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梁实秋After 40 years of age is more focus on essays and translations. Prose masterpiece "Elegant Pieces" from the 1949 total of 20 years out of four series. 30s began translating Shakespeare, lasted for 40 set, The Complete Works of 1970 completed the translation, namely, 37 scripts, poetry 3. Old age with 7 years to complete one million words book "History of English Literature."
"Winter night grass was comments" (comments) and press more than one co-author, 1923 (privately printed)
"Literature of the discipline" (commentaries) 1928, Crescent
"Elegant Pieces" (essays) 1949, Taiwan. Center
"Selected Works of Liang," 1961, Taipei, Lu Press, New
"Literary cause" (prose) 1964, Man Star
"A Brief Discussion of Chinese and Western cultures," 1970, Taipei into the school bookstore
"Saneaki text", 1971, blue light
"Look gathered" (prose) 1974, Zhiwen
"Liang Literature," 1978, Times
"Elegant Pieces" (3,4 set) 1982 a 1986, Taiwan. Center
"History of English Literature," 1985, Taipei Society volunteers Books Publishing industry
"Wedding set" (short stories) with Strindberg, Sweden, 1930, China
"Workers Manan Biography" (novel) British Isles Elliott book, 1932, Business
"Ha Yu Reiter" (script) with the British Shakespeare, 1936, Business
"Love Story," the British George. Eliot book, 1945, Chongqing Yellow Press
"Shakespeare set 20 kinds of" 1967, Man Star
Real love autumn
Classic love
Curiosity and expectations.
In 1923, Liang Tsinghua ended 8 years of life, according to the requirements of the school study in the U.S. in luggage RBI. This went on two years would mean parting.
Their small family and Beauty in the past they have always dreamed of living out her husband support the family, the wife at home in charge of family night at the Dengying years, or Hongxiutianxiang night reading, or nestled among whispering go into the details, share their fun and distress.
Because of the difference this time, since then the thirties, both the ends of the earth, the two-phase line is always teacher on the street.
Year-end parties Love
Speaking, Liang and Han Jingqing the meet should be attributed to a book --- Liang editor of the "Far East English-Chinese dictionary."
One day, Han Jingqing the inside, Xie Yan Zhao write a letter in English, she was bought by the "Far East English-Chinese Dictionary" check a few English terms. Xie Yan Zhao eat at the table on top edge turned Dictionary, Han Jingqing her beloved dictionary, he said: "Xie Bobo, look at it after dinner, the dinner table with oil will dirty dictionary. This is what I bought with more than 1000 yuan book! "" What a great dictionary! "Xie Yan Zhao disapproval," the boss of the Far East Book Company, then still I sent him out of it Liuyang. This dictionary, I went to 'Far East' How much of this he would have to How much of this. Tomorrow, I'll show you the Far East, told the boss to send you a new one! "The next day, Xie Yan Zhao If you do not go back on, with Han Jingqing to the" Far East. " Complimentary a new boss immediately the "Far East English-Chinese Dictionary", and said Xie Yan Zhao, Liang editor living in China and the United States building, or else go and see him? Xie Yan Zhao a promised, then went to see with Hanjing Qing Liang. Building in China and the United States, Xie Yan Zhao Liang chat with a few, they invited him to the hotel coffee unified, originally to be gaining the Liang friends immediately agreed, the three drove to the hotel. Xie Yan Zhao chance encounter at the hotel knew the United States, Professor David, he invited to sit with. David is also the study of politics, and Xie Yan Zhao a common topic of conversation both warm and cold in the side of the Liang. Liang had and Han Jingqing chatter up. Liang said: "Oh, you're Miss Han Jingqing, I heard you singing it. However, the first time I saw you on TV in the name of it, I felt very awkward!" "Awkward? Is it?" Han Jingqing laugh the. Liang a very serious look: "You think about it, read Jing jing, this 'Ching Ching' and more mouthful! Either called Jingjing, or called cooling off, it fluently. Who is the name taken?" "Han Jingqing is my Add to my list, is my own take. I called Han Derong of this. "" like a boy's name, the name is not good! "" small time in Shanghai, like singing. on stage to sing the name with Hande Rong No, I from the "Book of Tang style rod Du" an 'it Ye Jingjing' in, take the 'Jing Jing' word for list. But I soon found that singers used 'Jing Jing' for list of people have several months, I changed 'Ching Ching' ... ... "" What you simple, when a young age, you know "The Book of Songs", that 'it Ye Jingjing'. "" Where, where, I know some classical because the child that her father had a scholar Pengshou Min, taught me classical - a far cry from miles with Professor Liang! "" What you read in classical Chinese)? "Liang asked. Han Jingqing smile. Education for a while back, "Mencius." Two more on the more mature, more talk more. After dinner, almost 7:00, so say goodbye to leave. This day is November 27, 1974.
Since the acquaintance, Liang and Han Jingqing together every day, or about literature and art, or the Road, homely affairs, or dinner, take a walk ... ... only a week's time, the feelings of the tide in their heart from a Cuncun up.
Compared with her, Liang indomitable, very fierce offensive. Since the beginning the sixth day acquaintance, as do his homework, Liang letter every day, personally handed it her hand. The face of her hesitation, he wrote: "Do not say that the cliff is the crater, we have to embrace the jump."
Colorful see Human
Meanwhile, Liang also stuck a huge pain and trouble among. Some of my friends started to match his marriage on his behalf to find a few of his women as they think fit, with writers, and professors, to Liang ridiculous. And he has quite a large number of students with high social status, even the banner of "protecting Division" banner, against Liang Han Love.
Liang satisfied with the short paper as long love letters. He took out a newspaper supplement life skill, to his "dearest Xiaowa" to do a "pure autumn supplement" to the daily current affairs newspaper was interesting, copying down for one person to read his Xiaowa pastime.
Wedding day, bride Liang than we have yet brilliant. His dress is Han Jingqing election, is a rose-colored suit with flowers with an orange tie, sticking out his chest a bunch of carnations, wore Han Jingqing get his ring. Compared to that the wear stacked crotch pants, cloth tape wrapped around Kujiao on the podium at the university to the students about English literature Liang Shih-chiu, who can not 由衷地感叹 great strength of love.
Some people say, "Marriage is the tomb of love," Liang and Han Jingqing are used to prove their love, marriage is the love of the homeland. Together, they have gone through 12 years of loving.
When the pursuit of Han Jingjing Liang, share of hot young is immune hold a candle. The love letter was published collection, the fiery language to express the romantic, a little can not tell this is a septuagenarian old are mine, "cups of chrysanthemum Xie Lan has opened overseas to date on Angels? Message to flower into a crazy person, fine Bud has been a plum. "Shuzhen its cuddly looks catching the" Jiaochi guess no fear of man, fully clothed Shuidao were pregnant, "Liu Qi Qing Zhang San shadow really is not a rival. Love Han Liang year exposure, the Taiwanese defense of the island have set off a wave of Liang and his disciples is playing the "protection division" on the cover, high-profile opposition. Now want to come, this is really incredible. Hanoi changing of the guard is neither Wang nor ren Peking fell into the water, people just like you love me the freedom to love, got to do? Good thing the Chinese people has always been the case, the husband addicted to the ancient crust Zhuxiu not lacking in attitude is particularly serious the Ugly. Very often, especially not other people see good, love to find some high-sounding perfectly justifiable reason or pretense to unwarranted interference in total disregard for the feelings of others. Fortunately Liang unshaken carnivals. Liang Han Shuxin I read, feel mushy, but I first of all know that people see this is not addressed to me, the expression among lovers, and often is a branch of the whistling arrow Po Kong, some signal, some direct cry. Do you think nauseating, Han Jingjing do not think like.
Saneaki Friendly
Met in ships
Liang was the Tsinghua School (Tsinghua University, the predecessor of) the U.S. students, and Bing Xin's husband Wenzao classmates, after returning from studies in the U.S., life as a career university professors, teaching literary criticism, English literature; in to teach the other, but also in translation, a one-handedly with 40 years translation of "The Complete Works of Shakespeare" in the history of the world's translation is a brilliant feat, and his prose works are also very popular.
They shake after a few days at sea, Xu Shan, Gu Qiao, Bing Xin, Liang these like-minded people together to do a literary character poster, posted in the cabin at the entrance. With the number of exchanges, the original bias gradually eliminated, the two became good friends. Liang Cheng Jishu even thoughts on the girlfriend also talk to Bing Xin, told her and his girlfriend were in Shanghai, while she herself was a cry.
In 1926, Liang and Bing Xin are returned from studies in the U.S., and were found in the university foothold.
But Bing ultimately failed to make the trip because her health has been poor, often periodically vomiting. In the United States three years, almost half the time she was in bed, touching, well-known "to the young reader" is written on her bed. Supposed to meet with friends, but stranded midway in to the Promulgation of the letter, she said resignedly: "I can not have made that day really whom!" Was to Shandong Zouping Wenzao meeting, the way to Qingdao, home Liang in a short stay, a taste of what coastal style.
Liang live Beibei, much more lively than the Bing Xin's residence, to gather a lot of intellectuals fleeing. WU Jing-Chao Liang and students here, together couple bought a house, described as "Elegant." As a person living outside Liang, no family responsibilities, coupled with his pleasant personality, talent aspect, humorous conversation, elegant homes became a good place to meet friends, thriving. Bing Xin's free time, also came to sit. We jokingly talked about, often late into the night, Bing Xin's wife on with Cystic Gong industry super crowded in a bed Ya, Just try to sleep for a night, the next day back Geleshan.
Then, around the desk next to other men much discontent, cried: "the most like real flower in autumn, then we are not friends?" So Bing said: "On no less impatient. I did not finish. "Then Bifeng Sharp, continues:
Liang not only the outstanding literary talent, appearance is also a "top grade", plus humorous conversation, popular with friends like. Poet Fang Lingru said he was "indifferent to Merry," Bing called him the "Libertine", which refers both to his outstanding literary talent, but also very popular with a female friend that he favored. Bing Liang and correspondence between the pictures and often between, on one occasion painting a picture of Bing Xin Liang to the plum, Bing wrote back: "What a great painting plum blossom, the dog will be drawn." Humorous banter between friends can be seen.
December 1, 1987, in Tiananmen Square, not far from the North Western Returned Scholars Association Chamber South Riverside, entertainment personalities of Beijing held a memorial service for the Liang. This is the statement issued Liang and married his wife Cheng Jishu place. Bing Xin's not to be due to physical reasons, but she wrote a funeral oration for the Liang Shih-chiu, from Lao She's wife, Xu Qing Hu on behalf of Reading. After the memorial meeting will be hanging Liang Qian's father gave Bing a souvenir photo.
Attachment: Letter
We'd love to see you, my friends really too alienated! Annual leave to come? About the efforts of our students, but also about the Chao Han, for the country you should meet up. If I 100 without a long, at least for your coffee!
Bing Xin
Causes controversy
Undoubtedly, such as single view on the question of Rousseau, Lu Xun is correct. Either as an individual life, or of human thought and cultural contributions, are always worthy of the great Rousseau admired generations. Liang for their own bias, again and again and again to attack denounced Rousseau and finally aroused the indignation of Lu Xun, there is reasonable doubt. Lu said: "done," The Social Contract "of Rousseau, since the moment he has not died, they blame and persecution by the people, until now, no blame was finally finished." Obviously, Lu Xun not only the admiration of Rousseau, and shows a deep empathy as sympathy.
Liang counterattack caught the problem when Lu Xun, Lu Xun is a very sensitive issue. He said: "There is a person, just with monotonous 'dissatisfaction with the status quo', that is at fault here today, tomorrow, that there problems are detected, it will have endless essays, until some person some medicine, particularly his discontent; this a cold medication, which medication too hot, too fast this medication, which medication is too slow. all prescriptions are no judgments were worthless, are sarcastic Debu leave the rest, the situation seems to fear that once up to his satisfaction, He's not like random thoughts. "
The climax of controversy
Culminating in the flag controversy, is Lu Xun his famous essay "" funeral home "" capitalist running dogs lack, "" was published. Prior to this, create a community of Zhu Wen Feng, who said: "However, Liang was taught for the ... ... for this sermon, we should send 'capitalist running dogs' such title." Sophistication of the Liang retaliate immediately for a Gun: "" pioneer, "said a capitalist running dog, which a capitalist, or all of the capitalists? I do not know who my master, if I know, I have to take several magazines before going to the master table function, or also get a few Jin Xu pounds or rubles reward bestow it. "words were playful, but also contains the very deep heart of the other views. It is said that Lu Xun's reaction after reading this article, first cold smile, then Road: is super also tender some, this time I had to come. So wrote the above thing I read in far-reaching effects for many years been regarded as a model of the name of the text. In this article, Mr. Lu Xun to fully mobilize all his potential as Essayist essays to visualize, and are a logical way of style, the "funeral home" with "lack" the capitalists "running dog" of the cap, Dai Liang firmly to the neck. Article Highlights of remarks almost make people Guomuchengsong:
However, the words to this sense of proportion, it can not be ideological differences, let alone what is the conflict of different cultural ideas. Thus, the climax that actually mean the end. Since then, the two sides you come to the grips though I still have occurred, but only as a fierce battle after the other waves.
Lu had a rough life, full of "frustrated", so it is natural that there is an air of resentment, lies across the chest, a spit faster. The object of resentment is who? Propriety, system, tradition, the government had turned his Xiefen object. He is Shaoxing, perhaps innate, that "Dao Bili" the quality of the writing on the very harsh of responsibility, the foundation of his Chinese vernacular literature writers at that time in general is certainly outstanding, so his work (particularly The so-called random thoughts) is commendable in that it did. His text, concise and malicious, as scattered ironic point of view, has its value. His major works, that is his one another's essays in this collection. But to become a writer, a single abdominal complaints, grievances of a cavity is not enough, he must have a positive thinking, Duirenduishi should have a positive view, although do not constitute any system, at least have a positive idea. Lu Xun's not enough words for this. He only have a negative attitude, barely sum up, that is a "dissatisfied with the status quo" attitude. This attitude is not wrong. Northern warlords ruling for several years, and who satisfied with the status quo? The problem is, just not satisfied with what should be? Our nation, political culture, is really a state of disaster, how do? Slowly for a little bit of improvement, be a way. Lu Xun, if not in favor of this approach can also, if the thought that this approach is a compromise of deadbeat passive, you can, but you gotta make a way, not just abuse, verbal abuse the object of corruption, abuse of others the idea of improvement, abuse everything, but they do not make positive claims. And Lu Xun's most serious weaknesses, that is so. I once wrote a text, force him to a showdown, the title of the article is "dissatisfied with the status quo." I remember I said: "What did you say all the people down, you are against all claims, you are no judgments all the worthless doctrine, in the end you intend to do? Ask you to state your positive ideas." I am the force, probably is scratched up enough for him. His answer is very wonderful, first Xiyong his old tactics, the first complications ridiculed me about it, that my writing is bad, "praise" is "praise", "depreciation" is "demoted", if not used as a derogatory, derogatory words can not increase above the praise, (Lu Xun probably forgot about that once in Dream of Red Mansions "Judgments," the word used together to find fault solution, Northern dialect is still the case.) Then he declared, there is a doctrine that he and not abusive terms. I then asked him, What is the doctrine that a doctrine? Is it communism? He did not answer. (By revealing the face of the darkness of life, different people have different attitudes. Wise men will be food for thought, back to their own province, and then change the selection method; a fool does not seek self-redemption, counter-charges where they do not fully informed of their own is a level road. ---- Yu Hui press)
Do not think that Lu Xun was a deliberate beginning to pave the way for the Communist Party. That is not true, he had nothing to do with the Communist Party, he is desperate, last driven to revolt. He never criticized communism, this is not fake, he was such a back door open. So later the Communist Party to use him to lead when left-wing writers alliance intertwined. In fact, Lu Xun's criticism for the leftist who is very tough, wait until it is favored by the Communist Party to become the leaders of the time left before they stop their attacks. About this time, he blunt rude tone to translate the Russian Communist Party "arts policy." That this "cultural policy" of the translation, in Lu Xun is a very important matter, it is very clear that he is inclined to the Chinese Communist Party. But I still have a little suspicious, this book is Lu Xun's handwritten translation, because translation was really bad, Lu Xun does not appear to this point, it is possible that the Communist Party forced him to file anonymous and he can not shirk. This file is not life long, because soon suffered major purge of the Russian literary and art circles, as Lunacharsky, Plekhanov, Mayekafu Wieniawski, all suffered the most tragic fate, in Shanghai " the general cultural movement "that is ordered died down, the so-called" left-wing writers alliance "that is ordered to go into hiding off the sound of this period of dramatic change in style after detailed in the book of Eastman," Artists in uniform, "a book. After this period, Lu Xun will further the Communist camp.
Lu Xun's literary theory is not the first by a mass of resentment for the content, then the Soviet Union's cultural policy is pursued, the end is entirely at the Soviet Union and Communist Party control. This sentence no effort to judge.
Lu Xun died long ago, wrote an essay entitled, as is "dead", he seemed to feel was dying, he advised a word in the text there are young people, "people will die, their words are good" We need not reject an opinion, this sentence is: "to refrain from making short writer." What is short writer? What he means is that writers have literary works, not the air shouting things. He said that the very right. Casually written something, it thinks that among the literary circles, with writer itself, such a person too much, no wonder Lu Xun to satire them. But having said that, ironically, Lu Xun himself. Lu Xun's death, once it was printed complete works for him, because they were originally organized, talent and money, there are agencies, all amenities. Scarlet the cover of the complete works published, how many books I remember, about a dozen copies to 20's circumstances. This can not be short of the Writers. But then, according to their contents, all together like the translation of fiction include breaking the general practice at all times. Lu Xun's lifetime have this position, I certainly do not know, but the cost of the translation of works are also included in the Complete Works, in addition to the great beyond the obvious, it does not make sense. Thanks to Lu Xun's translation of Ge results in the "Dead Souls" and the other without, or Ge results in the complete works bound to have attached to the inside of the Complete Works.
Lu Xun's works, I have said, comparing his wonderful essays. But how many of these articles can be of permanent value, satire, also still a problem. Ironically, the so-called literary, but also with some conditions. First, the intention to deep pen to sophistication, Lu Xun at this point is good. Second, Zhaixin be honest, though may rest on cynical, but in my heart, or an love, not hate, the purpose not seek temporary, not to "destroy the Korean food" like to knock down other people. At this point I doubt if there is such a mind of Lu Xun. Third, the ironic thing is the best general phenomenon, or a common drawback, at least not a personal attack on the integrity, in order to maintain an objective attitude, and not flow bitch squalling. Lu Xun's essays, the personal attack on the integrity of the ingredient too many, in the future, times have changed, people have been the trend Tao Jin, how much the value of these essays is quite a problem. Fourth, although there is no fixed genre satire, must also pay attention to organization of writing, like other articles, the appropriate length, to have ups and finished as a whole. Lu Xun's essays are mostly fragmentary nature, it seems that Hing to write, informal organization of writing, may charge the length of newspapers and magazines, which may not be able to be good literature. All the above is perhaps too much blame, because Lu Xun himself did not declare his essays will be handed down for, but rather people who worship Lu Xun, it seems not not remind them.
In the novel, the Lu Xun wrote several short stories only, no full-length works, the top of his famous "The Story of Ah Q", can be considered short of. In my opinion, the best of his short stories is "The Story of Ah Q", and the rest of the structure do not like short stories, like some broken pieces of the scattered sketches, there are several in the text and in sentiment is beautiful. In terms of a work alone, "True Story of Ah Q" is a valuable writing Xinhai place before and after a typical Shaoxing fools, in the psychological description is very profound and subtle. But if that story is based on our national character as the object of China, if that Ah Q is a typical representative of the Chinese people, I thought it was exaggerated, Lu Xun may not have this intention. Ah Q in this figure, there are times, there are local. A work, success in art is not like saying that this writer can become a great writer. One of the great writers, must have their seriousness, must have the appropriate amount, such as "True Story of Ah Q" This work seems to still not be enough to cause one of its great writers. George Bernard Shaw once came to Shanghai, Shanghai will be the so-called writers of our own "great writer" Lu Xun Weng come and meet him, but also a photograph published in the magazine out of one side stood a tall George Bernard Shaw silver white hair, standing room is small and weak body hair □ Peng Lu Xun, the two contrast, it is not known, stature is not the number of components that work is not known. This is a glib tongue of more down too.
54 Since many of the new literature, but there really are not many achievements, such as Lu Xun has also unusual. He could have a more impressive achievement, but he the one who died too early, and second, he did not sound ideological basis, so that the tide of the Communist Party paper to lose a writing position. Nature is not always a writer's Yinfengnongyue natural to look at his eyes around, naturally want to vent his anger and pine chest of the product, but it is more important, he has to "quiet observing life, and observing life as a whole. "(To see lifesteadilyand see it whole). This sentence is a British critic Arnold MatthewArnold criticized the British during the nest plug Chaucer said. He said the nest plug failed to do this, his observation of life is sporadic partial and superficial. Lu Xun to criticize me if I have to borrow the famous saying. Lu Xun's attitude not cool, when he was more emotional, so he unstable to stand against him and planned to give him moral support, and all of his undue influence occurred. He has writer should have a pen, but he did not writer breadth of mind and mental preparation. He wrote a lot of things, only a radical attitude.
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