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School days
Takiji Kobayashi was born in Akita Prefecture in northern Japan, a poor tenant farmer village home. Because life does not boil down, in his 4 years old, the family moved to the port of Otaru, Hokkaido, join their uncle opening bread workshop, eke out a living. Takiji Kobayashi participate in labor from an early age, living part time in life. After graduating from elementary school, funded by the uncle, on the Otaru Higher Commercial School. In the study period, Takiji Kobayashi to keen on art and literature. From 1923 onwards, published works in literary periodicals. He wrote a number of early short stories and essays, such as "Long Ji and beggars", "kill the dog" and so on.
After graduating in 1924, he was employed as a bank staff Otaru.
High School of Commerce Takiji Kobayashi times
July 1927 he joined a general strike of workers in Hokkaido, as striking workers prepare leaflets, combined with workers and farmers embark on a revolutionary path. Soon, they joined the revolutionary writer organizations - labor Writers Alliance Otaru branches farming activities.
The end of 1927 began writing a novella, "anti-Xue Lin," is marked Takiji Kobayashi significant changes in creative thinking of a transitional work.
April 1928 Takiji Kobayashi participated in the All Japan Art League proletarians ("Knapp"), the second year, has been selected as writer League Central Committee, responsible for the Otaru branch of work.
Takiji Kobayashi literary monument
April 16, 1929, the Japanese reactionary government in the country has conducted a mass arrest repression of the revolution. Takiji Kobayashi activities of revolutionary literature of the close surveillance by police agents, in time, he published "outside the landlord." "Outside the landlord" was published, causing panic in the reactionary ruling class. Takiji Kobayashi late 1929 the bank dismissed.
March 1930 he went to Tokyo to continue to engage in activities of revolutionary literature, who has to defend the proletarian literature movement around the stump. During this period, he had been falsely accused the reactionary army and police arrested and jailed, imprisoned for six months. In prison, he showed an unyielding revolutionary quality, not yield to the enemy's violence. Released from prison soon after the May 1931 to attend the Writers Union of the third General Assembly, in July was selected as the league's secretary, leadership positions.
October 1931, Takiji Kobayashi joined the Japanese Communist Party. After writing the novel, shaping the image of a group of revolutionaries in the arts also reached Takiji Kobayashi creative peak.
1932, the Party organizations and revolutionary literature and art groups were hit by serious damage to the enemy, this Takiji Kobayashi had to go underground, the active leadership of revolutionary literature and art work.
February 20, 1933, in a secret link, unfortunately, was arrested by police agents. Duxing torture he enemy, to persist in the struggle, rather die than surrender, they were beaten to death that night, at the age of 29 years.
Takiji Kobayashi - the Literary
Takiji Kobayashi living according to
1923 began work in the literary periodicals published. He wrote a number of early short stories and essays, such as "Long Ji and beggars", "kill the dog" and so on. These works describe the deep feelings of Hokkaido in the bottom of the tragic life of working people and spontaneous resistance, but also demonstrated Takiji Kobayashi way to explore the positive aspirations of society.
1924 Takiji Kobayashi and his friends founded the "bright" magazine.
In 1927 years ago, by Ye Shanjia trees, Shiga Naoya, works of Tolstoy and Gorky effect Takiji Kobayashi created a short story "snack shop" "the twelfth lunar month," "murderous dog", etc., the performance is the bottom of society the tragic fate of the working people. Although the structure of the works of this period is relatively simple, but has shown love and hate Takiji Kobayashi clear, concise language and emotions deep features. In 1927, he participated in the "worker-peasant alliance artists" as the Otaru branch officers.
1928-1829 years Takiji Kobayashi of Japan to participate actively in literary movement under the leadership of the Communist Party, had a thought leaps to write his first novel "anti-Xue Lin" (1928), reportage, "March 1928 十五日 "(1928), novella" crab processing vessel "(1929) and" outside the landlord "(1929) and other works. "March 15, 1928" to the image of communist transition and exposed the reactionary government accused of crimes. "Crab processing vessel," the description of the non-human environment, fishermen from spontaneous to conscious struggle, became the foundation works of proletarian literature. His works of this period is very imposing and passion.
In the creation, Takiji Kobayashi with possession of the original but are advocates of the "proletarian realism" as a guide, pay attention to the details of characterization through. His work style simple, concise language, the feelings deep. Indifferent, deep, subtle, it is Takiji Kobayashi reveal character.
Takiji Kobayashi - representative work
"March 15, 1928"
"March 15, 1928"
This is Takiji Kobayashi for the first success, the Japanese Proletarian Literature in the landmark work.
"Crab processing vessel"
"Crab processing vessel"
"Crab processing vessel," the story focused on the fishing vessel "Bo Kuang," the fishermen and the struggles of supervision Asakawa. At that time, Japanese capitalism was a serious economic crisis, factory closures, rural bankruptcy, a large number of unemployed workers living on the streets. They are the life force, to fishing for hard labor. But in the fishing over the economy so that they can not tolerate the exploitation of domestic and international revolutionary movement and to their positive impact, making them aware of the need to fight together, and finally had organized strikes.
Work describes the true fishermen are united by the spread, from backward to consciousness, from dissatisfaction with an organized opposition to the strikes of the process. Through the description of this process, fully reveals the exploitation of domestic and Japanese imperialism cruelty, barbarity; also revealed deep class in the Japanese people under oppression, under the influence of the revolutionary ideas, the inevitable awakening, rose up the struggle to obtain the reality of trends in the victory. This is an awakening of the masses of workers and the struggle of the hymn.
"Crab processing vessel" for the Takiji Kobayashi won the World Wing honor. Original publication for the second year of the Chinese translated into Chinese, the author made specifically for the Chinese translation of an enthusiastic preface, praised China's revolutionary struggle of workers and peasants, the revolutionary people of China and Japan friendship. About the same time, Russian, French, English translations have been published, won the praise of the people of many countries.
"Outside the landlord"
"Outside the landlord" are based on the anti-rent tenants Rocky wild struggle profoundly describes those landlords and capitalists, industry and commerce "out landlord" of the fraudulent exploitation of poor farmers, as well as with government, military, banks colluded with the level of farmers layer exploit. The same time, the performance of the peasants to rise against rent, the farmers will be under the leadership of the organization to get the full support of urban workers in the victory. Description of works highlight the struggle is the key to victory in the revolutionary worker-peasant alliance forces.
"Life by the party"
"The party who lives", the Chinese translation of "Living for the party who" is Takiji Kobayashi after the Japanese Communist Party representative to participate.
Takiji Kobayashi - Impact
Influence in China
People's Literature Publishing House "crab processing vessel"
Back in early 1930, Xia Yan of "If Qin," the pseudonym of "pioneer" first published in the "on" a text, this may be the Chinese revolution, the Japanese literary writers Takiji Kobayashi's first review. Article wrote: "If someone asked: Recently, a masterpiece of Japanese literature 普罗列塔利亚 What? Then we can say without hesitation answered: is the" March 15, 1928, "the author Takiji Kobayashi's" crab processing vessel "." At last, also stressed: "We can boldly recommend:" crab processing vessel "is a 普罗列塔利亚 literary masterpiece."
Takiji Kobayashi's masterpiece "crab processing vessel" finalized in March 1929, initially in the journal "battle flag" on the serials, monographs published in the same year in September.
Spring of 1930, Lu Xun editor of the "Art of" the first issue (February 15, 1930 publication) published on the "crab processing vessel," the publication of notice: "Japan 普罗列塔利亚 literature, the biggest gain so far, no one recognized as This Takiji Kobayashi "crab processing vessel." in the description of the service of imperialism "crab processing vessel" in the fisherman tied dead in boat bar, the work boat for their own interests willing to sacrifice for help not a working ship hundreds of life, this miserable scene, the soul-stirring show the opposition out of the two classes. "
April 1930, Chen presided over the river such as Wang Shu Pu Road, published a study of the translation of Pan "crab processing vessel," but shortly thereafter the reactionary Kuomintang government as being "general literature" secret order banning offense. "Crab processing vessel," the publication, in the Chinese reading public had a positive impact and warm. Wang Renshu the "modern novel" March and April, published a journal, "Takiji Kobayashi bottom" to review and recommendation. "China Book Report" and other publications are also published a review article. Many writers are enthusiastic about the Chinese translation of Takiji Kobayashi works, such as Guo on the translation of "" for the people "(" Journal "Japanese short story collection", The Commercial Press, early March 1935 Edition).
Caused the death shocked the world
Takiji Kobayashi literary monument
February 20, 1933, as a traitor informant, Takiji Kobayashi was arrested in the streets of Tokyo. Tsukiji police agents in their tortured for three hours straight, he always struggle, the heroic and unyielding. Since his injuries, died that night, when he was under 30 years of age.
Takiji Kobayashi sudden news of the tragic death of the Japanese working class and the cultural shock. Organize workers and peasants throughout the country regardless of the blocking and destruction of military and police agents, have held rallies to mourn and protest. By the Japanese Proletarian Cultural Alliance groups to form the funeral committee, issued a statement exposing the reactionary government of Japan killed Takiji Kobayashi is the essence "in order to expand the war of aggression against China and the fervently anti-Soviet war preparations."
After hearing the people of the world, have also made condolences. Mr. Lu said in the telegram: "Chinese and Japanese people as close as brothers, the bourgeoisie deceive the people with blood in the manufacture of the gap between us and continue to create. But the vanguard of the proletariat, and his own blood is eliminated with this channel divide Takiji Kobayashi's death, is a case in point. all we know, we will not forget, we are strong along Takiji Kobayashi trail comrades go hand in hand. "
Takiji Kobayashi lived and died. As a communist fighter, and he worthy of the times. His heroic struggle for the liberation of the proletariat's revolutionary spirit lives on; as a writer, he is indeed the standard-bearer of the proletarian revolutionary literature, to create a well-off people of the world's spiritual wealth. His sacrifice, the Japanese emperor as the government banned his works. After the war, people he published "The Complete Works of Takiji Kobayashi," and in his hometown and set a monument Otaru City, respectively.
Takiji Kobayashi - Evaluation of the Characters
Century literary scholar: Takiji Kobayashi
Takiji Kobayashi's life is very short. He was the enemy destroyed Shihai age of 30, but his short life was the liberation of communist soldiers were fighting for the life of the class, standard-bearer of the Japanese proletarian literature and art movement fighting life.
In this short a few years, he experienced a shift from the petty-bourgeois intellectuals, soldiers of hard work for the proletarian revolution, the process of tempering; in creation, but also experienced in the ongoing efforts to explore under the formation of robust, simple , and progressive spirit of the revolutionary fighting style, the process of revolutionary realism.
In art, although as Takiji Kobayashi by the then one-sided emphasis on proletarian literature only describes the collective image and not portray the individual character of the theory of influence in the "crab processing vessel" does not create a typical revolutionary workers and the Image of the artistic lacking. But have fundamental, "crab processing vessel" is nonetheless a treasure of the history of Japanese literature. It was published, immediately aroused huge response, with critics arguing that it not only opened a crab boat in the shady work, and touches of modern Japan, the nature of capitalist society; praise of the "Japan's Sinclair."
Translated by Google