| 姓： | 王 | ||
| 名： | 中孚、德威、嚞、喆 | ||
| 字： | 允卿、知明、世雄 | ||
| 网笔号： | 重阳子、王害风、重阳全真开化真君、重阳全真开化辅极帝君 | ||
| 今属： | 陕西省咸阳市秦都区大魏村 | ||
| 出生地： | 京兆咸阳大魏村 | ||
| 去世地： | 开封旅邸 | ||
阅读王重阳 Wang Chongyang在百家争鸣的作品!!! | |||
王重阳主张儒、释、道三教平等，三教合一，提出“三教从来一祖风”的融合学说。全真道内以《道德经》、《孝经》、《般若波罗蜜多心经 》为必修经典 ，认为修道即修心 ，除情去欲 ，存思静定、心地清静便是修行的真捷径。所以，全真道不崇尚符箓，不事黄白炼丹之术。大定九年十月﹐与弟子马钰﹑谭处端﹑刘处玄﹑邱处机四人西归﹐次年一月殁於大梁(今河南开封)。葬终南刘蒋村故庵(今陕西户县祖庵镇)。金章宗赐庵名为灵虚观。元太宗加封为重阳万寿宫。全真道尊为祖庵或祖庭。元世祖至元六年(1269)封为重阳全真开化真君﹔至大三年(1310)又加封为重阳全真开化辅极帝君。全真道尊为北五祖之一。其死后三年间，全真道传教范围波及关中、河南、河北、山东大部分，遍于社会上下各阶层。在组织上、理论上为全真道的兴盛发展奠定了基础。
其传世著作有《重阳全真集》﹐内收传道诗词约千馀首﹐另有《重阳立教十五论》﹑《重阳教化集》﹑《分梨十化集》等﹐均收入《正统道藏》。
补充
自呼王三（排行第三）或王害风(意为疯子)。陕西咸阳人。累世为地方大族。早年为儒生，善属文兼擅骑射。金天眷初年应武选，中甲科。任气好侠，不治家业。相传48岁时于甘河镇遇仙，得修炼真诀，悟道出家,曾在终南山筑墓穴居,自称居处为“活死人墓”。金大定七年(1167)抵山东，先后在文登、宁海、福山、登州（今蓬莱）、莱州（今掖县）建立三教七宝会、三教金莲会、三教三光会、三教玉华会、三教平等会，传道说法。收马钰、谭处端、刘处玄、邱处机、王处一、郝大通、孙不二等七人为徒。大定九年十月，与弟子马钰、谭处端、刘处玄、邱处机四人西归，次年一月殁于大梁（今河南开封）。葬终南刘蒋村故庵（今陕西户县祖庵镇）。金章宗赐庵名为灵虚观。元太宗加封为重阳万寿宫。全真道尊为祖庵或祖庭。元世祖至元六年(1269)封为重阳全真开化真君；至大三年(1310)又加封为重阳全真开化辅极帝君。全真道尊为北五祖之一。
王重阳糅合儒家和道、释的思想，主张三教平等、三教合一。声称“儒门释户道相通，三教从来一祖风”。以《道德经》、《般若波罗蜜多心经》、《孝经》为全真道徒必修的经典。他不尚符箓，不事黄白，也不信白日飞升之说。认为修道的根本在于修心，务必除情去欲，达到心地清静，则身在凡尘而心已在圣境；即“人心常许依清静，便是修行真捷径”。传世著作有《重阳全真集》,内收传道诗词约千余首,另有《重阳立教十五论》、《重阳教化集》、《分梨十化集》等，均收入《正统道藏》。
王重阳到底是不是抗金义士、武林第一高手
王重阳一生在女真人统治下的金代从事宗教活动，从来没有反抗过金国朝庭。
王重阳对武功虽然一窍不通，但文才还是不错的，留下了许多著作。他使道教从哲理上开创了一个新局面。王重阳融道、佛、儒思想于一炉，声称“儒门释户道相通，三教从来一祖风”。主张三教平等、三教合一，并以《道德经》《般若心经》《孝经》为全真道徒必修经典。王重阳不尚符箓，不事黄白，不信白日飞升，以修炼内丹为成仙证道的手段。其修炼法下手功夫重在“清静”二字，为此强烈主张修道者必须出家，除情去欲，忍耻含垢，苦行苦修。王重阳的修行方式客观上很适合女真和蒙古统治者的需要。
女真和蒙古统治者入主中原，最伤脑筋的就是没有好办法化解民族矛盾，而王重阳的清修主张正好消磨汉人反抗异族统治的斗志，有利于缓解民族矛盾和巩固异族君主的统治地位，所以王重阳创立的全真派在金元两个外族统治时代得到迅猛发展，并得到了官方的全力支持，王重阳也从而被元朝皇帝先后册封为“重阳全真开化真君”和“重阳全真开化辅极帝君”。全真教的活动中心也固定到首都燕京，建立了太极观（后改名长春宫），并成为全真派的最高殿堂。
Wang Chongyang (11 January 1113 – 22 January 1170) [Chinese calendar: 22nd day, 12th month, 2nd year, Zhenghe era in the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song - 4th day, 1st month, 10th year, Dading era in the reign of Emperor Shizong of Jin] was a Chinese Taoist and one of the founders of the Quanzhen School in the 12th century during the Song dynasty. He was one of the Five Northern Patriarchs of Quanzhen. He also appears as a character in works of wuxia fiction.
Name
Family name: Wang (王)
Given names: Zhongfu (中孚); Dewei (德威); Zhe (喆)
Courtesy names: Yunqing (允卿); Shixiong (世雄); Zhiming (知明)
Pseudonym: Chongyangzi (重陽子)
Life
Wang was born with his birth name as "Zhongfu" in a wealthy family in 1113. He was educated in Chinese classics and martial arts.
Wang intended to start a rebellion against the Jurchen Jin dynasty, which conquered northern China in the Jin–Song Wars. According to tradition, in the summer of 1159 when he was 48, he met two Taoist immortals in a tavern, Zhongli Quan and Lü Dongbin. They trained him in secret forms of Taoism. He changed his name to "Zhe" and adopted the Taoist name "Chongyang".
In 1160, Wang met one of the immortals again and was provided with a set of written instructions called "Ganshui Xianyuan Lu". Those written instructions included the names of two men who would later become his disciples (Ma Yu and Tan Chuduan). Wang built a tomb for himself near Mount Zhongnan and called it "Tomb of the Living Dead". He lived in it for three years.
At the end of the three years, Wang filled the tomb with earth and built a hut on top of it and called it "Complete Perfection Hut". He spent the next four years in the hut studying Taoism and imparting his knowledge to others. During that time, he met Tan Chuduan, who became his disciple after he cured Tan from illness. Qiu Chuji and Tan traveled around the local towns and villages with Wang and founded five Taoist congregations. Wang's teachings were referred to the "Teachings of the Complete Perfection" (after the hut) and his branch of Taoism became known as the Quanzhen School.
In 1167, Wang burnt down the hut and travelled east to Shandong, where he met Ma Yu and Ma's wife, Sun Bu'er. They became his disciples as well. He accepted a total of seven disciples who later became known as "Seven Masters of Quanzhen" or "Seven Elders of Quanzhen". They are also called the "Seven Immortals" or "Seven Perfected Beings".
In 1187, Emperor Shizong of Jin summoned Wang's disciple Wang Chuyi (and, according to some sources, also Qiu Chuji) to preach in his inner palace. Later, he requested the presence of Wang Chuyi at his deathbed. Shizong's successor, Emperor Zhangzong, banned the teaching of Quanzhen Taoism. He considered them as causing heretical and detrimental to society;He converted to Quanzhen's teachings later and let Wang Chuyi stay in Yanjing (present-day Beijing) for a year. Shizong's grandson Wanyan Shou later wrote a biography for Wang Chongyang.
Writings
Wang was the author of many poems of Taoist instruction. According to legend, Liu Chuxuan became a follower of Wang after reading one of Wang's poems.
Wang's writings include:
"An Anthology of Complete Perfection by Chongyang" (Chongyang Quanzhen Ji)
"Chongyang's Anthology on Teaching Transformation" (Chongyang Jiaohua Ji)
"Chongyang's Anthology of the Ten Transformations by Dividing Pears" (Chongyang fenli shihua ji) (The phrase "to divide a pear" is a pun for "to separate," these were writings intended to convince Ma Yu and Sun Bu'er to separate in order to better cultivate the Dao.)
Disciples
Wang Chongyang and his seven disciples, depicted in Changchun Temple, Wuhan
The most notable ones among Wang's seven disciples were Sun Bu'er and Qiu Chuji. Sun's husband, Ma Yu, was one of the seven, while she became an important role model for female Taoists. Ma Yu later succeeded Wang as the leader of the Quanzhen School.
Qiu Chuji gained the favour of Genghis Khan and founded the White Cloud Monastery in Beijing. Genghis Khan granted tax-exempt status to all Quanzhen schools and placed Qiu in charge of all religions in China.
Each of the seven disciples founded his or her own lineage of Quanzhen Taoism. They are as follows:
Ma Yu (馬鈺) founded the Yuxian lineage (Meeting the Immortals)
Tan Chuduan (譚處端) founded the Nanwu lineage (Southern Void)
Liu Chuxuan (劉處玄) founded the Suishan lineage (Mount Sui)
Qiu Chuji (丘處機) founded the Longmen lineage (Dragon Gate)
Wang Chuyi (王處一) founded the Yushan lineage (Mount Yu)
Hao Datong (郝大通) founded the Huashan lineage (Mount Hua)
Sun Bu'er (孫不二) founded the Qingjing lineage (Clarity and Stillness)
In fiction
Condor Trilogy
Wang Chongyang
Created by Jin Yong
Appearances The Legend of the Condor Heroes,
The Return of the Condor Heroes
Personal information
Nickname(s) "Central Divine" (中神通)
Gender Male
Romantic interest(s) Lin Chaoying
Affiliations
Organisations Quanzhen Sect (founder)
Students Official students:
Ma Yu,
Tan Chuduan,
Liu Chuxuan,
Qiu Chuji,
Wang Chuyi,
Hao Datong,
Sun Bu'er
Unofficial students:
Zhou Botong
Wang appears as a character in the novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes and its sequel The Return of the Condor Heroes, both written by Jin Yong (Louis Cha). Although he is only mentioned by name, he is credited as the "Central Divine" (中神通) of the Five Greats (五絕), the top five champions of the first martial arts contest on Mount Hua. He is depicted as a patriotic Taoist of the predominantly-Han Chinese society of the Song Empire, and seeks to protect his people from the Jurchen Jin dynasty's invasion of northern China. He founds the Quanzhen Sect, based in Chongyang Palace on Mount Zhongnan, with the aim of grooming and nurturing Taoists, who are trained in martial arts, to serve the country and uphold justice. After Wang's death, his seven students, known as the "Seven Immortals of Quanzhen", inherit his legacy and promote Quanzhen to become one of the leading orthodox sects in the wulin (martial artists' community).
The sequel provides a glimpse into Wang's romance with Lin Chaoying, founder of the Ancient Tomb Sect. In his earlier life, Wang had an ancient tomb built at Mount Zhongnan, intended to serve as a secret base of operations for the battles against the Jurchens. He lost to Lin in a martial arts contest and had to abide by his promise to give up the tomb to her and become a Taoist. Wang and Lin remain rivals for the rest of their lives, constantly innovating new martial arts techniques to defeat each other. However, Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü discover later that Lin apparently hates Wang but actually still loves him. This is evident from the fact that although Lin's martial arts seem to counter Wang's, they actually complement his skills.
Other appearances
In the manhua series Oriental Heroes by Hong Kong artist Wong Yuk-long, Wang Chongyang is noted as the creator of the 'Nine Solar Art'.
References
Daoism Handbook, Livia Kohn, editor. (Handbook of Oriental Studies Section Four, Volume 14.) Brill Academic Publishers, 2000.
The Taoist Manual: An Illustrated Guide Applying Taoism to Daily Life, Brock Silvers. Sacred Mountain Press 2005.
Jump up ^ 宋徽宗政和二年十二月廿二 – 金世宗大定十年正月初四
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Jing-shen Tao, "The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China". University of Washington Press, 1976, ISBN 0-295-95514-7. Pages 106-107.
Cha, Louis. The Legend of the Condor Heroes.
Cha, Louis. The Return of the Condor Heroes.