美国 冷战中的美国  (1908年8月27日～1973年1月22日)

开端 终结 在位 1963年 1969年 

　　林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊（Lyndon Baines Johnson，1908年8月27日－1973年1月22日）是美国第三十六任总统（1963年11月22日 – 1969年1月20日）。他于1908年8月27日生于得克萨斯州基利斯比县的石墙。约翰逊家族曾参与了约翰逊城的建设。
　　
　　早年历程
　　
　　1930年毕业于得克萨斯州西南师范学院。
　　
　　1930年至1932年于休斯顿某学校教授演说和辩论。
　　
　　1931年受聘于克莱伯格议员，担任秘书工作。
　　
　　1935年罗斯福总统任命为全国学生事务管理局得克萨斯州负责人。任职期间他成绩卓著。
　　
　　1937年当选为国会众议员。
　　
　　1948年当选为国会参议员。
　　
　　1951年，担任参议院议员一职仅3年即成为民主党领袖。
　　副总统生涯
　　
　　1960年，约翰逊未能获得民主党总统候选人提名，转而接受肯尼迪提名为副总统的建议。
　　
　　1963年11月22日，肯尼迪总统在得克萨斯州达拉斯遇刺身亡，副总统约翰逊旋即在达拉斯机场的空军一号总统专机的机舱里宣誓就职，成为美国第三十六任总统。
　　总统生涯
　　
　　在继任总统一职后，1964年，约翰逊又正式当选为总统。
　　
　　在内政上，约翰逊总统提出了与“新政”、“公平施政”、“新边疆”一脉相承的改革计划，即“伟大社会”施政纲领。
　　
　　他在位期间，不遗余力地推行各项福利法案、民权法案、消灭贫穷法案和减税法，他的著名的“向贫穷开战”的口号，引导全国在生活富裕时考虑到饥饿和匮乏的棘手问题。
　　
　　但是在外交上，奉行前任总统约翰·肯尼迪既订政策，使越战不断升级，由于美军在越战中伤亡惨重，其政策遭到了国内外普遍反对，约翰逊也因而赔上政治前途。1968年总统选举前，他宣布不再参选，转而支持副总统休伯特·汉弗莱。
　　卸任之后
　　
　　度过四年卸任生活后，1973年1月22日，因心肌梗塞于得克萨斯州自营牧场内逝世，享年65岁。

　　Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969 after his service as the Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. He served in all four elected offices of the United States: Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President.
　　
　　Johnson (often referred to as LBJ) , a Democrat, succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, completed Kennedy's term and was elected President in his own right, winning by a large margin in the 1964 Presidential election. Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party and, as President, was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included laws that upheld civil rights, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his attempt to help the poor in his "War on Poverty." Simultaneously, he greatly escalated direct American involvement in the Vietnam War.
　　
　　Johnson served as a United States Representative from Texas, from 1937–1949 and as United States Senator (as his grandfather foretold when LBJ was just an infant) from 1949–1961, including six years as United States Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority Whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1960, Johnson was asked by John F. Kennedy to be his running-mate for the 1960 presidential election. Johnson's popularity as President steadily declined after the 1966 Congressional elections, and his re-election bid in the 1968 United States presidential election collapsed as a result of turmoil within the Democratic Party related to opposition to the Vietnam War. He withdrew from the race to concentrate on peacemaking.
　　
　　Johnson was renowned for his domineering personality and the "Johnson treatment," his arm twisting of powerful politicians in order to advance legislation. He was a legendary "hands-on" manager and the last President to serve out his term without ever hiring a White House Chief of Staff or "gatekeeper" (a position invented by Kennedy's predecessor, Dwight Eisenhower).
　　
　　Johnson died after suffering his third heart attack, on January 22, 1973. He was 64 years old.