冷战 人物列表
埃尔文·布鲁克斯·怀特 Elwyn Brooks White(冷战)大卫·奥瓦迪亚 David Ovadia(冷战)布拉加·季米特洛娃 Blaga Nikolova Dimitrova(冷战)
伊丽莎白·巴格利亚娜 Elisaveta Bagryana(冷战)夏德 Jens August Schade(冷战)沙尔维格 Ole Sarvig(冷战)
埃尔文·布鲁克斯·怀特 Elwyn Brooks White
冷战  (1899年7月11日1985年10月1日)

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埃尔文·布鲁克斯·怀特
  埃尔文.布鲁克斯.怀特 (Elwyn Brooks White),1899 -- 1985,美国当代著名散文家、评论家,以散文名世, “其文风冷峻清丽,辛辣幽默,自成一格。” 他的散文中,最为世人称道的一篇是《林湖重游》(Once more to the lake)。
  
  E.B.怀特 (E.B.White) 1899年生于纽约。1918 年,从美军退役,入康奈尔大学就读,1921 年毕业。这期间他曾担任过《西雅图时报》等多家出版机构的记者。1924 年,他回到纽约,当了一位广告撰稿人。1926 或 1927 年,他来到《纽约客》杂志社作编辑工作。在《纽约客》工作的这11年来,他为这本杂志写下了大量的散文和诗歌,还有些别的体裁的文章。1929 年他和凯瑟琳(Katherine)结婚。(1941,他们一起撰写了《美国幽默文库》一书。)不久,怀特开始为《新纽约周刊》工作。但是,直到他和他的同事兼朋友James Thurber合写的《性是必需的吗?》一书在同年出版后,怀特才真正引起了文坛的注意。
  
  从 1938 -- 1943 年,他作为《哈珀斯》杂志的专栏作家,为该杂志的"个人观点"专栏撰写了大量的散文。这些"怀特式"的散文在1942年被结集出版后,被评论家认为是怀特最优秀的一本散文集。
  
  1939 年,他搬到缅因州的北 Brooklin 的一个农场,作为一名自由作家继续从事写作。1959年,怀特出版了一本文体学专著《文体的要素》,这本书后来被广泛地用作美国中学与大学的教材。
  
  除了大量的散文、杂文等,怀特还写了三部童话,分别是《小老鼠斯图尔特》(1945),《夏洛的网》(1952),《天鹅的喇叭》(1970)。其中最受欢迎的就是《夏洛的网》,至今已经发行 500 万册以上,拥有20 多种文字的译本。在美国1976年《出版周刊》搞的一次读者调查中,这本童话位居“美国十佳儿童文学名著”中的首位,可见它受欢迎的程度。曾有一个小读者写信问他,你的童话故事是真的吗?怀特去信回答:“不,他们是想象出来的故事 -- 但是真的生活也不过是生活的一种罢了 -- 想象里的生活也算一种生活。”
  
  1985 年 10 月 1 日,怀特因 Alzheimer(老年痴呆症)在缅因州的北 Brooklin 去世,由他的儿子和三个孙子埋葬。
  
  由于怀特在散文创作等方面取得的突出成绩,他在生前曾获得多项殊荣:1971 年,他获得美国“国家文学奖章”;1973年,他被选为美国文学艺术学院50名永久院士之一;1978 年,他获得普利策特别文艺奖;他还获得了美国七家大学及学院的名誉学位。
  
  他的主要作品有:《女士是冷酷的》(1928),《性是必需的吗?》(1929),《美国幽默文库》(1941),《个人观点》(1942),《小老鼠斯图尔特》(1945),《野菖蒲》(1946),《这里是纽约》(1949),《夏洛的网》(1952),《角落里的第二棵树》(1954),《文体的要素》(1959),《我罗盘的方位》(1962),《天鹅的喇叭》(1970),《怀特散文》(1977),《诗与小品》(1981),《纽约客文选1925-1976》(1990)。


  Irvine. Brooks. Wright (Elwyn Brooks White), 1899 - 1985, American contemporary famous essayist, critic, prose name of the world, "its style Stern Elegant, spicy humor, sui generis." His prose The most commendable of a world is "Lake Forest revisit" (Once more to the lake).
  From 1938 - 1943, he was as "Harpers" magazine columnist, the magazine's "personal views" column wrote many essays. The "White" type of essay was compiled and published in 1942, after critics said was a copy of White's best essays.
  In 1939, he moved to North Brooklin, Maine on a farm, as a writer and continue writing. In 1959, White published a monograph style "elements of style", this book came to be widely used as a U.S. high school and university textbooks.
  October 1, 1985, White by Alzheimer (Alzheimer's disease) in North Brooklin, Maine, died, by his son and three grandchildren burial.
  Such as White made in the prose of outstanding achievements, he received numerous awards during his lifetime: in 1971, he received the American "national literature award"; in 1973, he was elected to the United States Institute of the Arts Literature Fellow of one of the 50 permanent ; in 1978, he received the Pulitzer Prize for literature and art in particular; He also won seven U.S. universities and colleges of honorary degrees.
  His major works include: "Ladies are cold" (1928), "Sex is necessary it? "(1929)," Library of American Humor "(1941)," personal views "(1942)," Stuart Little "(1945)," Wild Iris "(1946)," Here is New York "(1949)," Summer Lori's Web "(1952)," a corner of the second tree "(1954)," Elements of Style "(1959)," I compass directions "(1962)," Swan's horn "(1970)," White Prose "(1977)," Poems and Essays "(1981)," The New Yorker Selected Works 1925-1976 "(1990).
    

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