| Friedrich Hayek | |
| 弗里德里希·哈耶克 | |
| 弗里德里希·奥古斯特·冯·哈耶克 | |
| 出生地： | 奥地利维也纳 |
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阅读弗里德里希·A·哈耶克 Friedrich August von Hayek在百家争鸣的作品!!! | |
弗里德里希·奥古斯特·冯·哈耶克，CH（德語：Friedrich August von Hayek，1899年5月8日－1992年3月23日）是奥地利出生的英國知名经济学家、政治哲學家，1974年诺贝尔经济学奖得主。
哈耶克的学术生涯主要任教于英国伦敦政治经济学院、美国芝加哥大学以及德国弗赖堡大学，他被廣泛視為奧地利經濟學派最重要的成員之一，但与芝加哥经济学派关系密切。他所提出的價格信號在協助經濟裡的個體協調經濟活動上的角色一理論，被認為是經濟學的重大突破。哈耶克在1974年和他理論的對手贡纳尔·默达尔一同獲得了诺贝尔经济学奖，以「表揚他們在货币政策和商業週期上的開創性研究，以及他們對於經濟、社會和制度互動影響的敏銳分析。」
哈耶克也是20世紀最重要的政治思想家之一，他對於法学、系統思維、思想史、认知科学領域也有相當重要的貢獻。他坚持古典自由主义、个人主义、自由市場資本主義，反对社会主义、极权主义、凱恩斯主義和集體主義，其著作《通往奴役之路》累计销售量超过200万册（截止2010年）。1947年，他主持创建了朝圣山学社。1984年，哈耶克获颁英国的名誉勋位，以表彰其对经济学研究的贡献。1991年，美國總統喬治·赫伯特·沃克·布希頒給哈耶克美國總統自由勛章，以表揚他「終身的高瞻遠矚」。Friedrich August von Hayek CH FBA (/ˈhaɪək/ HY-ək, German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈʔaʊɡʊst ˈhaɪɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British economist and philosopher who is best known for his defence of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and [...] penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena". His account of how changing prices communicate information that helps individuals co-ordinate their plans is widely regarded as an important achievement in economics, leading to his Nobel Prize.
Hayek served in World War I during his teenage years and said that this experience in the war and his desire to help avoid the mistakes that had led to the war drew him into economics. At the University of Vienna, he studied economics, eventually receiving his doctoral degrees in law in 1921 and in political science in 1923. He subsequently lived and worked in Austria, Great Britain, the United States, and Germany; he became a British subject in 1938. Hayek's academic life was mostly spent at the London School of Economics, the University of Chicago, and the University of Freiburg. Although he is widely considered as a leader of the Austrian School of Economics, he also had close connections with the Chicago School of Economics. Hayek was also a major social theorist and political philosopher of the 20th century. His most notable work, The Road to Serfdom, has sold over 2 million copies (as of 2010).
Hayek was appointed a Companion of Honour in 1984 for "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years.