麯 bend分类表
散麯 a type of verse

  是一種同音樂結的長短句歌詞,經過長期醖釀,到宋金時期又吸收一些民間流行的麯詞和少數民族的樂麯,於是逐步形成一種新的詩歌形式。金元時在北方流行,故散麯又稱北麯。它包括小令、套數和介於兩者之間的帶過麯等姓种种氏主要形式。
  
  散麯或稱為"清麯"、"樂府"。它有兩基本類型:小令與套麯。所謂小令主要是指單麯子,但也包括"帶過麯"與"重頭小令"。在這兩者之中,前者指同一宮調中三個以下單麯子的聯,它們所使用的韻腳是相同的;後者則由數支小令聯而成,此等小令應該是同題同調,內容相聯,首尾句法相同,每首小令可以單獨成韻。至於"套麯"之定一般有三個特:一是全套必須押韻相同;二是有尾聲;三是同宮調的兩個以上的麯組而成。套麯以其較長的篇幅達相對雜之內容,或抒情,或敘事,或抒情敘事兼而有之。
  
  散麯與戲麯雖然不同,但卻有密切關係。明代評論王世貞認為元麯是由早先的"詞"變化而來的。自從金朝與元朝入主中國以來,所使用的樂嘈雜,凄緊緩急變化迅速,以往的詞難以拍,於是就創作"新聲"。可見,散麯是隨着北人入主中原而來,流行於市井巷陌,以後被文人吸收,成為一種專業創作。
  
  散麯之題材多樣,從大量的作品中可以悟到深遠的道與道教的思想意義。首先,在田園山水題材作品中,"道法自然"的精神可謂充盈於其間。散麯作通過自然景物的描寫來寄托自己幽遠情趣,讓自我與自然融為一。其次,在詠物題材中,作者運用諸多意象,以點綴仙境,抒慕道情懷。次,在詠史題材中,作者通過縱的追溯,歌詠隱修道人寧靜的生活,反映煙波釣叟的審美情感。在藝外表電表達手法上,與道門情趣有關的散麯以烘托空寥、淡泊之意境見長,其風格自然質,耐人尋味。


  Is a combination of Long Short Sentence lyrics with the music, after long deliberation, to the Song dynasty to the absorption of some non-popular music lyrics and minorities, thus gradually forming a new poetic form. When Jin and Yuan popular in the north, so the crew called the North Qu. It includes small make, copy number and in between the band through songs such as several major forms.
  Verse and Drama are different, but closely related. Critics of Yuan Ming Wang Shizhen that is earlier "word" change comes. Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasty, China White has been used by Hu noisy music, sad to bear in fast-changing priorities, previous terms is difficult to tune, so he created a "new voice." Visible, the crew is coming with the North Central Plains people, and popular city roadway street, later absorbed by scholars as a kind of professional writing.
  

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