk songs, collecting, sorting changed folk music, the end results of a large number of musicians in the feast, Jiao Si, Asaga so on play. Such as singing the lyrics, known as the verse poems. Verse, and later be extended to all income refers to music or write it into music lyrics, even some of the more drama and gas are also called Yue.
Three Kingdoms, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties Music
Songs from the development phase and to clear up commercial music in the North get the attention Cao Wei, _set_ clear business department. Jin at the turn of the war, so clearly into the commercial music of the South, and South, Wu Ge, Western music fusion. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the integration of this north-south commercial music back to clear the north, thus becoming the country's major popular genres. Han, along with the smooth flow of the Silk Road, Western countries have introduced the song to start the mainland. When Northern Liang Tang Yan Yue Lu Guang will occupy an important position in the Kucha (Kuqa, Xinjiang today) music brought to the mainland. This shows that people of all time music is already very popular on the exchange.
At this time, the representation of traditional music culture instrument Guqin mature, mainly as follows: there have been problems in the Han Dynasty the title of the qin melodies solution monograph, "Qin Cao." Three Kingdoms, the famous qin Kang in his book "Musical Instrument" in his book the "emblem of Zhongshan of Yu" records. This shows that people already know that Qin was the emblem bit harmonics generation. At that time, there have appeared a large number of scholars qin, such as Ji Kang and Ruan Ji and so on, "Guanglingsan" ("Niezhengciqin King"), "Yi-Lan Cao", "Tune", a famous track came.
Southern and Northern Dynasty is also a kind of popular story, their role and make-up performances, singing and dancing, while both accompaniment and orchestral accompaniment of song and dance drama. This is already a small prototype of opera.
Temperament in this period's important achievements, including the Jin Mao Xun find wind instruments, "the number of nozzle correction." Southern Song Hecheng days in one-third of the profit and loss method, the arithmetic superposition approach to the creation of a new law is very close to the tempered. His efforts to solve the one-third of the initial profit and loss can not restore law Huangzhong problem.
Sui and Tang Dynasty Music
Sui and Tang dynasties, political unity, especially in the Tang Dynasty, political stability, economic prosperity, the rulers policy of openness, the courage to absorb the culture of the outer city, together with Wei has been bred since the laying the foundation of all music and cultural integration, and finally germination taking music and dance music as the main indicator of the overall development of the peak.
Tang Dynasty palace feast of music, called "Yan Music." Sui and Tang Dynasty's seven-step music, nine belong to Yin Lok Lok. They are of all ethnic groups, and foreign folk music, mainly QingShang Music (Han), Western Liang (now Gansu) music, Gao (now Turpan) music, Kucha (Kuqa this) music, Kang country (now Russia Han Samar) music, Yasukuni (now Russian Bukhara) music, Tianzhu (now India), music, Korea (now North Korea) Theatre. One Kucha music, music Xiliang more important. Yan Yue was also divided into sitting and Li in the Department of Kabuki Kabuki play, according to Bai's "Legislative Department of Kabuki," poetry, the Department of trick the performer to sit higher than Li in Kabuki.
Tang song and dance rage music is unique in the wonderful work of Yan. It inherits the traditional phase and koji, a unique blend of nine music in the essence of all music, forming a bulk order - in order or making order - broken or dance all over the structure. Found in "Jiaofang recorded" Recording Tang Daqu Commissioned total of 46, which "霓裳羽衣舞" the emperor of its renowned musicians as the Emperor's, but also combines elegant style of the French song for the World praiseworthy. The famous poet, wrote a description of the performance process Daqu vivid poem "霓裳羽衣舞 song."
The prosperity of the Tang Dynasty's culture also finds expression in a series of music education institutions, such as teaching workshops, pear orchards, large music department, advocating the Department and specialized instructors do not teach young children Liyuan Park. Strict performance of these institutions, creating the groups of talented musicians. Literary History of Tang to none at the time is the concert singing. Geishas Zeng Yi was singing and faster famous poem; poet has his own poems into music after the wide spread measure their writing skills. Bands in the Tang Dynasty, the pipa is one of the main instruments. It has almost the same shape today's pipa. Fujian now, and the Japanese lute Nanqu in shape and playing on the method still preserved some features of the Tang pipa.
By Kucha theory of music, appeared in 84 notes Tang, Yan music 28 tone music theory. Cao Tang Dynasty also created by the word soft spectrum Guqin notation, has been in use to modern times.
Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties Music
To the Yuan Dynasty, the emergence of national musical instruments sanxian noteworthy. Studies in music theory, music Yan Song appeared in the record scale. Meanwhile, the early spectral type notation is also Zhang Yan, "etymology" and Shen Kuo's "Meng Xi Bi Tan" appears. Recent passage of a musical score from the direct time. Chinese Opera Song or mature age. It is marked by the emergence of the Southern Song Shinan play. Southern Opera, also known as Wenzhou Dynasty, Yongjia Opera, the music rich and natural. Initially some non-minor, concerts can be transferred from house restrictions. Tune body was later developed into opera music, also emerged a number of organizations, different melody phrases constitute a new melody of "Song Collection" form. South opera in concert form, has been solo, duets, chorus and so on. Handed down three Southern Drama this, "Zhang Xie" and found "Paradise Daqu." Opera in the Yuan Dynasty Yuan Dynasty appeared to peak represented. The initial rise of Yuan Dynasty in the north, gradually developing to the south, and the Southern drama blending occurs. Representative writers Yuan Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Revival after, White Park, in addition to Wang Shih-fu, Qiao Jifu, the Bank said six people. Classic works such as Guan Hanqing's "Snow in Midsummer," "will single-handedly," Wang Shih-fu's "The West Chamber." Yuan strict structure, that each work by the Si Zhe (screen) of a wedge (off site or over) form. Within the limits of a discount house with the same tune, a rhyme in the end, often by a role (at the end or Jordan) lead singer, the rules, and sometimes there are breakthroughs, such as Wang Shih-fu's "The West Chamber" up to five 20 fold. Yuan drama of the South, resulting in the Southern theater (called the Yuan and Ming legend) for further maturation. Witnessed a series of classic plays, such as "Praying Court", "Lute" and so on. Experience on behalf of the spread of these scripts is still performed. North-South style of music at that time had been initially established, the voice of seven-order-based North Qu Chen Xiong; to Southern Drama pentatonic-based soften. With the development of the arts Yuan Dynasty, there has been a summary of the first monograph on the theory opera singing, which flourished on the Temple's "Singing", and Zhou Deqing's "Rhyme" is a song first Rhyming Dictionary of the North, he north Language is divided into 19 rhymes, and the tones of Chinese characters is divided into IA, IB and IIIA, rising tone, falling tone of four. This later phonology research and development of opera rap music have a great impact.
Ming and Qing Dynasty Music
Since the Ming and Qing society has a budding capitalist economic factors, the public sectors growing, the development of music culture is more secular characteristics of the Ming dynasty rich folk ditty, though mixed, but the breadth of its influence has reached "do not ask men and women "and" everybody learning the "level. As a result, the private collection of editing, publishing ditty has become a trend, but also from folk ditty to the libretto, opera text, melodies have come out of private Editions. If Menglong editor of "Folk Songs," Zhu Quan, the first editor of the Music of "Marvelous Mysteries" and so on.
Rap colorful Ming and Qing Dynasties. One South Tanci, north lyrics to dagu, and brand music, piano books, affections Cantata kind of like that is more important. The beautiful south of Suzhou storytelling storytelling greatest impact. In the Qing Dynasty, Suzhou, Chen appeared to encounter dry desolation represented in bold relief, Chen notes; to Maru Fei represented frank Hearty duma; to the beauty represented by Yu Xiushan soften the tone of these three important school of Yu. And later proliferation of many new schools. The lyrics to dagu northern Shandong drums, wooden drums Jizhong, River drums, Jingyuntaigu more important. The brand of music like rap are chorded, Henan Major song, etc.; piano books piano books class rap with Shandong, Sichuan dulcimer, etc.; affections affections class rap in Zhejiang, Shaanxi affections, such as Hubei, Yu Gu, minorities have also been some rap Songs such as the Mongolian story-telling, Bai Big song. Ming and Qing period music and dance all the people in the greater development, such as the various Yangge Han, Uygur Muqam lamp, Tibetan capsule M, Zhuang copper encouraged Dai Peacock Dance, jump on the Yi, Miao Lusheng dance. To tune the flow of cloth as the characteristics of the Ming and Qing Chinese music emerged a new development heights. Fourth day with sea salt out loud cavity, Yuyao, Yiyang, Kunshan various cavity, which cavity in Kunshan, Jiangsu Taicang Weiliang Fu and others through reform, to fine tune and smooth sound stress prefix words abdomen, won the people's favorite suffix . Kunshan cavity has been the confluence of North and South music, forming a moment to the highest of the Kun Opera. The first Ming Liang Chen Kun plays the fish is "Washing Gauze", the remaining major repertoire, such as Ming Tang's "Peony Pavilion", Qing Hong Sheng's "Palace of Eternal Youth" and so on. Yiyangqiang its flexible features of the dialect of the opera took place around the major impact, making the growing parts of opera, such as a variety of pitched drama. Ming and Qing Dynasties, the North West Shaanxi Opera in Shaanxi Bangzi opera represented the development of very fast, it affects puzhou Clapper Shanxi, Shaanxi, with the state Clapper, Clapper Hebei, Henan clapper. This sonorous, easy-Bangzi opera enduring in the northern provinces. Qing Dynasty, by the Xi Pi and the two yellow skin composed of two basic tunes yellow cavity, formed in Beijing, thus, had an impact all over the country's opera.
【Music】 music theory
The development of music is no limit and scope, but music is time-sensitive, so if word of mouth alone, it is inevitable there will be some mistakes, over time, can not maintain the original flavor of music. Therefore, our predecessors have invented all kinds of music notation, use of these symbols of the music, and their descendants can use the spectrum, playing out with the same meaning of the music, while recorded music on a variety of symbols and rules, it said to music theory.
Ancient Chinese music is pentatonic system, on the pentatonic scale of five levels is called the "five sound", that palace (do), business (re), angle (mi), sign (sol), birds (la) . Comparison of the famous ancient Chinese music "Guanglingsan," "Mountain and Flowing Water", "Plum Blossom", etc..
National Instruments】 【
"Zhou Li Chun officials" in the musical instruments are divided into gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, gourd, bamboo eight categories, called "octave" is also one of the oldest musical instrument classification.
Gold tone including the bells, special bell, cymbals
Rock Music including chimes, special chime
Accent, including Xun
Leather drum sounds, including
Sibilant including the qin, the ancient Joseph
Wood tone including zhu, Yu-
Sound, including Sheng Pao, yu
Including bamboo flute sound, flute, pipe, bamboo flute
Bells, chime issued by the two instruments sound crisp and bright, to be known as the "voice of stone", is officially recognized "the highest elegant sound." Now what is the silk string and wind sounds and short sounds of bamboo.
Ancient musical instruments mainly Xun, Fou, building, pan, Harp, zither, qin, Joseph, etc., generally slow melodious music, mainly to fit the needs of court life or religion.
【Music】 Modern
The late 19th century, China was forced to open the south coast, came into contact with Western music and musical instruments, musical bear the brunt of Guangdong, the first sound absorbing Western ways, creating new musical instruments dulcimer and marimba, the development of the orchestra music, music still has its unique Guangdong charm, is more successful example of combining Chinese and Western.
From 1838 to 1903 years (that is narrow "school music" movement before the rise of sixty years) church music music education in modern China had a tremendous impact. After the Opium War, missionaries went to China to increase the number of Western missionaries in China, missionary work, they often do with singing hymns as auxiliary method, the chromatic concepts have been spread.
Folk musicians playing Chinese musical instruments creating a new stage, erhu composer Liu Tianhua created a large number of Erhu solo, such as "Good Night", "bright line", "river water", etc., performer Hua Yanjun (blind Bing) created a "Traditional" and so on erhu and pipa. Although at the time when the world turmoil, the Chinese folk music both in solo and ensemble band have great development.
1910s to the 1920s, the New Culture Movement, many overseas Chinese to return home after the musicians began to play European classical music, also began to read music record new works. Formed a new orchestra in big cities, mixed European classical music and jazz, concert halls and radio are very popular. Shanghai in the 1930s reached its peak.
Although the use of Western instruments and musical instruments, but still is a popular music form in China, that the main melody, pentatonic-based, can be most people's favorite. Zhou Xuan was one of the most popular performers, was the representative of popular music, its for the movie "Street Angel" sang the theme song, "The Wandering Songstress" and "Butterfly," a time of great popularity, the people at that time anti-Japanese sentiment , known as the "golden voice."
The People's Republic of China established, pop songs than after the revolution, also added a translation into Chinese of Soviet pop. Began to build around the Symphony Group, played Western classical music, and Chinese composers of new works. Eastern European orchestra performing several times to China, Chinese Orchestra also participated in many international performances will be. Chinese musicians have tried to use the Western method of writing instruments with Chinese style of music, the more successful a violin concerto "Butterfly Lovers", adopted some of Shaoxing opera melodies.
And third world countries are increasing contacts, this Oriental Song and Dance Ensemble was established, specialized learning, concerts in Asia, Africa and Latin America the nation's folk music, popular in China, from the music to begin developing countries China's impact. Chinese National Orchestra of orchestration, ensemble approach is also in shape, produced many successful instrumental music symphony.
In recent years, China's folk music began to receive wide attention around the world, every Lunar New Year, will be invited to the Golden Hall in Vienna New Year Concert held in China, and packed.
School in Taiwan and Hong Kong Teng create songs the concert, the Chinese popular music to a peak, with a unique style of Chinese music and charm, Teresa Teng, a concert in the United States, it attracted too many Americans in the background the whole stage, stage management appreciation , although they do not understand the Chinese lyrics.
【Music】 revolution
In the Northern Expedition, with Chinese musicians revolution, made a lot of revolutionary songs, the National Revolutionary Army, is widely sung, some with foreign direct popular melody accompanied by revolutionary lyrics.
Anti-Japanese War, the musicians is united in writing a large number of anti-Japanese songs. Xian Xinghai's "Yellow River Cantata" magnificent, reflected the spirit of popular resistance. Composing music for the film with the "National Anthem" is majestic, a Japanese army of liberation to be sung everywhere, The People's Republic of China established, in order to be prepared and not forget how the Chinese people against foreign aggression, the National Anthem, as the national anthem .
Conference 1942 Yan'an, the Communist-controlled areas began to rewrite the local folk songs into the revolution, such as Shaanxi folk song "The East is Red." The purpose is to rewrite most of the population is illiterate farmers to spread communist ideology.
During the Cultural Revolution, Western music, especially the Soviet Union's not illegal. Retro revolutionary songs and the so-called "quotation songs", with dictatorial "model operas", and foreign exchanges almost stopped, even in the welcome banquet in honor of U.S. President Richard Nixon, the band playing American music, "haystack on turkey" , the then Minister of Culture should protest to the Prime Minister, the mainland Chinese music into a low period. To the development of music is not completely stagnant.
During the Cultural Revolution, the "model opera" Although too overbearing, but the opera will be accompanied by the introduction of the Western orchestra to produce a special effect, in the context of vigorous orchestral and skin tones of the drums, but also highlighted the characteristics of opera music, but also a Integrated Chinese and Western development. Especially the "Dahushangshan" interlude in the horn solo, and singing back tones of natural, very commendable.
Pop music】 【
Since China's reform and opening up, the first pop music from Hong Kong and Taiwan into China, particularly Taiwan, Teresa Teng singing school songs and songs popular in mainland China. In the CCTV Spring Festival Gala Performance of China's Ming-Min Zhang's "My Chinese Heart" became a hit in China, which is China's Hong Kong and Taiwan's first public music performance. Since then, China's pop music and the rest of the world's various styles, various genres of music combined, resulting in a number of popular songs. Now, the rapid development of China's pop music, pop music world in a new force should not be underestimated.
Taiwan and Hong Kong's popular music developed rapidly, the basic synchronization and international trends, particularly Hong Kong, because the government does not interfere with the creation of music, there have been many famous singers and songs, not only across China by the Chinese, but also by Japan, South Korea, fans of the cult.
In recent years, mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and other parts of the world continue to share the Chinese pop music, began to convergence, convergence trend. Therefore, start with "Global Chinese pop music," the overall title. An outstanding performance: China as one of the world's largest consumer market, Hong Kong and Taiwan, overseas major pop music release list and start the preparation of more and more attention to the mainland market.
It is noteworthy that, in the popular music which, with a kind of folk music in nature, they are represented by the campus folk, urban folk, barracks ballads, folk music they also have a place among pop music, have all had their brilliant years, simple folk tunes, popular lyrics also touched many people.
【Music】 rap
The music is based on a fixed melody, rhythm, accompanied by synthesizer, scratch records, and so fast that the composition did not understand rap, many people feel too weird, too monotonous, so predicting its short-lived, but proved from its development to the present all the formal music awards ceremony and have a rap song charts the breakdown of the project, such as the annual Billboard Rap Album award is about the best American rap trend guide. Many people believe that all rap music sounds are the same, does not. You have to listen to rap shown by the feeling of rhythm and rhyme, go about it to say. For example, gang rap to help them against the community, with the obvious racist tendencies, politicized, and specifically choose non-government. And most of these singers have a background of local gangs, coupled with the talents of the rap album. So they are always around the topic of firearms, drugs, violence and survival of the subject, but in any case, the formation of these rap style, fully demonstrated the aspirations of African Americans and discontent. Any have anything to say, and talented young people, can rap in a different form, to find their own sky.
【Music】 National
Narrow sense of Chinese folk music refers to the Han Chinese music, referred to as "folk music." China's ethnic music has had more style and content, such as Tibetan music, Mongolian music, Zhuang music.
Tibetan Music
Tibetan nation is sing and dance, their song melody vast, mildly sweet. Tibetan Buddhist music can be divided into music and folk music. Buddhist music in the most famous monks sing praise tunes without words.
Tibetan folk songs resounding loud and clear, it sounds like there is a vast plateau blue sky weather, melodious tunes, but also to the five main sound. Song and dance form of "fruit harmony", "Guozhuo" (pot Zhuang), etc.. Tibetan music, some of the elements are absorbed by the Han Chinese and Western music. Some songs of the Han mimic the characteristics of Tibetan music created such as "visiting the Park," "Plateau," a kind of song. Recent years, Tibetans in Tibet are also songs of other musical elements into. In addition to the famous Tibetan singer Cedain Zhoima and singing Chinese songs mainly Han Hong, there Rongzhongerjia, East Asia, Jean Snow Dolma large number of high profile singer in Tibet.
Regular theater now finishing excavation performed traditional Tibetan opera "King Gesar."
Music Man
Northeast China and Beijing is the Manchu _set_tlements. Man's most famous folk music is from the Qing Dynasty Bajiao Gu. Man's Lullaby, "a lengthy bar," and other works are well-known, often used in Chinese modern cover.
Mongolian Music
Mongolian folk song points "folk Long Song" and "short-tune folk songs." "Long Tune" There are many homophonic words meaningless stretch singing, there are grasslands Kongkuo style. The most distinctive musical instrument is matouqin is a pull strings, piano column as a Tau general decorative carving, so this name.
Zhuang's
Guangxi Zhuang neighborhood is the home of folk songs, often young men and women singing in antiphonal style, some people even say that the time singing Zhuang's life longer than the talking. Basic and Han Zhuang folk music style similar to the main pentatonic scale. Lyrics obvious antithesis format, content at nominal, metaphor and other techniques statements to the exchange-based life, and sometimes the lyrics are referring to the Chinese classical stories and allusions. Zhuang music can be in the movie musical "The Nutcracker" in a glimpse of its magic.
Dai music
Dai's and South Asia, Myanmar, Thailand's musical style is similar to mildly mellow tunes, typical musical instruments, and as the feet drum a Hulusi, Hulusi unique timbre of a musical style of playing is Dai.
Naxi Ancient Music
Lijiang Naxi Naxi ancient music is in the middle of playing old music, is said to be imported from the Central Plains during the Ming Dynasty, and since the original local traffic inconvenience, and little outside contact, and always genuine, handed down, there are only a group of old band can play, is training his successor, is the living fossil of the 14th century music by the music industry attention.
Dong music
Dong "Great Song" is the only use of acoustic folk songs, basic for the female a cappella, vocal harmonies by the voices are very harmonious with, caused a sensation in international and won numerous awards.
Uighur Music
Uyghur music is basically the Arab style of music, great emphasis on rhythm, hand drum can play dozens of different rhythms, musical instruments are mainly suitable for immediate playing of both Seoul and thermal tile just it, the biggest is Tamboura. The traditional Uygur music "12 Maqam" all-inclusive, is the source of many folk music.
Tajik music
Tajik music, and a greater difference between Han Chinese music, good use of chromatic, melody tactfully changing, as Eagle Gao Ming, the most typical of the composer Lei Zhenbang for the movie "tip of the visitors," with songs full use of Tajik folk songs.
Korean Music
Korean music and North Korea, South Korea's music is basically the same, the main instrument with a long drum and gayageum. Gayageum similar to the ancient Chinese zither, smaller than the modern zither, playing the law are not the same, sit cross-legged knee is placed on the bomb. Music melody has its unique style.
【Music】 Opera
19th Century Opera Opera Peking opera of China is very popular in China, also one of the more popular art, large areas have their own local opera. At present, the most representative of the development of Beijing Opera in Beijing. Music Music is usually the main high-profile singing and to flute, percussion section, clapper, gongs, and tones of other stringed accompaniment. Other representatives of opera music: A Night with Hebei, Henan, Pingju opera, Shaoxing opera, Cantonese opera, Kun Opera, Shaanxi Opera, Opera, high such a play and Nuo opera. The whole of China a total of more than 600 varieties of local theater. Kun orally by the United Nations as a World Cultural Heritage List.
】 【Rock music
China's reform and opening up, and Western music was introduced to China through various channels. Music youth more or less exposed to rock music, and began to build a band, imitation and creation.
China's rock music for the first time on stage should be said that in May 9, 1986. At that time in the Beijing Workers Stadium Memorial "'86 International Year of Peace" concert in China 100 singers, Cui Jian dressed in little-known long gown and carrying a guitar, one high and one low trousers jumped on the stage, the audience stunned occasion Hou Chu, "I once asked a drag / when you come with me ... ...", that is, the first Chinese rock pioneer work as "nothing." Subsequently, the Chinese rock, Cui Jian will be the first person called.
The late 80s and early 90s, rock altar has been found in China, such as the Tang Dynasty, Panther, reincarnation, overloading, compass, Beijing 1989 and other bands. By 1994, the Hong Kong Coliseum, Hung Hom, "China's rock influence" concert in the history of China's most passionate rock scene, when the three heroes of rock known as the Magic Dou Wei, Zhang Chu and He Yong, the Chinese rock band Tang Dynasty and push to a peak. China followed a very big rock show differentiation trends, followed by appearance of various musical styles. As to the popular Zheng Jun, Xu Wei, and 0:00, etc.; lower fidelity of the punk band Pangu; pattern times out of flies, left a small ancestral curse and Wang Lei; electronic music and rap music is gaining popularity and a variety of musical styles of interaction between each other fusion. The old band dissolved, the main members of the solo, such as Dou Wei left the band after the Black Panther, had formed a dream band, but also cooperate with many bands impromptu recording; and new bands appear, such as flowers, new pants and take the British line of Catcher in the Rye and sober, etc.; this among a number of schools is of concern to Beijing's Confucius said (now renamed "The Master said Yao release") and second-hand roses to represent the Northeast folk rock more and more attention is being . Many record companies, such as the Modern Sky, Jingwenchangpian and entertainment companies in introducing new musicians and bands to hold concert also made a lot of try and contributions.
【Music】 Western
Western music history is the development of western music history, a detailed time can be divided into: Ancient Greece and Rome during the musical, the music during the Middle Ages, Renaissance music, Baroque music, Classical music, romantic music, contemporary music and New Age music and so on.
Western musical instruments】 【
Keyboard
Piano
Organ
Organ
Clavichord
Harpsichord
Accordion
Electronic keyboard
Electric piano
Electronic Piano
Stringed instrument
Guitar
Electric Guitar
Harp
Bass guitar
Woodwind
Clarinet
Oboe
British
Flute
Piccolo
Harmonica
Bassoon
Saxophone
Reed organ
Accordion
Organ
Jazz Organ
Tango Accordion
Pan
Bassoon
Reed Straight
Brass
Small
Cornet
Chong Fenghao
French Horn
Trombone
Euphonium
Baritone
Baritone
Bowed stringed instrument
Violin
Viola
Cello
Double Bass
Percussion
Timpani
Xylophone
Chung Chin
Marimba
Gong
Cymbals
Snare drum
Drum
Drums
Japanese drums
Crisp bell
】 【Jazz
In the jazz tunes, in addition to traditional music from Europe, the white folk and popular songs in the lessons aside, the best character is the "blues scale" (the structure on this scale, we will be part of the specialist Bruce description), but it can be said of jazz harmony is completely built on the basis of traditional harmony, but more freedom to use a variety of chord changes, the main difference between them is caused by the blues chords.
Jazz in the use of musical instruments and playing on a very distinctive way, completely different from the traditional band. Since the "Jazz Age" since the saxophone became one of the best selling musical instruments; trombone can play the other brass instruments can not be done, funny or bizarre glide, so the team steal the show in the jazz; Trumpet is also a favorite jazz instrument, the instrument with a different mute the sound produced by the novel and the highest pitch is almost a jazz a few sound characteristics unique sound; piano, banjo, guitar, and subsequently The electric guitar is its sound and effective combat style ability to play chords occupy an important position. On the contrary, the most important band in the traditional string instruments (violin, viola, cello) in a number of relatively minor status; horn's rich sound in the orchestra is very fascinating, but for jazz, it's temperament was so docile almost no use. In the orchestra, each instrument in tone and volume control integrated into the overall sound as much as possible among the opposite team in jazz, musicians are striving to make each instrument are "stand up."
The establishment of the band is flexible, the most basic of two parts - the rhythm group and melody group. In the early jazz, the rhythm group number by the bass, banjo and drums as an afterthought, tuba and banjo bass and guitar gradually being replaced by a piano join. In the 30's, the emergence of a dance band, then called "big band", which consists of three components: the rhythm group, brass and woodwind group group. Rhythm group used instruments is still double bass, guitar, piano and drums; brass group is the establishment of common three trumpet and two trombone, but the number is not fixed; woodwind group is usually composed of 45 saxophone Everyone and clarinet or other woodwind instrument, if the establishment of five saxophone is generally two alto, two tenor, one on bass. There is also a commercial (and sometimes also referred to as "sweet-type", "hotel-type", etc.) of the band, compiled with the "big band" almost, but often all used saxophone tenor, and woodwind group will be more use of other instruments (such as the flute, oboe), sometimes with three or four violin, often in the commodity tape you can hear the sound of these bands.
Jazz in the tremolo is a change of direction of change is generally ranging from narrow to wide, the speed from slow to fast, often in a tone near the end of the range and speed increased jitter, but also enhanced the expression of such techniques . Meanwhile, in a sound beginning, jazz musicians are scheduled from the next slide up the pitch, in the end, and from the original pitch slide down. All these changes are not recorded in detail with the music, experienced jazz musicians have mastered this type of approach, especially in this concept, they can depending on the melody or accompaniment Yinxing these effects, "Manufacturing "out. So you can say this: As the improvisation skills of the individual traditions and play, jazz composers and musicians from the co-creation. Received traditional education is difficult to show the reason why jazz musicians, because they do not nurture this special musical ideas. If we carefully compare the true folk singer and formal training, the first folk singers sang the same difference in the meaning of this will have a more intuitive concept.
Jazz was born from the beginning, it attracted a lot of jobs composers. 1920, conductor Paul Luohuaiteman organized a well-known band to jazz works adapted into a concert hall. This new trend has been much "serious" jazz lovers of fierce opposition, however, this is after the well-known jazz in the United States and Europe, was widely welcomed. Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue" was born at this time for this work who is the Whiteman band orchestration the composer Ge Luofei. In accordance with the manuscript on the record, write this work took only three weeks, almost immediately after the performance caused a sensation. There are also many European composers to jazz-based or affected by the works of jazz, such as: Debussy's piano piece "ugly black strange gait Dance" (1908), "il trovatore" (1910), "Frankenstein Ravi Namibia General "(1910); Ravel's Violin Sonata in the slow movement (Bruce); Stravinsky's" 11 solo instruments Leigetaimu "(1919)," The Soldier's Tale "(1918 ), "black wood Concerto"; Hindemith's "Chamber Music No." (Op. 24, atonal) and the Piano Suite (1922).
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