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生前出版的唯一诗集是《永恒的一天》(1911)。
德国诗人。生于西里西亚一检察官家庭。青少年时期在柏林等地度过。1907至1910年在维尔茨堡、耶拿和柏林攻读法律，1911年出任候补推事。后在柏林附近哈弗尔河上滑冰时因救人而淹死。
海姆是德国早期表现主义文学的主要代表之一。他的诗受波德莱尔、兰波、格奥尔格等人的影响，常选择大都市生活、战争、毁灭等作为题材，表现资本主义社会中个人的恐惧、迷惘和绝望心情。诗句格律整齐，激昂深沉，富于想象，充满悲观情绪和对死亡的预感。生前出版的唯一诗集是《永恒的一天》(1911)。死后出版的诗集《生活的阴影》(1912)收有预言大战灾祸来临的著名诗篇《战争》。中篇小说集《小偷》(1913)比诗歌具有更加明显的表现主义特征。他喜欢以各种畸形人物作为作品的主人公。
Biography
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Heym was born in Hirschberg, Lower Silesia in 1887 to Hermann and Jenny Heym. Throughout his short life, he was constantly in conflict with social conventions. His parents, members of the Wilhemine middle class, had trouble comprehending their son's rebellious behavior. Heym's own attitude towards his parents was paradoxical; on the one hand he held a deep affection for them, but on the other he strongly resisted any attempts to suppress his individuality and autonomy.
In 1900 the Heyms moved to Berlin, and there Georg began unsuccessfully attending a series of different schools. Eventually, he arrived at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium at Neuruppin in Brandenburg. He was very unsatisfied, and as a way to achieve some release he began writing poetry. After he graduated and went to study law at Würzburg, he started writing plays as well. However, publishers largely ignored his work.
In 1910 Heym met the poet and writer Simon Guttmann, who invited Heym to join the recently founded Der Neue Club, a descendant of a student society at the University of Berlin. Other members of this Club included Kurt Hiller, Jakob van Hoddis, and Erwin Loewenson (also known as Golo Gangi); often visiting were Else Lasker-Schüler, Gottfried Benn, and Karl Kraus. Although the Club had no actual stated objective, its members all shared a sense of rebellion against contemporary culture and possessed a desire for political and aesthetic upheaval. The Club held "Neopathetisches Cabaret" meetings in which members presented work, and it was here that Heym first gained notice. His poetry immediately attracted praise. In January 1911, Ernst Rowohlt published Heym's first book and the only one to appear in his lifetime: Der ewige Tag (The Eternal Day).
Heym later went through several judicial jobs, none of which he held for long due to his lack of respect for authority. On 16 January 1912, Heym and his friend Ernst Balcke went on a skating trip to the frozen river Havel. They never returned. A few days later their bodies were found. Appearances indicated that Balcke had fallen through the ice and Heym had attempted to save him but fell in as well. Heym remained alive for half an hour, calling out for help. His cries were heard by some nearby forestry workers, but they were unable to reach him.
Works
Poetry
Der Baum
Der Gott der Stadt (1910)
Der Krieg (1911)
Der ewige Tag (1911)
Umbra vitae (1912)
Marathon (1914)
Die Stadt (1911)
Prose
Der Dieb. Ein Novellenbuch (1913)
Drama
Der Athener Ausfahrt (1907)
Other
Versuch einer neuen Religion (1909)
Bibliography
Heym, Georg (1994). The Thief and Other Stories. Translated by Susan Bennett (1st ed.). London: Libris. ISBN 1-870352-48-3.
Heym, Georg (2004). Poems. Translated, with an introduction and notes by Antony Hasler (1st ed.). London: Libris. ISBN 1-870352-97-1. Bilingual edition. Review by Will Stone (2004). Review by Michael Hoffman (21 May 2005). (Re-edition: Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-8101-2322-3.)
External links
Texts by Heym
"The Dissection" translated by Gio Clairval
Two poems, "Umbra Vitae" and "Judas", translated by Christopher Middleton
Two poems, "The Fall" and "The War", translated by Walter A. Aue
"Poet à la mode" translated by Antony Hasler
"Fever Hospital" translated by Gwilym Williams
About Heym
Works by or about Georg Heym at Internet Archive
Works by Georg Heym at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Article "Apocalypse Then: Georg Heym & the Art of Cultural Divination" by Darren Anderson (9 October 2011)
Thesis Georg Heym's Der Dieb: Ein Novellenbuch. Five Short Stories in English Translation with an Introduction and Commentary by Arlene Elizabeth Sture (April 1979)
(in German) Analysis of Der Gott der Stadt