 二战将帅系列传记
戰爭可謂人類所能參加的最驚險、最激烈、最殘酷的較量，而將帥則堪稱戰爭的靈魂。古人曾說，剋敵之要在手將得其人。觀古今中外歷史，王朝之嬗變，國傢之興亡，莫不與將帥之優劣有關。當然，决定戰爭勝敗的因素是多方面的。戰爭的性質，戰爭雙方的力量對比，這些都是至關重要的因素。然而，將帥作為戰爭（或戰役）的組織者和指揮者，其作用也是决不容忽視的。可以說，無卓越之將帥，即不能創彪炳之功業，無優秀之指揮，則不能獲輝煌之勝果。所以中國古代著名的軍事傢孫子說；“將者，國之輔也，輔周則國必強，輔隙則國必弱。”法國的拿破侖亦說：“攻略高盧者，非羅馬之軍隊，而係愷撒，震動羅馬者，非迦太基之士兵，而係漢尼拔，侵入印度者，非馬其頓之軍隊，而係亞歷山大。”將帥之於戰爭，永遠是人們研究和瞭解戰爭的重要內容。
第二次世界大戰是法西斯侵略者製造的巨大悲劇。在這場正義與邪惡，進步與反動的空前激烈的大廝殺、大搏鬥中，站在前列技堅執銳、角力鬥智的是同盟國異彩紛呈的衆多將帥。他們或橫刀立馬、馳騁疆場，或羽扇輕搖、運籌惟幄，導演了一幕幕激越高昂、波瀾麯折的活劇，使殘酷的戰爭閃爍出人類智慧與勇氣的火花。《二戰八大將帥》叢書從中重點選收了蘇聯的朱可夫和崔可夫、美國的麥剋阿瑟和巴頓、英國的蒙哥馬利，他們都是二戰中的風雲人物，是同盟國所依賴的柱石，個個功名顯赫。蘇聯元帥、蘇軍著名統帥朱可夫多謀善斷、膽略過人，具有鋼鐵般的意志和不屈不撓的精神，具有組織實施龐大的坦剋機械化兵團進攻和防禦作戰的傑出才能。正如美國作傢索爾茲伯裏所說：“朱可夫確實是率領大批軍隊進行戰爭的統帥的統帥。”美國五星上將麥剋阿瑟戰時榮任太平洋西南戰區總司令，指揮美國陸海空三軍力量，實行“蛙跳”戰術，直取日軍防綫縱深地帶的主要目標，從澳大利亞經菲律賓一直打到日本國土。受命於危難之際的蒙哥馬利製訂作戰計劃十分細緻徹底，善於穩紮穩打，是一位陣地戰大師。巴頓作為坦剋進攻作戰的行傢裏手，則是一名“熱血豪膽”的沙場老將。這幾位將領不僅具有良好的戰略戰術素養，而且對國傢的政治目標也有比較透徹的瞭解，二者的均衡發展，使他們在奪取一個個戰役勝利的同時，能夠在戰略上高敵一籌、立於不敗之地，從而在軍事領域達到了光輝的頂點。
當然，這些將帥並不是天生的神靈，從初上戰場的新兵到登上軍事“金字塔”頂端的著名將帥，他們無不經過了艱苦的磨練和刻苦的學習。朱可夫還在列寧格勒高級騎兵學校時就把事業、職責置於一切之上，房間裏地圖鋪滿地板，上面勾畫得密密麻麻。他們普遍重視從歷史知識中吮吸營養。麥剋阿瑟說：“軍事比其他大多數職業更需要依靠前人明智的决斷作為製定未來方案的參考。”巴頓則高聲宣佈：“你要想成為一個成功的軍人，就必須瞭解歷史。”他們對新事物有着敏銳的觀察力和預見力，能夠及時發現和研究武器裝備的變化及其對作戰方式的影響。兩次世界大戰之間武器裝備的迅猛發展呼喚着作戰模式的劃時代變革，在各國軍事學術界守舊與變革的激烈爭執中，這些著名將帥幾乎全是敢走新路的勇者。朱可夫反對把坦剋作為步兵支援武器的作法，積極主張建立蘇軍的坦剋機械化部隊。巴頓則是美軍坦剋部隊的創始人之一。二戰初期，他帶着強烈的興趣註視着歐洲戰爭的發展，如饑似渴地閱讀代表當時先進思想的有關人物的軍事理論和作戰指導原則。此外，這些將帥均懂得任何靈巧的現代化武器係統都不能代替受過嚴格訓練、富有經驗和作戰勇敢的士兵，衹有平時嚴格訓練、嚴格要求才能帶出一支紀律嚴明、指揮統一、戰鬥力強的精銳之師。朱可夫、崔可夫、蒙哥馬利、巴頓都以治軍嚴明著稱於世。
這套叢書還收入了三位分屬於德、日法西斯國傢的將領，他們是山本五十六、戈林、隆美爾。這三位將領都是瘋狂發動法西斯侵略戰爭的罪犯，但是他們在戰術領域的創造，仍是值得後人研究藉鑒的。日本武士山本五十六是日本海軍航空兵的締造者，在偷襲珍珠港時首次把航空母艦編隊投入實戰，一舉開創了世界海戰史上的航空打擊時代。開戰之初，由他率領的日本聯合艦隊橫掃了東南亞和整個西太平洋地區。希特勒的心腹愛將隆美爾，在入侵法國、進軍北非和抗登陸於諾曼底中出盡風頭，尤其在指揮德軍精銳坦剋部隊鏖兵北非時，他狡詐多變、以少勝多，一度進抵阿拉曼、兵臨開羅城，撼動了英國北非防綫的中樞神經，成為聞名遇還的“沙漠之狐”。納粹德國軍銜最高的“帝國元帥”戈林，也在組建德國空軍並使其密切協同地面部隊進行“閃擊戰”中為希特勒立下汗馬功勞。但是，這些將領遠不能同上述五位同盟國將領相比，他們雖然在某種程度上可說是一名出色的戰術傢，卻不是什麽戰略傢。他們缺乏通觀全局、深謀遠慮的戰略才能，一旦在一個戰略方向獨當一面時便顯得力不從心。尤其重要的是，他們都死心塌地地為法西斯、為非正義的侵略戰爭賣命。他們在戰術領域的創造，衹是將法西斯的侵略推嚮頂點。他們的才幹不僅沒有造福人類，反而阻礙和延緩了人類歷史發展進程。他們因此也就成了千古罪人，而且終於不能逃脫失敗的命運。
所謂“二戰八大將帥”，當然不是說二戰將帥僅此八位，或說他們是最顯赫的八位。一些同樣或更加著名的將帥，如艾森豪威爾、馬歇爾等，衹是因為已有傳記出版，這套書中未再收入。對已收入的八位，不論是反法西斯的英雄，還是發動侵略戰爭的戰犯，這套書的作者們都堅持辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義，本着實事求是的原則，力求從各個方面、各個角度全面展示傳主的生平事跡。不僅寫他們的軍事生涯、重要戰績，而且註意寫他們的家庭背景、生活經歷和戀愛婚姻，揭示出他們成為將帥的人生軌跡；不僅一般地寫他們的治軍、作戰，而且註意從政治上、戰略上評價其成敗得失，以使讀者得到有益的啓示。叢書力圖融學術性與知識性、哲理性分析與生動的描述為一體，使之讀來朗朗上口，引人入勝。
當前的世界正處於大變動時期。冷戰結束，兩極格局瓦解，在一個較長時期內有可能避免新的世界大戰。然而，世界還遠非伊甸園，霸權主義、強權政治的存在仍然是解决和平與發展問題的主要障礙。一切為祖國的安寧、人民的幸福立志從戎的熱血青年，一切即將成為將帥或立志成為將帥的指戰員都應該讀讀這套書。他山之石，可以攻玉。希望這套將帥傳記能夠為有志者和廣大的讀者提供有益的參考。
World War II was the largest in human history, a war. In this the fascist axis on one side, the war on the other anti-fascist alliance, the two sides as much as weapons of troops into the battlefield affected scope, the new combat style, resulting in large losses, the impact of far are unprecedented. Although the war ended nearly 50 years, things changed, overtaken by events, but it is still the magnificent momentum, deep content, rich heritage, magnet attracting many foreign military strategist and historian, to explore and writings. Outside the military whizzes by a group of middle-aged workers in the military history written set of "Eight Generals of World War II" series is another new work in this area.
Can participate in the war can be described as the scariest man, the most intense and most brutal battle, the generals will be called the soul of the war. The ancients said that to beat the opposition of the right in the hand. View of ancient and modern history, The Evolution of dynasties, the rise and fall of countries, all working with the generals on the merits. Of course, the factors that determine victory or defeat in war are many. Nature of the war, the War of power, these are crucial factors. However, the generals as the war (or battle) of the organizers and directors, its role is by no means be ignored. Can be said that no generals of excellence that can not shine through the meritorious record, no good of the command, you can not win by the glorious fruit. So famous ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu said; "to those countries of the secondary also, assisted Zhou Zeguo will be strong, auxiliary gap, the country will be weak." France's Napoleon also said: "Raiders of Gaul, non-Roman of the army, The Department of Caesar, Rome, vibration, non Carthage of the soldiers, and Department of Hannibal, who invaded India, non-Macedonian army, while the Department of Alexander. "Generals of the war, will always be people to study and understand the importance of war content.
World War II fascist invaders made a huge tragedy. In this good and evil, progress and reaction of the unprecedented intensity of the big fight, big fight, at the forefront of technology Depicting the Formidable sharp, wrestling battle of wits is the many colorful Allied generals. Them or Hengdao immediately, riding the battlefield, or lupine rocked, but logistics tent, the director of the scenes of intense high waves drama twists and turns, so flashing a brutal war sparks human wisdom and courage. "Eight Generals of World War II" series focus on election received from the Soviet Union Zhukov and Chuikov, MacArthur and Patton United States, the United Kingdom in Montgomery, they are the man of World War II, is the cornerstone on which the Allies, all of them distinguished fame. Soviet Marshal Zhukov resourceful Soviet commander known good break, extraordinary courage, with iron will and indomitable spirit that has the implementation of the large mechanized Corps Tank outstanding offensive and defensive operations only. As the American writer, Salisbury said: "Zhukov was indeed led by the commander of a large number of army commander of the war." United States General of the Army Douglas MacArthur served as the southwest Pacific theater during wartime commander in chief, commanding power of the United States armed forces, the "leapfrog "tactics, the Japanese defense rear straight for the main objective, from Australia, the Philippines has been hit by the Japanese territory. Orders from the dangers of Montgomery develop detailed operational plans are thorough, good at moving steadily, is a master of positional warfare. Patton as a tank experts in offensive operations, it is a "blood ho guts" of the battlefield veterans. This is some general strategies and tactics not only have good quality, but also for the country's political goals are more thorough understanding of the balanced development of the two, so that they can win a victory in a battle while the enemy can be high in a chip strategy, legislation the position, which in the military field reached a glorious peak.
Of course, these generals are not born of the gods, from the beginning to the board on the battlefield, military recruits, "pyramid" at the top of the famous generals, who all through the school of hard knocks and hard. Leningrad, Zhukov also put senior cavalry school career, all the duties placed on top of the map room, covered the floor, outlined above, was packed. They generally attach importance to suck nutrients from historical knowledge. MacArthur said: "The military is more professional than most wise decision to rely on previous programs as a reference for future development." Button, declared: "You want to be a successful soldier, you have to understand history." They new things and has a keen powers of observation and foresight, the ability to detect and study changes in weaponry and its impact on warfare. Weapons and equipment between the two world wars, calling rapid development of epoch-making changes in operational mode, in the conservative and reform of national military fierce academic argument, these famous generals almost all the brave dare to take the new road. Zhukov tank as opposed to the practice of infantry support weapons, and actively advocated the establishment of Soviet tanks and mechanized units. Barton is the founder of the American tanks. The beginning of World War II, he took a strong interest in watching the development of the war in Europe, was eagerly read on behalf of advanced ideas about the characters and combat guiding principles of military theory. In addition, these generals are smart know of any modern weapons systems are no substitute for trained, experienced and brave soldiers fighting, only peace rigorous training and strict requirements in order to bring out a disciplined, unified command, a strong elite fighting division. Zhukov, Chuikov, Montgomery, Patton is known to the world by running the army and strict.
The income of the three sub-series also belongs to Germany, Japan and fascist generals, they are Yamamoto, Goering, Rommel. The three generals are crazy criminal war of aggression launched by fascists, but they are created in the tactical area, is still worth studying and learning of future generations. Samurai Yamamoto is the founder of the Japanese naval air force in the attack on Pearl Harbor for the first time the aircraft carrier group into combat, in one fell swoop to create the world's battle against the era of aviation history. The beginning of the war, he led the Japanese combined fleet swept the South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. Hitler's confidant love to Rommel, the invasion of France, into North Africa and landing in Normandy in the limelight, especially in the command of the German elite troops engage in fierce battle tanks in North Africa, he was cunning changeable, to win with fewer, once into the arrival of El Alamein , gates of Cairo city, shake the British defense of the central nervous system in North Africa, became well-known case is also the "Desert Fox." Nazi Germany, the highest rank of "Grand Admiral" Goering, German Air Force has also established close coordination with ground forces and make it a "blitzkrieg" contribute significantly for Hitler. However, these generals far, compared with the five Allied generals, although they can be said to some extent is an excellent tactician, is not what strategists. They lack the overall situation, the strategic foresight can, once in a strategic direction of endeavor when it appeared to be inadequate. Particularly important is that they are dead set on the fascist, non-aggression just their lives. Tactical areas of their creation, just push the vertices of fascist aggression. Their talents not only failed to benefit mankind, but hinder and delay the development process of human history. They thus became a sinner, and finally can not escape defeat.
The current world is undergoing major changes in period. The Cold War, the collapse of the bipolar pattern, in a longer period of time possible to avoid a new world war. However, the world is far from the Garden of Eden, hegemony and power politics still exist to solve the problem of peace and development the main obstacle. All for the motherland, peace, happiness of the people determined to Congrong the blood of young, everything is about to become to become generals or generals of the officers and men should read this book. Stones from other hills, can learn. The generals hope that where there and the majority of biography can provide a useful reference for readers.
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