yuèdòuāi sà · dé · kè luó cí José Maria de Eça de Queirozzài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!! | |||||
āi sà · dé · kè luó cí yú 1866 nián qù lǐ sī běn， zhí xíng lǜ shī yè wù， dàn qí zhù yào xīng qù zài wén xué。 1866 zhì 1867 nián jiān， zài《 pú táo yá xīn wén bào》 shàng fā biǎo liǎo xǔ duō tí cái bù tóng de duǎn piān xiǎo shuō， hòu lái biān ji wéi duǎn piān xiǎo shuō jí《 cū yě de sǎnwén》 (1903)， qí zhōng xiě de dà duō shì shén guài、 qí wén、 huàn xiǎng gù shì， xiǎn rán shòu liǎo yǔ guǒ、 hǎi niè、 bō dé lāi 'ěr、 ài lún · pō děng rén de yǐng xiǎng。
1867 nián hòu， āi sà · dé · kè luó cí qián wǎng 'āi jí hé bā lè sī tǎn děng dì lǚ xíng ,1870 nián huí dào lǐ sī běn , yǔ yī qún jìn bù qīng nián zhī shí fènzǐ jiāo wǎng , gǔ chuī shè huì gǎi gé , bèi chēng wéi“ qī shí nián dài pài”。 tā pēng jī dāng dài pú táo yá wén xué“ méi yòu dú chuàng xìng , suí bō zhú liú， nòng xū zuò jiǎ” , zhù zhāng wén yì yīngdāng miáo xiě xiàn shí， tàn tǎo xiàn shí wèn tí。 1871 nián yǔ ruò zé · dù 'ā 'ěr tè · lā mǎ lüè · ào 'ěr dì gāng hé zuò， chū bǎn shè huì píng lùn zá zhì《 tóu qiāng》。
1872 nián jìn rù wài jiāo jiè gōng zuò， rèn zhù gǔ bā hā wǎ nà lǐng shì。 zài rèn qī jiān， céng wéi bǎo hù cóng 'ào mén lái de zhōng guó láo gōng de lì yì zuò chū nǔ lì。 1874 nián diào wǎng yīng guó rèn lǐng shì， suǒ xiě guān yú yīng guó qíng kuàng de wén zhāng hé shū xìn， hòu lái shōu jí biān wéi《 yīng guó shū jiǎn》 (1903) hé《 lún dūn jì shì》 (1945) liǎng běn jí zǐ。 1888 nián diào wǎng fǎ guó bā lí rèn lǐng shì， zhí zhì shì shì。
āi sà · dé · kè luó cí de dì yī bù xiàn shí zhù yì xiǎo shuō《 ā mǎ luó shén fù de zuì 'è》 (1876) fěng cì hé jiē lù liǎo zōng jiào jiào yù de 'è guǒ hé máng mù mí xìn de wēi xiǎn。 xiǎo shuō xiě qīng nián jiào shì 'ā mǎ luó bèi pài dào lāi lǐ yà de dà jiào táng chōng dāng shén fù， tā de lǎo shī dí yà sī shén fù jiè shào tā yǔ guǎ fù sāng hú yà nèi lā yī jiā lái wǎng。 zhè gè jiā tíng jīng cháng yòu xǔ duō mí xìn de fù nǚ jù huì。 ā mǎ luó yòu huò liǎo guǎ fù de nǚ 'ér 'ā méi lì tǎ， què fā xiàn guǎ fù shì dí yà sī shén fù de qíng fù。 shī tú liǎng rén hù xiāng bāo bì。 ā méi lì tǎ huái yùn hòu wéi 'ā mǎ luó yí qì， hòu zài fēn miǎn shí sǐ qù。
1878 nián， tā de dì 'èr bù zhù míng xiǎo shuō《 táng xiōng bā jì lì 'ào》 fā biǎo。 zhè bù xiǎo shuō bào lù liǎo cóng hǎi wài zhí mín dì bào fā guī lái de zī běn jiā de zuì 'è , bǐ fēng lěng qiào , fěng cì xīn là。 zhù rén gōng lù yì suō shì lǐ sī běn zhōng chǎn jiē jí shè huì de yī gè nián qīng fù nǚ， tā de zhàng fū de táng xiōng bā jì lì 'ào gāng cóng bā xī fā cái guī lái， chèn tā zhàng fū wài chū jīng shāng zhī jì gòu yǐn liǎo tā。 tā men yòu yī fēng qíng shū luò dào liǎo nǚ pú hú lì yà nà shǒu lǐ， nǚ pú yǐ cǐ yào xié lù yì suō。 bā jì lì 'ào yòu qì tā 'ér qù bā lí。 zuì hòu tā zài kǒng jù、 huǐ hèn、 jué wàng zhōng sǐ qù。
āi sà · dé · kè luó cí de yī bù zuì cháng de xiǎo shuō《 mǎ yī yà yī jiā》 (1888) xiě yī gè zhōng chǎn jiē jí jiā tíng de yōng sú shēng huó， biǎo míng zuò zhě duì zhè zhǒng shēng huó de bǐ qì。
cóng《 mǎn zhōu guān yuán》 (1880) kāi shǐ， tā de zuò pǐn zhuǎn 'ér cóng huàn xiǎng hé xiǎng xiàng zhōng qǔ cái , liú lù chū nóng hòu de yì guó qíng diào。《 yí wù》 (1887) jí qǔ cái yú yī cì zhōng dōng lǚ xíng de jīng lì。《 duǎn piān xiǎo shuō jí》 (1902) zhōng de mǒu xiē zuò pǐn， yě shì miáo xiě bā lè sī tǎn、 āi jí、 kǎ lì pǔ suǒ dǎo děng dì de yì guó fēng wù。
tā de yī xiē zhù yào zuò pǐn qǐ tú jiē lù pú táo yá zī chǎn jiē jí de zuì 'è hé duò luò , fēn xī zǔ 'ài shè huì jìn bù de yuán yīn , yǐ cù jìn shè huì biàn gé。 tā de yì shù fēng gé shì kè guān de、 zhí shuài de， shàn yú yùn yòng fěng cì shǒu fǎ。
āi sà · dé · kè luó cí wǎn nián duì pú táo yá shè huì biàn gé rì yì shī wàng， zuò pǐn piān zhòng yú xíng shì hé fēng gé。 tā qù shì yǐ hòu hái chū bǎn liǎo 3 bù xiǎo shuō :《 háo mén lā mǐ léi sī》 (1900)、《 fú lā dí kè · mén dé sī de tōng xùn》 (1900)、《 chéng yǔ shān》 (1901)， qí zhōng liú lù chū zuò zhě qiáo jū guó wài shí huái niàn zǔ guó de shāng gǎn qíng xù。
He used the old-fashioned spelling "Eça de Queiroz" and this is the form that appears on many editions of his works; the modern standard Portuguese spelling is "Eça de Queirós".
Biography
Eça de Queirós was born in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal, in 1845. An illegitimate child, he was officially recorded as the son of José Maria de Almeida Teixeira de Queirós, a Brazilian judge, and of an unknown mother. Teixeira de Queirós soon afterwards married Carolina Augusta Pereira d'Eça, and it has been suggested that in reality the boy was her son by an unknown father, or even that he was instead both his and her son, as most genealogists and relatives contend.
At age 16, he went to Coimbra to study law at the University of Coimbra; there he met the poet Antero de Quental. Eça's first work was a series of prose poems, published in the Gazeta de Portugal magazine, which eventually appeared in book form in a posthumous collection edited by Batalha Reis entitled Prosas Bárbaras ("Barbarous texts"). He worked as a journalist at Évora, then returned to Lisbon and, with his former school friend Ramalho Ortigão and others, created the Correspondence of the fictional adventurer Fradique Mendes. This amusing work was first published in 1900.
Statue of Eça in Póvoa de Varzim; a couple of metres from his birthplace.
In 1869 and 1870, Eça de Queirós travelled to Egypt and watched the opening of the Suez Canal, which inspired several of his works, most notably O Mistério da Estrada de Sintra ("The Mystery of the Sintra Road", 1870), written in collaboration with Ramalho Ortigão, in which Fradique Mendes appears. A Relíquia ("The Relic") was also written at this period but was published only in 1887. When he was later dispatched to Leiria to work as a municipal administrator, Eça de Queirós wrote his first realist novel, O Crime do Padre Amaro ("The Sin of Father Amaro"), which is set in the city and first appeared in 1875.
Eça then worked in the Portuguese consular service and after two years' service at Havana was stationed at 53 Grey Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, from late 1874 until April 1879. His diplomatic duties involved the dispatch of detailed reports to the Portuguese foreign office concerning the unrest in the Northumberland and Durham coalfields - in which, as he points out, the miners earned twice as much as those in South Wales, along with free housing and a weekly supply of coal. The Newcastle years were among the most productive of his literary career. He published the second version of O Crime de Padre Amaro in 1876 and another celebrated novel, O Primo Basílio ("Cousin Basílio") in 1878, as well as working on a number of other projects. These included the first of his "Cartas de Londres" ("Letters from London") which were printed in the Lisbon daily newspaper Diário de Notícias and afterwards appeared in book form as Cartas de Inglaterra. As early as 1878 he had at least given a name to his masterpiece Os Maias ("The Maias"), though this was largely written during his later residence in Bristol and was published only in 1888. There is a plaque to Eça in that city and another was unveiled in Grey Street, Newcastle, in 2001 by the Portuguese ambassador.
Eça, a cosmopolite widely read in English literature, was not enamoured of English society, but he was fascinated by its oddity. In Bristol he wrote: "Everything about this society is disagreeable to me - from its limited way of thinking to its indecent manner of cooking vegetables." As often happens when a writer is unhappy, the weather is endlessly bad. Nevertheless, he was rarely bored and was content to stay in England for some fifteen years. "I detest England, but this does not stop me from declaring that as a thinking nation, she is probably the foremost." It may be said that England acted as a constant stimulus and a corrective to Eça’s traditionally Portuguese Francophilia.
In 1888 he became Portuguese consul-general in Paris. He lived at Neuilly-sur-Seine and continued to write journalism (Ecos de Paris, "Echos from Paris") as well as literary criticism. He died in 1900 of tuberculosis. His son António Eça de Queirós would hold government office under António de Oliveira Salazar.
[edit]Works by Eça de Queirós
Cover of the first edition of Os Maias
À Capital ("To the Capital")
A Cidade e as Serras ("The City and the Mountains", 1901)
A Ilustre Casa de Ramires ("The Noble House of Ramires", 1900)
A Relíquia ("The Relic", 1887)
A Tragédia da Rua das Flores ("The Rua das Flores Tragedy")
Alves & C.a ("Alves & Co.", published in English as "The Yellow Sofa", 1925)
As Minas de Salomão, a reworking of H. Rider Haggard's King Solomon's Mines
Cartas de Inglaterra ("Letters from England")
Cartas Familiares e Bilhetes de Paris ("Family Letters and Notes from Paris")
Contos ("Stories")
Correspondência de Fradique Mendes ("Correspondence of Fradique Mendes", 1900)
Ecos de Paris ("Echos from Paris")
Notas Contemporâneas ("Contemporary Notes")
O Conde d'Abranhos ("Count d'Abranhos")
O Crime do Padre Amaro ("The Sin of Father Amaro", 1875, revised 1876, revised 1880)
O Egipto ("Egypt", 1926)
O Mandarim ("The Mandarin", 1880)
O Mistério da Estrada de Sintra ("The Mystery of the Sintra Road", 1870, in collaboration with Ramalho Ortigão)
O Primo Basílio ("Cousin Basílio", 1878)
Os Maias ("The Maias", 1888)
Prosas Bárbaras ("Barbarous Texts", 1903)
Últimas páginas ("Last Pages")
Uma Campanha Alegre ("A Cheerful Campaign")
[edit]Periodicals to which Eça de Queirós contributed
Gazeta de Portugal
As Farpas ("Barbs")
Diário de Notícias
[edit]Translations
His works have been translated into about 20 languages, including English.
Since 2002 English versions of six of his novels and a volume of short stories, translated by Margaret Jull Costa, have been published in the UK by Dedalus Books.
A capital (To the Capital): translation by John Vetch, Carcanet Press (UK), 1995.
A Cidade e as serras (The City and the Mountains): translation by Roy Campbell, Ohio University Press, 1968.
A Ilustre Casa de Ramires (The illustrious house of Ramires): translation by Ann Stevens, Ohio University Press, 1968.
A Reliquia (The Relic): translation by Aubrey F. Bell, A. A. Knopf, 1925. Also published as The Reliquary, Reinhardt, 1954.
A Reliquia (The Relic): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Dedalus Books, 1994.
A tragédia da rua das Flores (The Tragedy of the Street of Flowers): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Dedalus Books, 2000.
Alves & Cia (Alves & Co.): translation by Robert M. Fedorchek, University Press of America, 1988.
Cartas da Inglaterra (Letters from England): translation by Ann Stevens, Bodley Head, 1970. Also published as Eça's English Letters, Carcanet Press, 2000.
O Crime do Padre Amaro (El crimen del Padre Amaro): Versión de Ramón del Valle - Inclan, Editorial Maucci, 1911
O Crime do Padre Amaro (The Sin of Father Amaro): translation by Nan Flanagan, St. Martins Press, 1963. Also published as The Crime of Father Amaro, Carcanet Press, 2002.
O Crime do Padre Amaro (The Crime of Father Amaro): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Dedalus Books, 2002.
O Mandarim (The Mandarin in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Richard Frank Goldman, Ohio University Press, 1965. Also published by Bodley Head, 1966; and Hippocrene Books, 1993.
Um Poeta Lírico (A Lyric Poet in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Richard Frank Goldman, Ohio University Press, 1965. Also published by Bodley Head, 1966; and Hippocrene Books, 1993.
Singularidades de uma Rapariga Loura (Peculiarities of a Fair-haired Girl in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Richard Frank Goldman, Ohio University Press, 1965. Also published by Bodley Head, 1966; and Hippocrene Books, 1993.
José Mathias (José Mathias in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Richard Frank Goldman, Ohio University Press, 1965. Also published by Bodley Head, 1966; and Hippocrene Books, 1993.
O Mandarim (The Mandarin in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Hippocrene Books, 1983.
O Mandarim (The Mandarin in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Dedalus Books, 2009.
José Mathias (José Mathias in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Dedalus Books, 2009.
O Defunto (The Hanged Man in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Dedalus Books, 2009.
Singularidades de uma Rapariga Loura (Idiosyncrasies of a young blonde woman in The Mandarin and Other Stories): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Dedalus Books, 2009.
O Primo Basílio (Dragon's teeth): translation by Mary Jane Serrano, R. F. Fenno & Co., 1896.
O Primo Basílio (Cousin Bazilio): translation by Roy Campbell, Noonday Press, 1953.
O Primo Basílio (Cousin Bazilio): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, Dedalus Books, 2003.
Suave milagre (The Sweet Miracle): translation by Edgar Prestage, David Nutt, 1905. Also published as The Fisher of Men, T. B. Mosher, 1905; The Sweetest Miracle, T. B. Mosher, 1906; The Sweet Miracle, B. H. Blakwell, 1914.
Os Maias (The Maias): translation by Ann Stevens and Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, St. Martin's Press, 1965.
Os Maias (The Maias): translation by Margaret Jull Costa, New Directions, 2007.
O Defunto (Our Lady of the Pillar): translation by Edgar Prestage, Archibald Constable, 1906.
Pacheco (Pacheco): translation by Edgar Prestage, Basil Blackwell, 1922.
A Perfeição (Perfection): translation by Charles Marriott, Selwyn & Blovnt, 1923.
José Mathias (José Mathias in José Mathias and A Man of Talent): translation by Luís Marques, George G. Harap & Co., 1947.
Pacheco (A man of talent in José Mathias and A Man of Talent): translation by Luís Marques, George G. Harap & Co., 1947.
Alves & Cia (The Yellow Sofa in Yellow Sofa and Three Portraits): translation by John Vetch, Carcanet Press, 1993. Also published by New Directions, 1996.
Um Poeta Lírico (Lyric Poet in Yellow Sofa and Three Portraits): translation by John Vetch, Carcanet Press, 1993. Also published by New Directions, 1996.
José Mathias (José Mathias in Yellow Sofa and Three Portraits): translation by Luís Marques, Carcanet Press, 1993. Also published by New Directions, 1996.
Pacheco (A man of talent in Yellow Sofa and Three Portraits): translation by Luís Marques, Carcanet Press, 1993. Also published by New Directions, 1996.
Adaptations
There have been two film versions of O Crime do Padre Amaro, a Mexican one in 2002 and a Portuguese version in 2005 which was edited out of a SIC television series, released shortly after the film (the film was by then the most seen Portuguese movie ever, though very badly received by critics, but the tv series, maybe due to being a slightly longer version of the same thing seen by a big share of Portuguese population, flopped and was rather ignored by audiences and critics).
Eça's works have been also adapted on Brazilian television. In 1988 Rede Globo produced O Primo Basílio in 35 episodes. Later, in 2007, a movie adaptation of the same novel was made by director Daniel Filho. In 2001 Rede Globo produced an acclaimed adaptation of Os Maias as a television serial in 40 episodes.
A movie adaptation of O Mistério da Estrada de Sintra was produced in 2007. The director had shortly before directed a series inspired in a whodunit involving the descendants of the original novel's characters (Nome de Código Sintra, Code Name Sintra), and some of the historical flashback scenes (reporting to the book's events) of the series were used in the new movie. The movie was more centered on Eça's and Ramalho Ortigão's writing and publishing of the original serial and the controversy it created and less around the book's plot itself.