| 籍贯： | 康涅狄格州 | ||
阅读安妮·普鲁克斯 Edna Annie Proulx在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
1955年，她从佛蒙特大学辍学，跟在演出界工作的第一任丈夫结婚，婚后生了一个女孩，离婚后女儿跟前夫一起生活，直到普鲁克斯晚年女儿才回到她身边。对于第二次婚姻，普鲁克斯总是刻意回避，不想多谈。不过，在这次婚姻中，她生育了两个儿子。1969年，她第三次结婚，婚后又生了1个儿子。20年后，她和丈夫在友好气氛中分手。她说："我无法组建一个传统的家庭，这东西不适合我。"
1970年代初，她突然发现"自己不属于城市，很大程度上是个乡村人"。于是，她回到佛蒙特州住在乡村地区，靠为教人钓鱼和捕猎的杂志写稿子，赚钱养活三个儿子。
50多岁时，安妮.普鲁克斯才正式开始写作生涯，但这并不妨碍她1993年成为福克纳文学奖的第一位美国女性，而且获奖作品是长篇小说处女作《明信片》。第二年，普鲁克斯凭借《船讯》，获得普利策奖和国家图书奖。普鲁克斯的文字，以简洁、优美见长，其优雅的散文风格，使小说富有音乐般的韵律。
"写作前先学会生活"，这是文学界的一句箴言，普鲁克斯就是这句箴言的实践者。
50多岁开始写作前，为了养家，安妮.普鲁克斯做过餐馆女招待、邮政工人、自由作家，写过关于葡萄种植、篱笆修理、划独木舟、酿造苹果酒等技艺的文章。此外，她还会钓鱼、拉小提琴、打猎、造房子。对于写作，普鲁克斯力求在写作中传达最真实的场景。她说："探求事情发生的地点和经过成为我的第二天性。"
有评论家这样评论她："在普鲁克斯的笔下，小说更像是通过一针一线慢慢缝制而成的织品。"
《断背山》是安妮.普鲁克斯1999年出版的《近距离：怀俄明故事集》的最后一个故事。普鲁克斯说，创作《断背山》的灵感，来自在怀俄明一处酒吧的经历。那个夜晚，普鲁克斯在酒吧里留意到一名上了年纪的老牛仔，"他表情里的某种东西，某种悲伤的渴望，让我怀疑他是不是乡村同性恋者。"
不过，普鲁克斯强调，她完全凭想象力来完成对两个没受过多少教育、风格粗犷的年轻牛仔的刻画。小说中的主人公，与现实生活的人没有任何关系。她称，长年来在美国农村地区、尤其是西部地区，她观察到美国乡村人对同性恋者极端憎恶，这促使她写下了这个故事。
《断背山》是一部只有2万字的短篇小说，讲述了1960年代两个怀俄明牛仔之间的恋爱故事：在断背山看护羊群的过程中，在跟恶劣自然环境斗争的过程中，两个不到20岁的牛仔相爱了；但迫于世俗的压力，他们不敢公开自己的性取向，各自娶妻生子，压抑地生活着，把对彼此的爱深深地藏在心底。
1997年，《纽约客》杂志刊载了短篇小说《断背山》。这让普鲁克斯喜出望外，因为她根本没有指望发表。更出乎意料的是，《断背山》后来获得短篇小说的最高奖项 -- -- 欧-亨利奖以及国家杂志奖。
2006年华人导演李安将《断背山》拍成同名电影，获得了第78届奥斯卡金像奖的最佳导演奖和最佳改编剧本奖。
Life and career
Proulx (born Edna Ann Proulx, her first name honoring one of her mother's aunts), was born in Norwich, Connecticut, to parents of English and Native American/French-Canadian ancestry.[citation needed] Five of her maternal forebears came to America on the Mayflower.[citation needed] She graduated from Deering High School in Portland, Maine, then attended Colby College "for a short period in the 1950s", where she met her first husband H. Ridgely Bullock, Jr. She later returned to college, studying at the University of Vermont from 1966 to 1969, and graduated cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa with a Bachelor of Arts in History in 1969. She got her Master of Arts from Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University) in Montreal, Quebec in 1973 and pursued, but did not complete, her Ph.D. Starting as a journalist. Her first published work of fiction is thought to be "The Customs Lounge", a science fiction story published in the September 1963 issue of If, under the byline "E.A. Proulx". Another contender, probably earlier, was a science fiction story called "All the Pretty Little Horses", which appeared in teen magazine "Seventeen" possibly a year or two before this. She subsequently published stories in Esquire magazine and Gray's Sporting Journal in the late 1970s, eventually publishing her first collection in 1988 and her first novel in 1992. Subsequently, she was awarded NEA (in 1992) and Guggenheim (in 1993) fellowships.
A few years after receiving much attention for The Shipping News, she had the following comment on her celebrity status: "It's not good for one's view of human nature, that's for sure. You begin to see, when invitations are coming from festivals and colleges to come read (for an hour for a hefty sum of money), that the institutions are head-hunting for trophy writers. Most don't particularly care about your writing or what you're trying to say. You're there as a human object, one that has won a prize. It gives you a very odd, ginger kind of sensation."
In 1997, Annie Proulx was awarded the Dos Passos Prize. Proulx has twice won the O. Henry Prize for the year's best short story. In 1998, she won for "Brokeback Mountain," which had appeared in The New Yorker on October 13, 1997. Proulx won again the following year for "The Mud Below," which appeared in The New Yorker June 22 and 29, 1999. Both appear in her 1999 collection of short stories, Close Range: Wyoming Stories. The lead story in this collection, entitled "The Half-Skinned Steer," was selected by author Garrison Keillor for inclusion in The Best American Short Stories 1998, (Proulx herself edited the 1997 edition of this series) and later by novelist John Updike for inclusion in The Best American Short Stories of the Century (1999). In 2001 Proulx was one of the writers heavily criticized by Brian Reynolds Myers in his polemical work A Reader's Manifesto.
Proulx lived for more than thirty years in Vermont, has married and divorced three times, and has three sons and a daughter (named Jonathan, Gillis, Morgan, and Sylvia, a.k.a. "Muffy"). In 1994, she moved to Wyoming, where she currently resides, spending part of the year in northern Newfoundland on a small cove adjacent to L'Anse aux Meadows.
Proulx has four sisters: twins Joyce and Janet, who live in Louisana and Florida respectively; Roberta, of Fairlee, Vermont, and Jude, another writer who lives in Wales. Proulx has chosen to have little contact with any of her family over the years. In 2007, she attended a memorial for her father, George Napoleon Proulx, at which all five sisters were together for the first time in over 40 years.
Bibliography
* Sweet and Hard Cider: Making It, Using It and Enjoying It (1980; with Lew Nichols), ISBN 0-88266-242-2
* Plan and Make Your Own Fences & Gates, Walkways, Walls & Drives (1983), ISBN 0-87857-452-2
* The Gourmet Gardener: Growing Choice Fruits and Vegetables with Spectacular Results (1987), ISBN 0-449-90227-7
* Heartsongs and Other Stories (1988), ISBN 0-684-18717-5 (reprint ISBN 0-02-036075-4)
* Postcards (1992), ISBN 0-684-83368-9
* The Shipping News (1993), ISBN 0-684-85791-X
* Accordion Crimes (1996), ISBN 0-684-19548-8
* Close Range: Wyoming Stories (1999), ISBN 0-684-85222-5
* That Old Ace in the Hole (2002), ISBN 0-684-81307-6
* Bad Dirt: Wyoming Stories 2 (2004), ISBN 0-7432-5799-5
* Fine Just the Way It Is: Wyoming Stories 3 (2008), ISBN 978-1416571667
Awards
Literary Awards and Prize Collections:
* 2004—Aga Khan Prize for Fiction for "The Wamsutter Wolf"
* 2002—Best Foreign Language Novels of 2002 / Best American Novel Award, Chinese Publishing Association and Peoples' Literature Publishing House (That Old Ace in the Hole)
* 2000—WILLA Literary Award, Women Writing the West
* 2000—Borders Original Voices Award in Fiction (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)
* 2000—"People in Hell Just Want a Drink of Water," Best American Short Stories 2000
* 2000—English-Speaking Union's Ambassador Book Award (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)
* 2000—The New Yorker Book Award Best Fiction 1999 (Close Range, Wyoming Stories)
* 1999—"Half-Skinned Steer" inc. Best American Short Stories of the Century, ed. J. Updike
* 1999—"The Bunchgrass Edge of the World," The Best American Short Stories 1999
* 1999—"The Mud Below," O. Henry Awards Prize Stories 1999
* 1998—"Brokeback Mountain" National Magazine Award
* 1998—"Brokeback Mountain" inc. O. Henry Awards Prize Stories 1998
* 1998—"Half-Skinned Steer" inc. Best American Short Stories 1998
* 1997—John Dos Passos Prize for Literature (for body of work)
* 1997—Shortlisted for the 1997 Orange Prize (Accordion Crimes)
* 1994—Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (The Shipping News)
* 1994—National Book Award for fiction (The Shipping News)
* 1993—Irish Times International Fiction Prize (The Shipping News)
* 1993—Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize for Fiction (The Shipping News)
* 1993—PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction (Postcards)
Film adaptations
* The Shipping News (2001) was directed by Lasse Hallström and featured Kevin Spacey as the protagonist Quoyle, Judi Dench as Agnis Hamm and Julianne Moore as Wavey Prowse.
* Brokeback Mountain (2005), directed by Ang Lee and starring Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal, was based on a story of the same name in Proulx's collection of short stories, Close Range.