伊丽莎白·彼得罗芙娜·罗曼诺娃 | |||||||
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伊丽莎白·彼得罗芙娜于1741年因宫廷政变推翻伊凡六世而即位。她宣布继承彼得大帝的传统,废除了坏名声的内阁,恢复了元老院,并把权力集中于它。
这个时期俄国的实权掌握在彼得·苏沃洛夫等人手中。1754年起废除国内关税。设立贵族银行和商人银行,以及组织国际贸易的公司,俄罗斯经济呈现出生机。1755年创建莫斯科大学。1757年设立艺术院。另一方面,禁止贵族以外的人有土地所有权,同时把伏特加酒垄断权给予贵族,还给予地主任意把犯罪农民流放到西伯利亚的权力。农民处境进一步恶化。
伊丽莎白·彼得罗芙娜宠爱乌克兰歌手拉苏莫夫斯基。对外政策方面,在七年战争中与奥、法结盟。1762年病逝。皇位由彼得三世继承。
Her domestic policies allowed the nobles to gain dominance in local government while shortening their terms of service to the state. She encouraged Lomonosov's establishment of the University of Moscow and Shuvalov's foundation of the Academy of Fine Arts in Saint Petersburg. She also spent exorbitant sums of money on the grandiose baroque projects of her favourite architect, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, particularly in Peterhof and Tsarskoye Selo. The Winter Palace and the Smolny Cathedral remain the chief monuments of her reign in Saint Petersburg. Generally, she was one of the best loved Russian monarchs, because she did not allow Germans in the government and not one person was executed during her reign.