 二战将帅系列传记
战争可谓人类所能参加的最惊险、最激烈、最残酷的较量，而将帅则堪称战争的灵魂。古人曾说，克敌之要在手将得其人。观古今中外历史，王朝之嬗变，国家之兴亡，莫不与将帅之优劣有关。当然，决定战争胜败的因素是多方面的。战争的性质，战争双方的力量对比，这些都是至关重要的因素。然而，将帅作为战争（或战役）的组织者和指挥者，其作用也是决不容忽视的。可以说，无卓越之将帅，即不能创彪炳之功业，无优秀之指挥，则不能获辉煌之胜果。所以中国古代著名的军事家孙子说；“将者，国之辅也，辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。”法国的拿破仑亦说：“攻略高卢者，非罗马之军队，而系恺撒，震动罗马者，非迦太基之士兵，而系汉尼拔，侵入印度者，非马其顿之军队，而系亚历山大。”将帅之于战争，永远是人们研究和了解战争的重要内容。
第二次世界大战是法西斯侵略者制造的巨大悲剧。在这场正义与邪恶，进步与反动的空前激烈的大厮杀、大搏斗中，站在前列技坚执锐、角力斗智的是同盟国异彩纷呈的众多将帅。他们或横刀立马、驰骋疆场，或羽扇轻摇、运筹惟幄，导演了一幕幕激越高昂、波澜曲折的活剧，使残酷的战争闪烁出人类智慧与勇气的火花。《二战八大将帅》丛书从中重点选收了苏联的朱可夫和崔可夫、美国的麦克阿瑟和巴顿、英国的蒙哥马利，他们都是二战中的风云人物，是同盟国所依赖的柱石，个个功名显赫。苏联元帅、苏军著名统帅朱可夫多谋善断、胆略过人，具有钢铁般的意志和不屈不挠的精神，具有组织实施庞大的坦克机械化兵团进攻和防御作战的杰出才能。正如美国作家索尔兹伯里所说：“朱可夫确实是率领大批军队进行战争的统帅的统帅。”美国五星上将麦克阿瑟战时荣任太平洋西南战区总司令，指挥美国陆海空三军力量，实行“蛙跳”战术，直取日军防线纵深地带的主要目标，从澳大利亚经菲律宾一直打到日本国土。受命于危难之际的蒙哥马利制订作战计划十分细致彻底，善于稳扎稳打，是一位阵地战大师。巴顿作为坦克进攻作战的行家里手，则是一名“热血豪胆”的沙场老将。这几位将领不仅具有良好的战略战术素养，而且对国家的政治目标也有比较透彻的了解，二者的均衡发展，使他们在夺取一个个战役胜利的同时，能够在战略上高敌一筹、立于不败之地，从而在军事领域达到了光辉的顶点。
当然，这些将帅并不是天生的神灵，从初上战场的新兵到登上军事“金字塔”顶端的著名将帅，他们无不经过了艰苦的磨练和刻苦的学习。朱可夫还在列宁格勒高级骑兵学校时就把事业、职责置于一切之上，房间里地图铺满地板，上面勾画得密密麻麻。他们普遍重视从历史知识中吮吸营养。麦克阿瑟说：“军事比其他大多数职业更需要依靠前人明智的决断作为制定未来方案的参考。”巴顿则高声宣布：“你要想成为一个成功的军人，就必须了解历史。”他们对新事物有着敏锐的观察力和预见力，能够及时发现和研究武器装备的变化及其对作战方式的影响。两次世界大战之间武器装备的迅猛发展呼唤着作战模式的划时代变革，在各国军事学术界守旧与变革的激烈争执中，这些著名将帅几乎全是敢走新路的勇者。朱可夫反对把坦克作为步兵支援武器的作法，积极主张建立苏军的坦克机械化部队。巴顿则是美军坦克部队的创始人之一。二战初期，他带着强烈的兴趣注视着欧洲战争的发展，如饥似渴地阅读代表当时先进思想的有关人物的军事理论和作战指导原则。此外，这些将帅均懂得任何灵巧的现代化武器系统都不能代替受过严格训练、富有经验和作战勇敢的士兵，只有平时严格训练、严格要求才能带出一支纪律严明、指挥统一、战斗力强的精锐之师。朱可夫、崔可夫、蒙哥马利、巴顿都以治军严明著称于世。
这套丛书还收入了三位分属于德、日法西斯国家的将领，他们是山本五十六、戈林、隆美尔。这三位将领都是疯狂发动法西斯侵略战争的罪犯，但是他们在战术领域的创造，仍是值得后人研究借鉴的。日本武士山本五十六是日本海军航空兵的缔造者，在偷袭珍珠港时首次把航空母舰编队投入实战，一举开创了世界海战史上的航空打击时代。开战之初，由他率领的日本联合舰队横扫了东南亚和整个西太平洋地区。希特勒的心腹爱将隆美尔，在入侵法国、进军北非和抗登陆于诺曼底中出尽风头，尤其在指挥德军精锐坦克部队鏖兵北非时，他狡诈多变、以少胜多，一度进抵阿拉曼、兵临开罗城，撼动了英国北非防线的中枢神经，成为闻名遇还的“沙漠之狐”。纳粹德国军衔最高的“帝国元帅”戈林，也在组建德国空军并使其密切协同地面部队进行“闪击战”中为希特勒立下汗马功劳。但是，这些将领远不能同上述五位同盟国将领相比，他们虽然在某种程度上可说是一名出色的战术家，却不是什么战略家。他们缺乏通观全局、深谋远虑的战略才能，一旦在一个战略方向独当一面时便显得力不从心。尤其重要的是，他们都死心塌地地为法西斯、为非正义的侵略战争卖命。他们在战术领域的创造，只是将法西斯的侵略推向顶点。他们的才干不仅没有造福人类，反而阻碍和延缓了人类历史发展进程。他们因此也就成了千古罪人，而且终于不能逃脱失败的命运。
所谓“二战八大将帅”，当然不是说二战将帅仅此八位，或说他们是最显赫的八位。一些同样或更加著名的将帅，如艾森豪威尔、马歇尔等，只是因为已有传记出版，这套书中未再收入。对已收入的八位，不论是反法西斯的英雄，还是发动侵略战争的战犯，这套书的作者们都坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，本着实事求是的原则，力求从各个方面、各个角度全面展示传主的生平事迹。不仅写他们的军事生涯、重要战绩，而且注意写他们的家庭背景、生活经历和恋爱婚姻，揭示出他们成为将帅的人生轨迹；不仅一般地写他们的治军、作战，而且注意从政治上、战略上评价其成败得失，以使读者得到有益的启示。丛书力图融学术性与知识性、哲理性分析与生动的描述为一体，使之读来朗朗上口，引人入胜。
当前的世界正处于大变动时期。冷战结束，两极格局瓦解，在一个较长时期内有可能避免新的世界大战。然而，世界还远非伊甸园，霸权主义、强权政治的存在仍然是解决和平与发展问题的主要障碍。一切为祖国的安宁、人民的幸福立志从戎的热血青年，一切即将成为将帅或立志成为将帅的指战员都应该读读这套书。他山之石，可以攻玉。希望这套将帅传记能够为有志者和广大的读者提供有益的参考。
World War II was the largest in human history, a war. In this the fascist axis on one side, the war on the other anti-fascist alliance, the two sides as much as weapons of troops into the battlefield affected scope, the new combat style, resulting in large losses, the impact of far are unprecedented. Although the war ended nearly 50 years, things changed, overtaken by events, but it is still the magnificent momentum, deep content, rich heritage, magnet attracting many foreign military strategist and historian, to explore and writings. Outside the military whizzes by a group of middle-aged workers in the military history written set of "Eight Generals of World War II" series is another new work in this area.
Can participate in the war can be described as the scariest man, the most intense and most brutal battle, the generals will be called the soul of the war. The ancients said that to beat the opposition of the right in the hand. View of ancient and modern history, The Evolution of dynasties, the rise and fall of countries, all working with the generals on the merits. Of course, the factors that determine victory or defeat in war are many. Nature of the war, the War of power, these are crucial factors. However, the generals as the war (or battle) of the organizers and directors, its role is by no means be ignored. Can be said that no generals of excellence that can not shine through the meritorious record, no good of the command, you can not win by the glorious fruit. So famous ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu said; "to those countries of the secondary also, assisted Zhou Zeguo will be strong, auxiliary gap, the country will be weak." France's Napoleon also said: "Raiders of Gaul, non-Roman of the army, The Department of Caesar, Rome, vibration, non Carthage of the soldiers, and Department of Hannibal, who invaded India, non-Macedonian army, while the Department of Alexander. "Generals of the war, will always be people to study and understand the importance of war content.
World War II fascist invaders made a huge tragedy. In this good and evil, progress and reaction of the unprecedented intensity of the big fight, big fight, at the forefront of technology Depicting the Formidable sharp, wrestling battle of wits is the many colorful Allied generals. Them or Hengdao immediately, riding the battlefield, or lupine rocked, but logistics tent, the director of the scenes of intense high waves drama twists and turns, so flashing a brutal war sparks human wisdom and courage. "Eight Generals of World War II" series focus on election received from the Soviet Union Zhukov and Chuikov, MacArthur and Patton United States, the United Kingdom in Montgomery, they are the man of World War II, is the cornerstone on which the Allies, all of them distinguished fame. Soviet Marshal Zhukov resourceful Soviet commander known good break, extraordinary courage, with iron will and indomitable spirit that has the implementation of the large mechanized Corps Tank outstanding offensive and defensive operations only. As the American writer, Salisbury said: "Zhukov was indeed led by the commander of a large number of army commander of the war." United States General of the Army Douglas MacArthur served as the southwest Pacific theater during wartime commander in chief, commanding power of the United States armed forces, the "leapfrog "tactics, the Japanese defense rear straight for the main objective, from Australia, the Philippines has been hit by the Japanese territory. Orders from the dangers of Montgomery develop detailed operational plans are thorough, good at moving steadily, is a master of positional warfare. Patton as a tank experts in offensive operations, it is a "blood ho guts" of the battlefield veterans. This is some general strategies and tactics not only have good quality, but also for the country's political goals are more thorough understanding of the balanced development of the two, so that they can win a victory in a battle while the enemy can be high in a chip strategy, legislation the position, which in the military field reached a glorious peak.
Of course, these generals are not born of the gods, from the beginning to the board on the battlefield, military recruits, "pyramid" at the top of the famous generals, who all through the school of hard knocks and hard. Leningrad, Zhukov also put senior cavalry school career, all the duties placed on top of the map room, covered the floor, outlined above, was packed. They generally attach importance to suck nutrients from historical knowledge. MacArthur said: "The military is more professional than most wise decision to rely on previous programs as a reference for future development." Button, declared: "You want to be a successful soldier, you have to understand history." They new things and has a keen powers of observation and foresight, the ability to detect and study changes in weaponry and its impact on warfare. Weapons and equipment between the two world wars, calling rapid development of epoch-making changes in operational mode, in the conservative and reform of national military fierce academic argument, these famous generals almost all the brave dare to take the new road. Zhukov tank as opposed to the practice of infantry support weapons, and actively advocated the establishment of Soviet tanks and mechanized units. Barton is the founder of the American tanks. The beginning of World War II, he took a strong interest in watching the development of the war in Europe, was eagerly read on behalf of advanced ideas about the characters and combat guiding principles of military theory. In addition, these generals are smart know of any modern weapons systems are no substitute for trained, experienced and brave soldiers fighting, only peace rigorous training and strict requirements in order to bring out a disciplined, unified command, a strong elite fighting division. Zhukov, Chuikov, Montgomery, Patton is known to the world by running the army and strict.
The income of the three sub-series also belongs to Germany, Japan and fascist generals, they are Yamamoto, Goering, Rommel. The three generals are crazy criminal war of aggression launched by fascists, but they are created in the tactical area, is still worth studying and learning of future generations. Samurai Yamamoto is the founder of the Japanese naval air force in the attack on Pearl Harbor for the first time the aircraft carrier group into combat, in one fell swoop to create the world's battle against the era of aviation history. The beginning of the war, he led the Japanese combined fleet swept the South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. Hitler's confidant love to Rommel, the invasion of France, into North Africa and landing in Normandy in the limelight, especially in the command of the German elite troops engage in fierce battle tanks in North Africa, he was cunning changeable, to win with fewer, once into the arrival of El Alamein , gates of Cairo city, shake the British defense of the central nervous system in North Africa, became well-known case is also the "Desert Fox." Nazi Germany, the highest rank of "Grand Admiral" Goering, German Air Force has also established close coordination with ground forces and make it a "blitzkrieg" contribute significantly for Hitler. However, these generals far, compared with the five Allied generals, although they can be said to some extent is an excellent tactician, is not what strategists. They lack the overall situation, the strategic foresight can, once in a strategic direction of endeavor when it appeared to be inadequate. Particularly important is that they are dead set on the fascist, non-aggression just their lives. Tactical areas of their creation, just push the vertices of fascist aggression. Their talents not only failed to benefit mankind, but hinder and delay the development process of human history. They thus became a sinner, and finally can not escape defeat.
The current world is undergoing major changes in period. The Cold War, the collapse of the bipolar pattern, in a longer period of time possible to avoid a new world war. However, the world is far from the Garden of Eden, hegemony and power politics still exist to solve the problem of peace and development the main obstacle. All for the motherland, peace, happiness of the people determined to Congrong the blood of young, everything is about to become to become generals or generals of the officers and men should read this book. Stones from other hills, can learn. The generals hope that where there and the majority of biography can provide a useful reference for readers.
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