美國 冷戰中的美國  (1908年八月27日～1973年元月22日)

開端 終結 在位 1963年 1969年 

　　林登·貝恩斯·約翰遜（Lyndon Baines Johnson，1908年8月27日－1973年1月22日）是美國第三十六任總統（1963年11月22日 – 1969年1月20日）。他於1908年8月27日生於得剋薩斯州基利斯比縣的石墻。約翰遜傢族曾參與了約翰遜城的建設。
　　
　　早年歷程
　　
　　1930年畢業於得剋薩斯州西南師範學院。
　　
　　1930年至1932年於休斯頓某學校教授演說和辯論。
　　
　　1931年受聘於剋萊伯格議員，擔任秘書工作。
　　
　　1935年羅斯福總統任命為全國學生事務管理局得剋薩斯州負責人。任職期間他成績卓著。
　　
　　1937年當選為國會衆議員。
　　
　　1948年當選為國會參議員。
　　
　　1951年，擔任參議院議員一職僅3年即成為民主黨領袖。
　　副總統生涯
　　
　　1960年，約翰遜未能獲得民主黨總統候選人提名，轉而接受肯尼迪提名為副總統的建議。
　　
　　1963年11月22日，肯尼迪總統在得剋薩斯州達拉斯遇刺身亡，副總統約翰遜旋即在達拉斯機場的空軍一號總統專機的機艙裏宣誓就職，成為美國第三十六任總統。
　　總統生涯
　　
　　在繼任總統一職後，1964年，約翰遜又正式當選為總統。
　　
　　在內政上，約翰遜總統提齣了與“新政”、“公平施政”、“新邊畺”一脈相承的改革計劃，即“偉大社會”施政綱領。
　　
　　他在位期間，不遺餘力地推行各項福利法案、民權法案、消滅貧窮法案和減稅法，他的著名的“嚮貧窮開戰”的口號，引導全國在生活富裕時考慮到饑餓和匱乏的棘手問題。
　　
　　但是在外交上，奉行前任總統約翰·肯尼迪既訂政策，使越戰不斷昇級，由於美軍在越戰中傷亡慘重，其政策遭到了國內外普遍仮對，約翰遜也因而賠上政治前途。1968年總統選舉前，他宣佈不再參選，轉而支持副總統休伯特·漢弗萊。
　　卸任之後
　　
　　度過四年卸任生活後，1973年1月22日，因心肌梗塞於得剋薩斯州自營牧場內逝世，享年65歲。

　　Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969 after his service as the Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He served in all four elected offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President.
　　
　　Johnson (often referred to as LBJ) , a Democrat, succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, completed Kennedy's term and was elected President in his own right, winning by a large margin in the 1964 Presidential election. Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party and, as President, was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his attempt to help the poor in his "War on Poverty." Simultaneously, he greatly escalated direct American involvement in the Vietnam War.
　　
　　Johnson served as a United States Representative from Texas, from 1937–1949 and as United States Senator (as his grandfather foretold when LBJ was just an infant) from 1949–1961, including six years as United States Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority Whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was asked by John F. Kennedy to be his running-mate for the 1960 presidential election. Johnson's popularity as President steadily declined after the 1966 Congressional elections, and his re-election bid in the 1968 United States presidential election collapsed as a result of turmoil within the Democratic Party related to opposition to the Vietnam War. He withdrew from the race to concentrate on peacemaking.
　　
　　Johnson was renowned for his domineering personality and the "Johnson treatment," his arm twisting of powerful politicians in order to advance legislation. He was a legendary "hands-on" manager and the last President to serve out his term without ever hiring a White House Chief of Staff or "gatekeeper" (a position invented by Kennedy's predecessor, Dwight Eisenhower).
　　
　　Johnson died after suffering his third heart attack, on January 22, 1973. He was 64 years old.