四书类 》 论语拾遗 The Analects of Confucius Supplements 》
钦定四库全书论语拾遗
苏辙 Su Zhe
臣等谨案论语拾遗一卷宋苏辙撰前有自序称少年为论语略解其兄苏轼谪黄州时撰论语说取所解十之二三大观丁亥闲居颍川与其孙籀等讲论语因取轼说之未安者重为此 书轼书宋志作四卷文献通考作十卷今未见传本莫详孰是其说亦不可复考此书所补凡二十七章其以思无邪为无思以从心不逾矩为无心颇涉禅理以茍志于仁矣无恶也为有 爱而无恶亦寃亲平等之见以朝闻道夕死可矣为虽死而不乱尤去来自如之学葢眉山之学本杂出于二氏故也其显驳轼说者凡三条请讨陈恒一章轼以为能克田氏则三桓自服 孔子欲借此以张公室辙则以为虽知其无益而欲明君臣之义子见南子及齐归女乐二章轼以为灵公未受命者故可季桓子己受命者故不可辙则以为诸侯之如卫灵公者多不可 尽去齐间孔子鲁君大夫己受其饵孔子不去则坐受其祸泰伯至徳一章轼以为泰伯不居其名故乱不作鲁隠宋宣取其名是以皆受其祸辙则以为鲁之祸始于摄宋之祸成于好战 皆非让之过也其说皆较轼为长他如以刚毅木讷与巧言令色相证以六蔽章之不好学与入孝出弟章之学文互勘亦颇有所发明歷来着録今亦存备一家焉
乾隆四十二年八月恭校上
总纂官纪昀陆锡熊孙士毅总校官陆费墀
钦定四库全书论语拾遗
予少年为论语略解子瞻谪居黄州为论语说尽取以往今见于其书者十二三也大观丁亥闲居颍川为孙籀简筠讲论语子瞻之说意有所未安时为籀等言之凡二十有七章谓之论语拾遗恨不得一质之子瞻也
巧言令色世之所说也刚毅木讷世之所恶也恶之斯以为不仁矣仁者直道而行无求于人望之俨然即之也温听其言也厉而何巧言令色之有彼为是者真务外不仁耳故曰巧言令 色鲜矣仁又曰刚毅木讷近仁子贡曰贫而无謟富而无骄何如子曰未若贫而乐富而好礼者也夫贫而无謟富而无骄亦可谓贤矣然贫而乐虽欲謟不可得也富而好礼虽欲骄亦不 可得也子贡闻之而悟曰士之至于此者抑其切磋琢磨之功至也欤孔子喜之曰赐也始可与言诗己矣告诸往而知来者举其成功而告之而知其所从来者所谓闻一以知二也欤
易曰无思无为寂然不动感而遂通天下之故诗曰思无邪孔子取之二者非异也惟无思然后思无邪有思则邪矣火必有光心必有思圣人无思非无思也外无物内无我无我既尽心 全而不乱物至而知可否可者作不可者止因其自然而吾未尝思未尝为此所谓无思无为而思之正也若夫以物役思者其邪矣如使寂然不动与木石为偶而以为无思无为则亦何 以通天下之故也哉故曰思无邪思马思徂苟思马而马应则凡思之所及无不应也此所以为感而遂通天下之故也
终日不食终夜不寝致力于思徒思而无益是以知思之不如学也故十有五而志于学则所由适道者顺矣由是以适道知道而未能安则不能行不能行则未可与立惟能安能行乃可 与立故三十而立可与立矣遇变而惑则虽立而不固故四十而不惑则可与权矣物莫能惑人不能迁则行上与天同吾不违天而天亦莫吾违也故五十而知天命人之至于此也其所 以施于物而行于人者至矣然犹未也心之所安耳目接于物而有不顺焉以心御之而后顺则其应必疑故六十而耳顺耳目所遇不思而顺矣然犹有心存焉以心御心乃能中法惟无 心然后从心而不逾矩故七十而从心所欲不逾矩
我与物为二君子之欲交于物也非信无自入矣譬如车轮舆既具牛马既设然而判然二物也夫将何以行之惟为之輗軏以交之而后轮舆得藉于牛马也輗軏辕端持轭者也故曰人 而无信不知其可也大车无輗小车无軏其何以行之哉车与马得輗軏而交我与物得信而交金石之坚天地之逺茍有诚信无所不通吾然后知信之为輗軏也
不仁而久约则怨而思乱久乐则骄而忘患故曰不仁者不可以久处约不可以长处乐然则何所处之而可曰仁人在上则不仁者约而不怨乐而不骄管仲夺伯氏骈邑三百饭疏食没齿无怨言与竖刁易牙俱事桓公终仲之世二子皆不敢动而况管仲之上哉
仁者无所不爱人之至于无所不爱也其蔽尽矣有蔽者必有所爱有所不爱无蔽者无不爱矣子曰惟仁者能好人能恶人以其无蔽也夫然犹有恶也无所不爱则无所恶矣故曰苟至于仁矣无恶也其不仁也亦哀之而已
性之必仁如水之必清火之必明然方土之未去也水必有泥方薪之未尽也火必有烟土去则水无不清薪尽则火无不明矣人而至于不仁则物有以害之也君子无终食之间违仁造 次必于是颠沛必于是非不违仁也外物之害既尽惟一而不杂未尝不仁也若颜子者性亦治矣然而土未尽去薪未尽化力有所未逮也是以能三月不违仁矣而未能遂以终身也其 余则土盛而薪强水火不能胜是以日月至焉而已矣故颜子之心仁人之心也不幸而死学未及究其功不见于世孔子以其心许之矣管仲相桓公九合诸侯一匡天下此仁人之功也 孔子以其功许之矣然而三归反坫其心犹累于物此孔颜之所不为也使颜子而无死切而磋之琢而磨之将造次颠沛于是何三月不违而止哉如管仲生不由礼死而五公子之祸起 齐遂大乱君子之为仁将取其心乎将取其功乎二者不可得兼使天相人以颜子之心收管仲之功庶几无后患也夫
孔氏之门人其闻道者亦寡耳颜子曽子孔门之知道者也故孔子叹之曰朝闻道夕死可矣茍未闻道虽多学而识之至于生死之际未有不自失也茍一日闻道虽死可以不乱矣死而不乱而后可谓学矣
孔子歷试而不用慨然而叹曰道不行乘桴浮于海从我者其由欤此非孔子之诚言葢其一时之叹云尔子路闻之而喜子路亦岂诚欲入海者耶亦喜孔子之知其勇耳子曰由也好勇过我无所取材葢曰无所取材以为是桴也亦戏之云尔虽圣人其与人言亦未免有戏也
令尹子文三仕为令尹无喜色三已之无愠色孔子以忠许之而不与其仁崔子弑齐君陈文子有马十乘弃而违之孔子以清许之而不与其仁此二人者皆春秋之贤大夫也而孔子不 以仁与之孔子之以仁与人也固难殷之三仁孤竹君之二子至于近世惟齐管仲然后以仁许之如令尹子文陈文子虽贤未可以列于仁人之目故冉有子路之政事公西华之应对与 子文之忠文子之清一也
臧文仲鲁之君子也其言行载于鲁而孔子少之曰臧文仲不仁者三不智者三下展禽废六关妾织蒲三不仁也作虚器纵逆祀祀爰居三不智也舍是六者其余皆仁且智也欤孔子曰君子而不仁者有矣夫君子而不仁则臧文仲之类欤
孔子居鲁阳货欲见而不往阳货时其亡也而馈之豚孔子亦时其亡也而往拜之遇诸涂与孔子三言孔子答之无违孔子岂顺阳货者哉不与之较耳孟子曰当是时阳货先岂得不见 夫先之而必答礼之而必报孔子亦有不得已矣孔子之见南子如见阳货必有不得已焉子路疑之而孔子不辨也故曰予所否者天厌之天厌之以为世莫吾知而自信于天云尔
泰伯以國授王季逃之荆蠻天下知王季文武之賢而不知泰伯之徳所以成之者逺矣故曰泰伯其可謂至徳也已矣三以天下讓民無得而稱焉子瞻曰泰伯斷髪文身示不可用使民 無得而稱之有譲國之實而無其名故亂不作彼宋宣魯隱皆存其實而取其名者也是以宋魯皆被其禍予以為不然人患不誠誠無爭心茍非豺狼孰不順之魯之禍始於攝而宋之禍 成於好戰皆非讓之過也漢東海王彊以天下授顯宗唐宋王成器以天下授宗兄弟終身無間言焉豈亦斷髪文
身哉子贡曰泰伯端委以治呉仲雍继之断髪文身孰谓泰㑑断髪文身示不可用者太史公以意言之尔武王曰予有乱臣十人孔子曰才难不其然乎唐虞之际于斯为盛有妇人焉九 人而已妇人者太姒也然则武王盖臣其母乎古者妇人既嫁从夫夫死从子故春秋书鲁僖公之母曰秦人来归僖公成风之襚太姒虽母以九人故谓之臣焉可也
或问子西孔子曰彼哉彼哉郑公孙侨无足焉者葢非所问也楚令尹子西相昭王楚以复国而孔子非之何也昭王欲用孔子子西知孔子之贤而疑其不利楚国使圣人之功不见于世所以深疾之也世之不知孔子者众矣孔子未尝疾之疾其知我而疑我尔
陈成子弑简公孔子沐浴而朝告于哀公曰陈恒弑其君请讨之公曰告夫三子孔子曰以吾从大夫之后不敢不告也君曰告夫三子之三子告不可孔子曰以吾从大夫之后不敢不告也孔子为鲁大夫邻国有弑君
之祸而恬不以为言则是许之也哀公三桓之不足与有立也孔子既知之矣知而犹告以为虽无益于今日而君臣之义犹有儆于后世也子瞻曰哀公患三桓之逼尝欲以越伐鲁而去 之以越伐鲁岂若从孔子而伐齐既克田氏则鲁公室自张三桓将不治而自服此孔子之志也予以为不然古之君子将有立于世必先择其君齐桓虽中主然其所以任管仲者世无有 也然后九合之功可得而成今哀公之妄非可以望桓公也使孔子诚克田而返将谁与保其功然则孔子之忧顾在克齐之后此则孔子之所不为也
古之教人必以学学必教之以道道有上下其形而上者道也其形而下者器也君子上达知其道也小人下达得其器也上达者不私于我不役于物故曰君子学道则爱人下达者知义 之不可犯礼之不可过故曰小人学道则易使也如使人而不知道虽至于君子有不仁者矣小人则无所不至也故曰君子而不仁者有矣夫未有小人而仁者也
有道者不知贫富之异贫而无怨富而无骄一也然而饥寒切于身而心不动非忘身者不能故曰贫而无怨难富而无骄易
孔子以礼乐游于诸侯世知其笃于学而已不知其他也犁弥谓齐景公曰孔丘知礼而无勇若使莱人以兵劫鲁侯必得志焉卫灵公之所以待孔子者始亦至矣然其所以知之者犹犁弥也久而厌之将傲之以其所不知葢问陈焉孔子知其决不用也故明日而行使诚用之虽及军旅之事可也
道之大充塞天地赡足万物诚得其人而用之无所不至也苟非其人道虽存七尺之躯有不能充矣而况其余乎故曰人能弘道非道弘人
人生于欲不知道者未有不为欲所蔽也故曰人之少也血气未定戒之在色始学者未可以语道也故古之教者必始于周南召南周南召南知欲之不可己也而道之以礼以礼济欲夫是以乐而不淫始学者安焉由是以免于蔽子谓伯鱼曰汝为周南召南矣乎人而不为周南召南其犹正墙面而立也欤言欲之蔽也
古之传道者必以言达者得意而忘言则言可尚也小人以言害意因言以失道则言可畏也故曰予欲无言圣人之教人亦多术矣行止语黙无非教者子贡习于听言而未知其余也故曰子如不言则小子何述焉子曰天何言哉四时行焉百物生焉夫岂无以感而通之乎
君子无所不学然而不可胜志也志必有所一而后可志无所一虽博犹杂学也故曰博学而笃志将有问也必切其退而思之必自近者始不然疑而不信也君子之道造端乎夫妇及其 至也察乎天地自夫妇之所能而思之可以知圣人之所不能也故曰切问而近思君子为此二者虽不为仁而仁可得也故曰仁在其中矣弟子入则孝出则弟谨而信泛爱众而亲仁行 有余力则以学文孝悌忠信泛爱而亲仁者其质也有其质矣而无学以文之者皆未免于有过也故曰好仁不好学其蔽也愚好智不好学其蔽也荡好信不好学其蔽也贼好直不好学 其蔽也绞好勇不好学其蔽也乱好刚不好学其蔽也狂此六者皆美质也而无学以文之则其病至此故曰十室之邑必有忠信如丘者焉不如丘之好学也质如孔子而不知学皆六蔽 之所害葢无足怪也
子曰三年学不至于谷不易得也谷善也善之成而可用如苖之实而可食也尽其心力于学三年而不见其成功者世无有也
群居终日言不及义此里巷之鄙夫直情而恣行者也而孔子何难焉葢知不义之可恶而欲以小惠要誉于世世必以是取之此孔子之所难也
卫灵公以南子自污孔子去鲁从之不疑季桓子以女乐之故三日不朝孔子去之如避寇雠子瞻曰卫灵公未受命者故可季桓子己受命者故不可予以为不然孔子之世诸侯之过如卫灵公者多矣而可尽去乎齐人以女乐间孔子鲁君大夫既食其饵矣使孔子安而不去则坐待其祸无可为矣非卫南子之比也
Supplements like a roll of the Analects of Confucius Chendeng case before Sung Su Che essays preface that a little young to understand his brother Su Analects disgrace Huangzhou essays take the solution of the Analects of Confucius, said 10 of the 23 Grand homage to their homebound Yingchuan Analects of Confucius, Sun Zhou and other stresses that due to take Shi An important person of this book is not written SONG Zhi Shi for XXX for the four-volume Book of General pass this no details of what the MO is the book that has not re-examination of the chapter make it to where twenty-seven Thought of Justice for the non-thinking from the heart without transgressing the mood quite as involved with Zen Chi Gou Ren carry on with no love and no evil for evil is also injustice to see the pro-equality hear the Tao Xi die without regret in particular for the lived and not chaos to learn from, such as the science of the Gai Meishan's so complicated for two split-Shi also said it was where the three were invited to discuss chapter Heng Tian Shi that can overcome the self-serving is three Huan Zhang Confucius like to take this to the public room rut is useless and wish to know that the next monarch, although the meaning of Nan-zi, and Qi Shi owned by two chapters that the female soul music is not ordered by the public so it can be Jihuan Zi who have ordered is not that the princes of the rut as Duke Ling of Wei those who can not do much to Dr. Qi Lu Jun between Confucius Confucius had not then sit by their bait under its curse to Taber Taber DS chapter Shi thought disorder is not home so his name is not declared for Lu 隠 Song whichever is based are subject to its name bad rut is that the disaster began Lu Song taken none so bad as in the militant had also said all of its length than the Shi as his fortitude stiff as to permit a six-phase with the clever cover of bad science and into Chapter filial a brother each chapter of the exploration and study the text has quite a record this invention also always kept a Yan
Qianlong four years the school on August Christine
Compile the official total bear Ji Yun Lu Xi Lu Fei Chi Sun Shiyi total lieutenant-colonel
请欣赏:
请给我换一个看看！ 拜托，快把噪音停掉！我读累了，想听点音乐或者请来支歌曲！
|
|
|