zì cáo xuě qín pī píng “ qiān bù gòng chū yī tào ” hòu， cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō yī shí chéng wéi fǎn miàn yì shù chuàng zuò diǎn xíng， yóu cǐ， tā céng jīng de huī huáng lì shǐ yě biàn dé mó hú， bùwèi rén men suǒ shú zhī， zhè dà dà yǐng xiǎng liǎo rén men duì tā men de wén xué shǐ yán jiū hé wén xué shǐ píng jià。 qí shí， cáo xuě qín yào zài《 hóng lóu mèng》 zhōng dà lì dì pī píng cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō， jiù shuō míng tā céng jīng hěn yòu yǐng xiǎng lì， yīn cǐ， miáo shù cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō de xīng shèng qíng kuàng hěn yòu bì yào。
zhè yī xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò lèi xíng shèng xíng qíng kuàng zhù yào biǎo xiàn wéi yǐ xià jǐ gè fāng miàn：
dì yī， shèng xíng hǎi nèi wài。 cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō zhōng de diǎn xíng dài biǎo zuò《 yù jiāo lí》、《 píng shān lěng yàn》、《 hǎo qiú chuán》 yǐ jí《 jīn yún qiáo chuán》 děng zuò pǐn， zài dāng shí yǐ jīng fēng xíng hǎi nèi wài， qí bǎn běn shù liàng zhī duō、 liú xíng fàn wéi zhī guǎng、 liú xíng shí jiān zhī cháng， shí lìng rén jīng yà。
yǐ bǎn běn shù liàng lùn，《 yù jiāo lí》 xiǎo shuō xiàn cún de bǎn běn dà yuē yòu 46 zhǒng、《 píng shān lěng yàn》 dà yuē yòu 45 zhǒng，《 hǎo qiú chuán》 dà yuē yòu 23 zhǒng， yǔ rén men 'ěr shú néng xiáng de《 sān guó yǎn yì》、《 fēng shén yǎn yì》 děng xiǎo shuō bǎn běn shù liàng bù xiāng shàng xià。
ér qiě zhè xiē xiǎo shuō hái bèi fān yì chéng wài guó wén zì， shòu dào guó wài dú zhě de huān yíng。 lǔ xùn xiān shēng zài《 zhōng guó xiǎo shuō shǐ lüè》 zhōng suǒ shuō：《 hǎo qiú chuán》 zài“ wài guó tè yòu míng， yuǎn shèng yú qí zài zhōng guó”。 tā zǎo zài 1719 nián（ kāng xī wǔ shí bā nián） yǐ yòu bù wán zhěng de yì gǎo dài dào yīng guó， 1761 nián（ qián lóng 'èr shí 'èr nián） yòu wán zhěng yīng yì běn， bǐ《 yù jiāo lí》（ 1821 nián）、《 píng shān lěng yàn》（ 1860 nián） de zuì zǎo yì běn yào zǎo dé duō。 tā de yì běn yòu yīng、 fǎ、 hé、 dé、 rì wén děng 30 duō zhǒng。《 yù jiāo lí》 céng bèi yì wéi yīng wén、 fǎ wén、 dé wén。 gē dé、 hēi gé 'ěr hái céng pō wéi xīn shǎng dì tí dào guò zhè běn xiǎo shuō。《 jīn yún qiáo chuán》， cóng xiàn zài bǎo cún de bǎn běn qíng kuàng kàn， dà zhǒng xiù gāo shì《 zēng bǔ zhōng guó tōng sú xiǎo shuō shū mù》 zhōng biān lù yòu liù zhǒng， dàn shì， zhè bù xiǎo shuō chū xiàn yī bǎi duō nián hòu， bèi chū shǐ zhōng guó de yuè nán zuò jiā ruǎn yōu jiàn dào， bìng jiāng qí gǎi biān wéi yuè nán nán chuán《 jīn yún qiáo chuán》， yǐ hòu zhè bù xiǎo shuō chéng wéi shì jiè míng zhù， bèi fān yì chéng fǎ wén、 yīng wén、 rì wén、 jié kè wén、 zhōng wén děng duō guó wén zì。
dì 'èr， yòu xiāng dāng guǎng fàn de dú zhě qún。 yǐ《 píng shān lěng yàn》 xiǎo shuō yuè dú qíng kuàng wéi lì， kě yǐ fā xiàn， tā de dú zhě yòu gè gè céng cì de rén： 1、 xué zhě。 qīng chū zhù míng xué zhě hé chāo céng jiāng zì jǐ de shī bǐ zuò“《 píng shān lěng yàn》 tǐ”， zài《 yǔ mǒu rén shū》 zhōng， tā shuō：“ pú shī hé zú dào，《 méi huā》 zhū yǒng，《 píng shān lěng yàn》 tǐ， nǎi méng chēng shuō， huáng kuì！” cóng zhè tiáo zī liào kě yǐ tuī cè chū duō tiáo xìn xī， a、 hé chāo běn rén kàn guò qiě jiào shú xī《 píng shān lěng yàn》； b、 hé chāo tōng xìn de duì xiàng yě kàn guò《 píng shān lěng yàn》； c、 dāng shí yòu suǒ wèi“ píng shān lěng yàn tǐ” shuō fǎ； d、 gāo jí zhī shí fènzǐ zhōng， yòu xīn shǎng、 yuè dú《 píng shān lěng yàn》 de rén， qiě dú zhě hái bù zài shǎo shù。 2、 zuò jiā： wáng qiāng tè de xiǎo shuō《 gū shān zài mèng》 zhōng， qián yǔ lín yuē：“ qián kàn《 píng shān lěng yàn》， qí zhōng bái yàn shī jìn hǎo， yǐ wéi wú rén zài gēng。 wǒ 'èr rén jīn rì， yì yǐ bái yàn wéi tí， gè zuò yī shǒu， kàn bǐ jiù shī hé rú？” zhè tiáo zī liào shǒu xiān biǎo míng， xiǎo shuō zuò jiā kàn guò《 píng shān lěng yàn》； tóng shí zhè tiáo zī liào hái kě néng 'àn shì， dāng shí xiàng qián yǔ lín zhè yàng de yī bān de dú shū réndōu shú xī《 píng shān lěng yàn》 xiǎo shuō，《 píng shān lěng yàn》 xiǎo shuō de nèi róng kě yǐ zuò wéi pǔ tōng de tán huà bèi jǐng。 zài rú jìng tián zhù rén“ jīn shí yuán xù” yún：“ rú《 qíng mèng tuò》、《 yù lóu chūn》、《 yù jiāo lí》、《 píng shān lěng yàn》 zhū xiǎo shuō， kuài zhì rén kǒu， yóu lái yǐ jiǔ， ……”。 sōng lín jū shì zài píng jià《 èr dù méi qí shuō》 zhōng yún：“ xiǎo shuō zuì zhù zhě《 hǎo qiú chuán》、《 yù jiāo lí》、《 píng shān lěng yàn》 zhī lèi，……” 3、 pī píng zhě： liú tíng jī《 zài yuán zá zhì》 zhōng yún“ jìn rì zhī xiǎo shuō， ruò《 píng shān lěng yàn》、《 qíng mèng tuò》、《 fēng liú pèi》、《 chūn liǔ yīng》、《 yù jiāo lí》 děng lèi， jiā rén cái zǐ， mù sè mù cái，……”。 4、 pǔ tōng dú zhě， xiàn cún“ tiān huā cáng pī píng píng shān lěng yàn sì cái zǐ shū cáng běn” dì shí 'èr huí píng yǔ zhōng shuō，“ yú xiàng yuè zhū xiǎo yán， wèi dū jiáo là， jīn shǐ jiàn ‘ sì cái zǐ ’， yì 'ér píng zhī。 dì hèn qiè shēng jiào wǎn， bù jí xì wéi diǎn zhuì 'ěr。” zhè wèi píng diǎn zhě kě néng shì wèi nǚ xìng， zhè shuō míng zhè lèi xiǎo shuō zài dāng shí yòu xiāng dāng duō de nǚ xìng dú zhě。
dì sān， yòu chuàng zuò dà jiā yǐ jí zuò jiā qún chū xiàn。 yóu yú《 yù jiāo lí》、《 píng shān lěng yàn》 liǎng bù zuò pǐn zài chū bǎn fāng miàn huò dé liǎo jù dà de chéng gōng， tā men de chuàng zuò zhě tiān huā zàngzhù rén yòu chuàng zuò liǎo rú《 dìng qíng rén》、《 liǎng jiāo hūn》、《 fēi huā yǒng》、《 huà tú yuán》、《 sài hóng sī》、《 jǐn yí tuán》、《 lín 'ér bào》、《 yù zhī jī》 děng yī xì liè cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō zuò pǐn。 cóng dà zhǒng xiù gāo de《 zēng bǔ zhōng guó tōng sú xiǎo shuō shū mù》 de zī liào kàn，《 lín 'ér bào》 xiàn cún bǎn běn 11 zhǒng，《 huà tú yuán》 7 zhǒng，《 liǎng jiāo hūn》 6 zhǒng，《 yù zhī jī》 6 zhǒng， zhè xiē zuò pǐn hé shù jù kě yǐ shuō míng zhè wèi tiān huā zàngzhù rén bù fán de chuàng zuò néng lì hé shì chǎng hào zhào lì， kān chēng cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò dà jiā。
zài dāng shí， chú liǎo tiān huā zàngzhù rén zhè wèi cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò dà jiā zhī wài， hái chū xiàn liǎo xiàng zuì lǐ yān shuǐ sǎnrén、 huì shuǐ 'ān yáng jiǔ mín、 wú zhōng pèi héng zǐ、 wèi bīn lì fū、 nán yuè dào rén、 yún yáng chī chī dào rén、 yān xiá sǎnrén、 yān xiá yì shì、 hé guān shǐ zhě、 sū 'ān zhù rén、 míng jiào zhōng rén、 qiáo yún shān rén、 bù yuè zhù rén、 lóng qiū bái yún dào rén、 bái yún dào rén、 xī huā zhù rén、 gǔ wú sù 'ān zhù rén děng zuò jiā， zhè xiē rén yǐ jí tā men de zuò pǐn chū xiàn shí jiān dà yuē dōuzài qīng shùn zhì mò nián dào qīng kāng xī chū nián， dà duō shù zuò pǐn yědōu chū xiàn zài jiāng nán yī dài。 ér qiě zhè xiē zuò jiā yǐ jí zuò pǐn yòu xiē yǔ tiān huā zàngzhù rén yòu zhe qiān sī wàn lǚ de lián xì。 lì rú， tí yuē qīng xīn cái rén biān cì de《 jīn yún qiáo chuán》， yòu tiān huā zàngzhù rén 'ǒu tí de xù yán； tí yuē“ yān xiá sǎnrén” zhuàn de《 huàn zhōng zhēn》， yòu tiān huā zàngzhù rén de xù；《 huà tú yuán》， yòu tiān huā zàngzhù rén de xù yán， yòu yòu bǎn běn tí“ bù yuè zhù rén dìng”， děng děng。
chú zhè xiē liú xià xìng míng de zuò jiā zhī wài， hái yòu dà liàng zuò pǐn bù tí zhuàn rén， zhè xiē wú míng shì de chuàng zuò duì cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō de xīng shèng qǐ dào liǎo tuī bō zhù lán de zuò yòng。 yóu shàng miàn de zī liào kě yǐ tuī cè， dāng shí de cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò chū xiàn liǎo yǐ tiān huā zàngzhù rén wéi dài biǎo zuò jiā de zuò jiā qún。
dì sì， yòu dà liàng zuò pǐn chū xiàn。 cóng xiàn cún cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō zuò pǐn lái kàn， dà yuē yòu jiāng jìn bǎi bù zuò pǐn， ér shùn、 kāng jiān jiào wéi jí zhōng dì chū xiàn de qiě bǐ jiào diǎn xíng de zuò pǐn yòu jiāng jìn 30 yú bù， chú shàng shù de tiān huā zàngzhù rén de 11 bù zuò pǐn yǐ jí《 jīn yún qiáo chuán》、《 hǎo qiú chuán》 zhī wài， hái yòu zuì lǐ yān shuǐ sǎnrén de《 nǚ kāi kē chuán》、《 hé pǔ zhū》、《 yuān yāng pèi》、《 míng yuè tái》； hé guān shǐ zhě de《 chūn liǔ yīng》； wú zhōng pèi héng zǐ de《 wú jiāng xuě》； huì shuǐ 'ān yáng jiǔ mín de《 qíng mèng tuò》、 lóng qiū bái yún dào rén《 yù lóu chūn》； wèi bīn lì fū de《 gū shān zài mèng》、 yān xiá sǎnrén de《 fèng huáng chí》； bái yún dào rén de《 sài huā líng》、 xī huā sǎnrén pī píng de《 wǎn rú yuē》、 nán yuè dào rén de《 hú dié méi》、 yún yáng chī chī dào rén de《 wǔ fèng yín》、 yān xiá yì shì de《 qiǎo lián zhū》； sū 'ān zhù rén de《 xiù píng yuán》； gǔ wú sù 'ān zhù rén de《 jǐn xiāng tíng》， děng děng。
cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō céng jīng zhè yàng huī huáng xīng shèng， zì rán yòu tā de yī dìng kě qǔ zhī chù， dàn shì， zhè zhǒng kě qǔ zhī chù bìng bù néng yǎn gài qí chuàng zuò bāo kuò qí zhōng de yī xiē bǐ jiào hǎo de zuò pǐn suǒ cún zài de zhì mìng quē diǎn， zài jiā shàng dà liàng zuò pǐn de chóngfù、 chén xí， suǒ yǐ cái zǐ jiā rén xiǎo shuō zuì zhōng chéng wéi yì shù chuàng zuò de fǎn miàn diǎn xíng yě jiù zài suǒ nán miǎn liǎo。
（ guāng míng rì bào qiū jiāng níng zuò zhě dān wèi： zhè jiāng shī fàn dà xué）
Since Cao criticism "of a _set_ of 1000" after a negative moment Romances classic art, thus, it's glorious history has become blurred, not well known, which greatly affected the people on them Literary History and Literary History of evaluation. In fact, Cao Xueqin in the "Dream of Red Mansions" in strong criticism Romances, which means it has been very influential, therefore, the prosperity of the situation described Romances necessary.
The prevalence of this novel type of mainly the following aspects:
First, popular at home and abroad. Romantic fiction classic masterpiece "Jen pear", "Leng Yan Ping," "Ho-kau Biography" and "On Strange Biography" and other works, has been popular at the time at home and abroad, their version of their number, the breadth of popular, The length of popular indeed surprising.
On the version number, "Jen pear" the existing version of the novel about 46 species, "Ping Leng Yan" about 45 species, "Ho-kau Biography" about 23 species, and people familiar with the "Three Kingdoms", "closed God of Romance "and other novel version of the number of par.
Second, there is a wide readership. "Flat Mountain Cold Yan," Novel read as an example, we find that readers who have all levels: 1, scholars. Ho Cheuk Early renowned scholars who will own poetry as "a" Ping Leng Yan "body" in "the book with someone", he said: "The servant Yongzheng poem" Plum "Zhu Yong," Pingshanlengyan Yan, "body, is kept as saying that Huang Kui!" can be inferred from this information more than information, a, Ho Cheuk I read and the more familiar "Ping Leng Yan"; b, Ho Cheuk communication objects are also seen "Ping Leng Yan"; c, then the so-called "Ping Leng Yan body" argument; d, intellectuals, there is appreciation, reading "Ping Leng Yan" people, and readers to be many. 2, author: Wang Qiang characteristics of the novel "Dream of Gushan again", the money rain forest said: "before watching" Ping Leng Yan ", which Baiyan poetry do good, that no longer Geng. I have two today, they also Yan Bai for the title, all for one, look at than the old poetry of them? "this information at the out_set_ that writers read," Ping Leng Yan "; while this information may also be suggested that this was as much rain in general people are reading familiar with the "Ping Leng Yan" fiction, "Ping Leng Yan" the contents of the novel can be used as the background of ordinary conversation. Another example of static tim masters "stone edge order," saying: "such as" Love Dream watchman's rattle, "" Yu Louchun "," Jen pear "," Ping Leng Yan "all fiction, popular, long-standing ... ...." Buddhist pine in the evaluation of "second Mecci said," Cloud: "The most novel author of" Ho-kau Biography "," Jen pear "," Ping Leng Yan "and the like, ... ..." 3 Critics: Loyalty, Rocky " In the Garden magazine, "Cloud" has the novel, if the "Ping Leng Yan", "Love Dream watchman's rattle," "Merry with", "Spring Warblers", "Jen pear", and the like, beautiful woman gifted scholar, Mu Mu before color , ... .... " 4, the average reader, the existing "hidden criticism of smallpox Pingshanlengyan Yan Four Talented Scholars possession of the" 12th back reviews said, "I read all the small words, taste is Juela, see this before 'd wit', while the assessment of different . s concubine students hate late, not as fine as decorative ear. "The Comment may be female, indicating that these novels were a considerable number of female readers.
In addition to these anonymous writers, there are a lot of work does not question the Composers, the creation of these Anonymous on the rise Romances played a large turnout. By the above information can be speculated that, when the scholar-beauty novels appeared in the ceiling represented by possession of the master writer of writers.
Romances flourish once brilliant, naturally it must merit, but this merit can not conceal its creation, including some of the good works of the existence of a fatal drawback, coupled with a lot of duplication of work Chen Xi, so Romances eventually become the opposite of the typical art also ruled out.
(Guangming Daily Trend and Popular Author: Zhejiang Normal University)
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