现实百态 》 無名的裘德 Jude the Obscure 》
第一部 在馬利格林 Part First
托馬斯·哈代 Thomas Hardy
Part First
中文片名：無名的裘德
導演：邁剋爾·溫特伯頓Michael Winterbottom
編劇：Hossein Amini .....screenplay
托馬斯·哈代Thomas Hardy .....novel Jude the Obscure
主演：剋裏斯托弗·埃剋萊斯頓Christopher Eccleston .....Jude Fawley
凱特·溫絲萊特Kate Winslet .....Sue Bridehead
瑞切爾·格裏菲斯Rachel Griffiths .....Arabella
影片類型：愛情 / 劇情
片長：123 min / Germany:118 min (TV version)
國傢/地區：英國
對白語言：英語 拉丁語
色彩：彩色 黑白
幅面：35毫米膠片變形寬銀幕
混音：杜比數碼環繞聲
電影《無名的裘德》-劇情梗概
裘德是一個聰明而勤奮的孤兒，自小被農夫養大，但他渴望有朝一日成為大學生，能過上美好的生活。可惜他跟當地的美少女阿爾貝拉一度春風之後被逼成婚，失去念大學的資格，但他還是搬到大學城附近工作，希望獲得入學機會。開始的激情永遠也敵不過時間的衝刷，加上不同的性格和文化水平使得兩人間慢慢地出現了不愉快。裘德逐漸無法忍受阿拉貝拉本性那粗野和難以相融的性格，阿拉貝拉也一樣。一天，阿拉貝拉終於離開了裘德。此時，裘德心中的理想又再恢復了。
滿懷信心的裘德終於要展開他人生的另一個旅途。他離開了瑪格利倫村前往大學城去尋找自己的夢想。裘德在大學城裏安頓了下來，他找到了一份石匠的工作，可以一邊工作一邊學習一邊申請進入大學。在此期間，他找到了兒時的恩師——費樂生。可是費樂生並不如裘德所想的已經取得了大學的學位，成為高級的學者，而是一間簡陋的小學的校長。原來大學一直沒有接納這位鄉間的小學教師，在失敗中費樂生早已放棄進入大學的理想。
在此期間,愛的女神又一次來到裘德的身邊。在大學城的街道上, 他遇到了令他又一次心動的女子表妹——蘇。可是有一天，蘇卻要提出離開大學城。原來她已被工藝店開除，因為前衛的思想和她的那些工藝品為店東所不容。可是裘德卻不想讓蘇離開這個城市，於是裘德請求老師聘請蘇，使得蘇得到了工作。可是裘德馬上要為他的决定感到後悔了！費樂生一開始便對蘇産生了好感，這使得裘德很是痛苦。迫於親緣的關係，裘德和蘇都不敢打破禁忌。
當蘇嫁給了他人，裘德終於衝破了心中壓抑已久的感情。他們不理世俗，不想後果，衹要一起，即使流浪到天涯都無所畏懼。 一番的流離，他們又回到了大學城，而此時裘德剛好又碰到大學城的遊行，這使得裘德的心中的願望更加強烈了。不久，裘德以淵博學識在大學中得到教職。可得當夢想實現的那一天，悲劇卻出現了。小裘德在殺死兩個弟妹後，自己也自殺了。可憐的小裘德艱辛的生活選擇了絶路。命運也從此毀滅了這個家庭。蘇也巨大的痛苦中離開了裘德，她認為現在的情況是自己的不潔的罪過所遭到的巨大的懲罰。
電影《無名的裘德》-導演介紹
邁剋爾·溫特伯頓1961出生於英國布萊剋本，最初他從事的是電視行業，而後開始從電視轉行電影導演。他一直是英國當代導演的中堅力量。
“爭議”似乎是溫特伯頓的作品的共同屬性。其故事片處女作《蝴蝶之吻》 (1994)是典型的英國公路電影，瘋狂與極端的表現手段和女同性戀題材令溫特伯頓一鳴驚人； 《歡迎來到薩拉熱窩》 (1997)大膽地提出自己對巴爾幹半島戰爭的看法；2003年，仿紀錄片風格的《塵世之間》為他贏得柏林電影節金熊奬，隨後他推出了在上海取景的未來題材影片《代碼46》 ；去年推出小成本情色電影《情欲九歌》和根據歷史改編的影片《項狄傳：無稽之談》均引來褒貶兩方面極端的評價。
2006年他攜新作《關塔那摩之路》參加了柏林電影節，一舉獲得了最佳導演銀熊奬，這是一部敏感的政治題材影片，再現了美軍攻打阿富汗期間，三名英國穆斯林被美軍無故在古巴關塔納摩監獄關押了兩年的事件。
電影《無名的裘德》-精彩視點
《無名的裘德》改編自英國著名小說傢托馬斯·哈代的同名小說，並由名導演邁剋爾·溫特博特姆執導。原小說一經問世，就在當時的社會引起很大的反響，書中人物的歷程頗受爭議。現在把小說改編成電影，加入電影新元素使之更加淋漓盡致地表達了人性動人一面。
這部電影講述的是英國維多利亞時代一位下層青年對事業以及理想追求，而不得以導致毀滅的悲劇。影片從個人背景、社會環境以及人物行為等方面展開，刻畫了這段浪漫的悲劇，展現了當時社會的不平與當時青年奮發追求的悲哀。同時，這部影片也是凱特·溫斯萊特在演出《泰坦尼剋號》走紅之前主演的著名文藝片，其在片中的高超演技，更使影片所要表達的感情內容得到完美的發揮。本片曾獲得2006年卡羅維發利國際電影節水晶球奬的提名。
感動的片段
（1）裘德和蘇離開費勞孫後，對未來滿懷憧憬，在海灘和自行車上嬉戲`為了生活四處奔波
（2）蘇生下女嬰，裘德叮囑抱着女嬰的兒子:“Be careful.”
電影《無名的裘德》-影片評論
這是一部好電影，雖然是某個人類個體的命運故事，但是其中表現了非常豐富的生活細節，很文學化，所以有了史詩的氣魄和韻律，這是關於某個無名小卒的史詩，凄美而又波瀾壯闊。
裘德一個生於農村的孩子，小時候他就被灌輸大學生是多麽的偉大、多麽的好，於是，他就努力在努力的讀書，所以他很厲害，他懂希臘語，他會用拉丁語背誦教條，直到他認識了屠戶的女兒，當他在屋內讀書，外面卻是自己妻子在殺豬，放血、破肚取腸，妻子看出了他的不齒，於是，離開了他，隨後，他搬到了大學城附近，找了一個石匠的工作，也在不停的往學院送去錄取信，但是，得到的都是輕衊的回覆和慘淡的微笑，他又一次遇到了妻子並且離了婚，他的表妹蘇美麗大方，漸漸兩人的接觸促使了一段凄慘的戀情...
蘇為了掩飾對表哥的曖昧不得已而成婚，但是，她對表哥的愛卻愈演愈烈，最終兩人各自放棄婚姻走到了一起，他們並沒有去教堂正式登記結婚，這也成為他們今後生活無法逾越的障礙，裘德和前妻的孩子由於沒人撫養，衹好裘德作為其唯一監護人撫養小裘德，蘇這時也懷了孕，時光飛逝，他們有了三個孩子，並且回到了大學城，可是這種情況下，生活已經極其艱難，他們找到一傢旅店，旅店的男主人回來，知道他們沒有結婚卻帶着三個孩子，則勒令他們衹住一晚，這時，小裘德問起是否是我們孩子太多了，人傢不收留我們，蘇說是我們人太多了，第二天，小裘德掐死了自己的兩個妹妹，自己也上吊自殺了，蘇離開了裘德，幾年後裘德在孩子們的墓地再次遇見了蘇，他們吻後黯然離別，這段凄慘的戀情結束了，但是他們還是彼此愛着對方！
這部電影透過裘德的兩段感情來反映出社會的黑暗以及下層人民無聊度日的齷齪思想，其實無論裘德如何努力、如何進取，他都不會成為大學生，因為在當時的社會下層人民是無法成為實現自己理想和遠大報負的高等貴族，儘管，你知道幾國語言，知道上帝的一切，這已經不是關鍵了！
裘德會說：“我們不結婚、我們的愛沒有錯，衹是我們要等着時代的改變！”裘德的話很真誠，兩個彼此相愛的人在一起生活，互相幫扶，是沒有錯，唯一使他們低賤無法正視生活的是社會，
電影《無名的裘德》電影《無名的裘德》
是那個披着高尚紳士的外衣內心卻無比狹隘和齷齪的社會，影片最後裘德的最後一句控訴：“世上還有誰比我們更像夫妻”！是啊！在當時肯定會有無數的有情人因為各種原因不能在一起而發出這樣的慨嘆，這又是社會帶來的擠壓，社會就想一個葫蘆，上層的人們可以透過壺口迎接陽光，而這些社會底層衹能被夾在中間無法呼吸，無法生存，儘管他們很堅強，但是任何堅強的臂膀也無法對抗無形的重壓！就如那個中文片名《無名的裘德》，其實是一種無聲的吶喊，這部影片放在任何時間、任何社會都會是一部警醒人類且蕩氣回腸的平民史詩！！
“天下還有誰能比我們更像夫妻，理想的靈魂不容於時代，衹能領受時代給人的悲哀。”這是一個書生的愛情。但可能很少的人敢於從肺腑裏喊出來：“我們比世上的任何夫妻更像夫妻！”。
愛從來就不會完全自由，如果秩序是無往不在的枷鎖，理性是生存得以可能的要義，那麽人的感性必須受排擠。這或是悲劇的宿命，卻是JUDE不信的。所理解的愛的實現是“要活在一起”纔是愛，超越一切就是為了能夠與愛廝守，也就是JUDE執意追尋的那種，想要看到蘇，想要得到蘇，為了蘇他願意輾轉於許多城市，讓理想於現實中找到可以棲息的天地。或許悲劇的存在就在於此－－－人們善於為愛找到萬千種堅持的理由，卻不善於為愛找到緑野仙蹤似的途徑；擁有感性的火熱，但卻不足把心煉鑠為金。
看這電影，是一次悲情的求證。
第一部 在馬利格林
“是啊，確有許多人醉心於女人，神魂顛倒，不惜為了她們而當奴僕。 還有許多人因女人之故身敗名裂，執迷不悟，罪孽深重……啊，難道女人 真是這麽強大，你們男人衹好讓她們為所欲為？”
——艾司德拉斯
Jude the Obscure is the last of Thomas Hardy's novels, begun as a magazine serial and first published in book form in 1895. The book was burned publicly by William Walsham How, Bishop of Wakefield, in that same year. Its hero, Jude Fawley, is a working-class young man who dreams of becoming a scholar. The two other main characters are his earthy wife, Arabella, and his cousin, Sue. Themes include class, scholarship, religion, marriage, and the modernisation of thought and society.
Plot introduction
The novel has an elaborately structured plot, in which subtle details and accidents lead to the characters' ruin. It also develops many different themes. These include how human loneliness and sexuality can stop a person from trying to fulfill his dreams, how, when free from the trap of marriage, one's dreams will not be fulfilled if one is of a lower status, how the educated classes are often more like sophists than intellectuals, how living a libertine life full of integrity and passion will be condemned as scandalous in traditional society, and how religion is nothing but a mistaken sense that the tragedies that wear down an individual are the result of having sinned against a higher being.
There are strong autobiographical references to Hardy's own life in Jude the Obscure. Like Jude, Hardy did not go to university; like Sue, Hardy's first wife, Emma Gifford, also became more and more religious as years passed.
Plot summary
The novel tells the story of Jude Fawley, a village stonemason in the southwest English region of Wessex who yearns to be a scholar at "Christminster", a city modelled on Oxford, England. In his spare time while working in his aunt's bakery, he teaches himself Greek and Latin. Before he can try to enter the university, the naïve Jude is manipulated, through a process he later calls erotolepsy, into marrying a rather coarse and superficial local girl, Arabella Donn, who deserts him within two years. By this time, he has abandoned the classics altogether.
After Arabella leaves him, Jude moves to Christminster and supports himself as a mason while studying alone, hoping to be able to enter the university later. There, he meets and falls in love with his free-spirited cousin, Sue Bridehead. Jude shortly introduces Sue to his former schoolteacher, Mr. Phillotson, whom she later marries. Sue is satisfied by the normality of her married life, but quickly finds the relationship an unhappy one; besides being in love with Jude, she is physically disgusted by her husband, and, apparently, by sex in general.
Sue eventually leaves Phillotson for Jude. Sue and Jude spend some time living together without any sexual relationship; they are both afraid to get married because their family has a history of tragic unions, and think that being legally bound to one another might destroy their love. Jude eventually convinces Sue to sleep with him and, over the years, they have two children together. They are also bestowed with a child "of an intelligent age" from Jude's first marriage, whom Jude did not know about earlier. He is named Jude and nicknamed "Little Father Time".
Jude and Sue are socially ostracised for living together unmarried, especially after the children are born. Jude's employers always dismiss him when they find out, and landlords evict them. The precocious Little Father Time, believing that he and his half-siblings are the source of the family's woes, murders Sue's two children and commits suicide by hanging himself; and the suicide and murder note reads: "Done because we are too menny."
Beside herself with grief, Sue turns to the church that has ostracised her and comes to believe that the children's deaths were divine retribution for her relationship with Jude. Although horrified at the thought of resuming her physical relationship with Phillotson, she nevertheless returns to him and becomes his wife again. Jude is devastated, and remarries Arabella in a drunken haze. After one final, desperate visit to Sue in freezing weather, Jude becomes seriously ill and dies within the year, whilst Sue has grown 'staid and worn' with Phillotson.
Reviews
Called "Jude the Obscene" by at least one reviewer, Jude the Obscure received a harsh reception from scandalised critics; it is thought largely for this reason that Hardy made the decision to produce only poetry and drama for his remaining 32 years.
Jude was first published under the title The Simpletons; and then Hearts Insurgent in the European and American editions of Harper's New Monthly Magazine from December 1894 until November 1895. The initial, serialised edition was substantially different from the later novelized form. Many minor changes were made because the magazine publishers insisted — for moral reasons. Large portions of the plot were also different.
D. H. Lawrence, an admirer of Hardy, was puzzled by the character of Sue Bridehead, and attempted to analyse her sexual problem in his essay "A Study of Thomas Hardy" (1914).
At least one recent scholar has postulated that Jude borrowed heavily from an earlier novel The Wages of Sin by Lucas Malet.
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
The novel has been adapted into two major feature films:
* Jude the Obscure (1971) , directed by Hugh David, and starring Robert Powell and Fiona Walker
* Jude (1996) , directed by Michael Winterbottom, and starring Christopher Eccleston and Kate Winslet
Part First
AT MARYGREEN
"Yea, many there be that have run out of their wits for women, and become servants for their sakes. Many also have perished, have erred, and sinned, for women.... O ye men, how can it be but women should be strong, seeing they do thus?"--ESDRAS.
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