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Wang specializes in the debate, it seems very strange start, but it is the final conclusion. He considered vulgar scholars scholarship, most have lost the essence of Confucianism, so think behind closed doors, all declined to celebrate, condolence and other rituals, windows, walls have stood sword and the pen. Writing the "Lun Heng," 85, more than 200,000 words, explain the similarities and differences of all things, to correct at the time where people are confused.
Provincial governor (official name) he was engaged in the recruitment of Dong Qin (official name), or switched to treatment (the official name), resigned himself to go home. His friend Xie Yi Wu a letter to county functionaries who have the knowledge, recommended by Wang and Han Su-tsung issued an edict to send specially bus (recruitment sage specific traveling court) to recruit him as sick did not go. Was close to 70 years, in both physical and brain has deteriorated, so writing a "raising of the book" 16, advocating control desire, hold the original God. Yong-Yuan (Chinese Dili reign) years, died at home.
1, isolated gate fine family
Wang Ru-life industry, Shi Road, not Henry, and only few more counties Liao Shu Ren, and more disheartened by rough block, from the story point of view, neither Elegy generous trip, nor the earth-shaking of the industry. So whether it is his own self-discipline to write a long, or Fan Ye for the official history of his biography, his story was very little, is not attractive.
Wang since that comes from "small communities isolated gate," but every indication that Wang Jiazu on or more scenery. "Lun Heng • Self Discipline Chapter" (the book cited, only the injection English Version) reads: Wang those people Kuaiji Shangyu, Zi Zhong Ren. The first of the Wei Jun Yuan City, a name of a Sun, a few world taste active military service, letters Kuaiji Yang Pavilion. State-year-old never hasty, because family Yan. Sang for the industry to agriculture. Ancestor Yong Ren Qi, Death is not salty Premier (forgive) others. Years old and tough to kill bar injury, implacable many. Will disrupt the world, for fear of gathering in the CIA, grandfather flood his family impregnation, the security Huiji, leave the money Tang County, to merchants for things.
Yuan Cheng, Jiuxian, Daming County Hebei Province in the Northeast today. Charge that its first "one name Sun One", the word-consuming solution, there are omissions and errors of those who suspect, even is. According to context, meaning, after the "one" when off under the "named Wang" word. Wang means that the ancestors of the "Sun of a name, a name is Wong." With the two ancestral name, last name must be a differentiation. Rather suspect Sun Wang Wang is the family ancestors, a work for the family after the Qin Dynasty, and later divided into two names: one name is Wang, a named Sun. From this, Wang's descent was very noble.
In the Han Dynasty, Wang Yang ancestors Kuaiji closure due to power booths. Ting Hou is one of Military Ranks in the Han Dynasty. Chinese system, the army meritorious persons, according to military merit size can Shiyi in the county, township, and the pavilion. Miles of a kiosk, a village 10 booths, above the township level is the county. Pavilion size, about equal to the fort or village later. Level is not high, but can sit back on their taxes is a small landlord. But only for about a year, the Wang family in an unexpected incident, the loss of life and status of the Jazz. Jazz can not continue, difficult to return home, Wang's ancestors had to close to settling down, farming men and women weave, to Agriculture as the industry has become a native of Kuaiji County.
Wang ancestors lost a knighthood, are brave to air, the results grudges many, the people are complaining. A case of natural disasters-year-old apologized, Wang's ancestors has to do some highway robbery, banditry of the acts, which makes public condemnation. Wang Wang flood in the hands of his grandfather, a time when the Western Han Dynasty world instability, chaos and fear flood chaos Wang was kidnapped by the CIA, so pack up valuables, "his family impregnation", or elects, or car, leaving Yang Pavilion, the first moved Kuiji (now Zhejiang Shaoxing), the last remaining resident in Qiantang County, to sell them Jia trafficking business as a career. Thus, Wang's family background, by the Sun-Qin, Han and Monkey, then agricultural sandja stall, really going from bad to worse by the generation.
Wang's father a total of two: Wang Meng, Wang recite. Wang Wang Deng is the father. Wang Yong Ren qi ancestors good practice, to Wang Meng, Wang Deng is worse than finally they have forged with the local despots Bo-Ying Ding home Vendetta, Qiantang can not stay there, and therefore submitted his family moved to Shangyu .
Second, the history of juvenile reading
Wang's family, though not place large, but not to the point of exposing not boil, Tian Chang V, "Wang Critical Biography" that "his family is about to fall into the frequent marginalization of the poor working people of rank in the family." ("A famous ancient Chinese Critical Biography of the philosopher, "Volume II) of this estimate is realistic. Wang Jiazu cases despite the large playing rogue in the community, good courage of vindictiveness, but Wang is a very painful love, but also pay great attention to training. "Later Han" the legend: "charge less isolated, village, said Xiao." It seems that childhood is not lost a loving father is the lack of female Chi. This is not realistic. Wang, "Self Discipline", saying: less filling ", a giant (real man) of the Chi, Wei Chang A father, mother non-Wei Chang, Yan Li Wei Chang for (condemned)." Shows that parents are there, and the very love may perhaps see the back. Wang is low, do not like to insult other charges it boring game play. Other kids like to cover bird catching cicadas, play money, climb trees, Wang has never not involved, showing few and solitary medium, strict and dignified temperament. This caused the king recited the attention-year-old will be taught to read, old into his primary school. Hundreds of library school students who are not working due to negligence and the calligraphy was President of corporal punishment, only Wang Jin calligraphy day, nor the fault may perhaps be blamed. Learned to write, Wang farewell to libraries, post-began by studying the Confucian classics and the practice of Confucian ethics.
"Self Discipline" wrote: handwritten things around, speech teacher, by the "Analects of Confucius", "Book of History", on satirical thousand words. By Matilda on, Xie division specifically, Yuan Bi and public Church.
Wang shows that formal education is still Confucian ethics, the use of the system is still teaching the Confucian classic "The Analects", "Book of History", and ordinary people no different. All that rural school, Wang is headed for a thousand miles, Luoyang tour school in Kyoto. In Luoyang, Wang into the Imperial College, visit Famous Scholar, read 100, view gift, opened the eyes, greatly increased the knowledge, he formed a broad and realistic academic style.
3, headed for the Capital
Wang to the Imperial College of time, about Jianwu two years (44 AD), Hsieh "the Book" states: "In 13, Ban Gu, Wang see the, ask its back that Ban Biao said: 'This child will remember Chinese things'. "Xie Yi Cheng has written, the article found in Fan Ye," Biography of the Later Han • classes for "Lee Hyun-Note. Born Jianwu classes for eight years, smaller than the 5-year-old Wang, Ban 13-year-old Wang to the Capital, has been at least 18, while Han Guangwu twenty years. Their prime, it is knowledge, long experience of great opportunity. However, at that time by the Imperial College School of New Text, prevalence of Chapters of the school. Communication by the teacher to focus on domestic discipline, gentlemen will be the first division of the teachings in mind, the chapter aims to have chapters, sentences are sentences solution, called "chapters and sentences." Disciples repeated rote learning, insipid; abide by the teacher training, 不敢越雷池一步. Emperor indulged in addition Guangwu weishu prophecy in mind micromanager, all depends on Prophecy, theology and superstition, full of Academic Forum. Imperial College education is not only way dead, but the content of virtual birthday. Fortunately this time the senior scholar community Lin Wang, Cheng Chung, Huan Tan, Ban Biao, who were both in the capital, they are Classics scholars, learned flooded consistent, known as Confucian scholars. Among the several, Ban Biao Wang Chong Huan Tan and most respected by most of their influence.
Ban Biao (AD 2 - AD 54), Zi Shu skin, Fufeng anling (Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, east) who, after the Eastern Han Dynasty classics famous scientist, historian, known to history as "Tongru on the material." Has added "Historical" for "after the transfer Historical Records." He was characterized by: "Paul is not official, the like (to) substandard"; scholarship is characterized by: "Learning is not for others, Bo and impressive"; writing is characterized by: "Words are not Chinese, Narrating . "(" Han • Self Discipline ") classes because of his son, Yu Meng Jian, the" Han ", author has learned through. History books say he was "Bo consistent set membership, an abysmal 100 words, are all read all the documents. Impermanence learned teacher, not for Chapters, to cite only the righteous cause." ("Later Han • Ban Biao Biography"), was also graduated from the Imperial College . Wang's father is very appreciated on the class and said: "Uncle classes for more than 100 historical skin renewal too, noted the detailed notes, Henry Banjialian equipment, and those who think that a concept of time, and Sima Qian B. In the male as the Shangshu Lang Meng Jian, Wen ratio (comparable) tert-skin, Feitu 500 years (small countries) also, is the husband called Lu-wei Zhou (large country) that also. "the class as Superman's father Eccentric, beautiful great country than the composition of China (" Super Church "). Wang to Ban Biao, learning from classes because of Friends, on reciting poetry and literature, tempering the virtue, in knowledge articles, conduct themselves morally large affected. The legend of Wang "after to the capital, by industry, Imperial College, teacher was Fufeng Ban Biao, well Expo not abide Chapters."
Ban Biao did not serve Imperial College, Division of Wang Chong, is Sishudizi. Wang, "Good does not keep Chapters Expo" is modeled on the class's "Bo and decent" and "not for the texts, to cite only the righteous cause" of the family learning style. Later, Wang Yun, "the county official as Gongcao to the number of sub-Admonition to"; the book "shape concept Louise", "direct disclosure of its text, set to vulgar language." These are all with Ban Biao, "Paul is not official, are as substandard, "" word is not Chinese, "the man approach and writing style absolutely similar.
Methods of thought, and benefited from Huan Tan Wang. Huan Tan (50 BC-AD 23 years), the character Chun-shan, Pei Guo phase (now Anhui suixi) people. "Learned through, over the study Pentateuch", is the occasion of the famous Han scholar. The "new theory" book. His scholarship is also characterized by "exegetical give cause, not for Chapters," the same style of study and class father and son. Methods of thought, quite realistic spirit, like the Classical school, often with Liu Xin, Yang Xiong, "Analysis of suspected differences", especially against the then prevailing Divination theology, he was in before the emperor Guangwu braved the risk of criticism Divination behead theology, the vulgar view of the Suru is hated, and often ridiculed transfer document, "from the more common arrangement is arrived at." Huan Tan scholarship and realistic spirit, Wang particularly appreciate his "On balance" appreciation of the book several times, said: "(Huan Tan) also as the" new theory "of world affairs, identified according to this through, false words, false ornaments of speech, everyone will permit. "(" Super Church ")," an article by world public men, and tell right from wrong, this through uncertainty, Huan Chun-shan of the, indeed may actually carry on. paper to detect real, then Chun-shan and Han sage also. "(" be virtuous ")
Wang had the Dong Han Dynasty, Sima Qian, Yang Xiong, who is very appreciated, but several among the most appreciative of Wang Chong Huan Tan, said, "Zhongshu the text can be and, Junshan the recovery of hard" ("case book" film, "he sub-length (Qian), sub-cloud (Yang Xiong) said of the believers, as a Junshan." ("Chao Qi") that although Zhongqi Wen Shu Qi, and still be learned and shared; Huan Tan a language high and steep, Non-match. and even to discourse as long Sima Qian, Yang Xiong, compared Huan Tan is second to none. He said that the academic value of Huan Tan to set a non-Chinese world, the same as an impartial magistrate. former prime minister of the Han Dynasty Chen Ping, a good before, in Yan in "points are that if one", which was the symbol when the prime minister. Huan Tan On the proposal of the sub-earth objects such as Chan, but also when the prime minister of the material. but he destroyed due to non-Divination, demoted died on the way. Wang will be the prime minister never had a single day's Luotuo people in addiction known as "prime the prime minister" to with Confucius "wang"; and Huan Tan as a "new theory" and Confucius as "stories" than the United States: "Confucius is not the king, Su Wang industry is" Autumn "; Whereas Huan Chun-shan did not phase, prime prime minister of the track is the" new "theory is also." ("be virtuous") said "quality setting things, on the difficult world suspect, Huan Mo Chun-shan, also. "(" case book ") assessment of worldly things, discuss the difficult world, no one can match him. by Huan Tan impact of Wang on the theology and superstition, false customs that are deep disapproval, he was put together" Lun Heng, "a book whose theme is" secular interpretation of the suspect, identified according to a non-truth "(" to make "), and Huan Tan" new theory "of topics such as the one to frequently.
Young scholars in the capital at that time except for classes, there Jia Kui, Fu Yi, Yang finally, etc. all have official Lantai, Wang also had dealings with them. Lantai is Han's Royal Library and the National Academia Historica, where Reading and Writing, public supply rests with paper and ink, excellent condition, well-paid, is a lofty academic institutions and affordable, so when the person is registered into the Lantai Penglai, the World that the wing.
Ban Jia Fu Yang, all for the young students, young and were in Lantai, paid discretionary poetry, no better scenery! Emperor Ming the level of 17, the colored birds clustered, Emperor Ming Confucian edict group of persons all contribute "God bird fu." Baiguan public bureaucracy, have responded, found that only four of them and by the Emperor Ming Fu Hou satirical appreciation. Wang mind being to say: "Yongping, God bird cluster, Takaaki Chao on" God Bird Song. "Baiguan Song, the text are better than Washi, CD-Ban Gu, Jia Kui, Fu Yi, Yang finally, Hou satirical 5 Chung Kim Ok, Emperor Ming Yan table. "(" Our Man ")
Sheng Wang witness her it really envious! Repeated praise, said: "Lantai of history, Ban Gu, Jia Kui, Fu Yi, Yang finally, of Hong Wen-mei." ("Do not Pass") to old age, poor home alley, and also hope that one day the court also put him in Wang Zheng Lantai, "dancing classes, Jia traces of" the one hand, yet his life is willing to attempt the second uses the "On the merits of reality" ("to be Song"), reported that the main Long Si.
4, Expo 100
Apart from the teacher in Luoyang Wang, AC win friends, but also extensive sand Expo, the poor reading group book. "Later Han" said Wang in Luoyang, "no book was poor, and often tour Luoyang City restaurants, read the books sold, one can see Zhe Yi Deng, pedestrian flow through the public schools of words." Apart from the familiar classics and history, Wang And the 100 also, through various schools of learning. A little more than Suru abide by this arrest that had made been for the saints, the truth lies, Haoshouqiongjing; upon being, but also purely a division of that, atavistic, intolerance. Not to mention other than the Confucian philosophers of the book. So they short-sighted, opinion vulgar. Wang Ru-book on comparative studies with the philosophers, that the philosophers and the Confucian Classics as important, sometimes even more than by the book child book also reliable. He said: Qin Dynasty, the Five Classics were "burnt burn ban against, Fu Sheng apprentice, hold by the deep", Hon Hing, "The book off the lack of clear, scattered and not give up a chapter," The only affected by the Chao Cuo Fu Sheng , after the teacher from the Confucian, "each indignant to the end, of words," give and accept mentoring transfer phase, forming a so-called family laws and imitate. The book itself is wrong has been difficult to identify, let alone the right and wrong by the teacher to explain the. In contrast, "Qin Though lacking Road, does not broadcast thinkers." Seen in this light, the classics have left articles, and philosophers no lacuna. You do not argue or wrongly what a self-evident.
Wang also paid attention to training their own tombo is the text book Practical and build capacity, he will then be divided into four other people in Confucianism, namely: scholar, Tong Ru, literati, ru, he said: "Upon those who could speak to scholars, Expo ancient and modern as the learned person who has adopted the book drop-outs over transfer books for the literary press, to fine those who think the chapter of the text link to ru. "and that:" too secular scholar, learned person wins scholar, author of more than learned person, ru super literati. "(" Super Church "), Confucian scholars asked themselves the door of rule by the saints, learning of the sage, far better than ignorance in the laity; but scholars can only hang once, I do not know the World Service, unreasonable ancient and modern," trustworthy Learning, though, said more than words, the end is not Bo "(" validity "), it is not as ancient a learned person Expo; learned person knowledge of ancient and modern, admittedly valuable, Wang once said:" I do not know this ancient knowledge, that The sink; know this I do not know the ancient, that the blind blind. "(" Xie short ") but the knowledge of ancient and modern, but a knowledge of the symbols of" good hard-working, knowledgeable "to achieve, ability how is not known. If the "learned person view see broad, not photo to discourse, this book is hide the master," as if it were a book can not view books read at home, he said: "Where you pass by, you can use for its too", if school Can not, "although more than 1000, is like parrots can be made also."
Scholars are able to draft chapter text, is "Broadcom can use" person, so expensive in the learned person. However, the author can only make a single article, not "link text", wrote a book, so not as big a long article to write, it stands apart by the words of the ru. He believes that the most precious Hongru, if the intellectuals of the Superman writers Eccentric, then ru is the "super but super" and "strange but wonderful" the super figure, if compared with the scholars, like the beautifully decorated The car with the broken car, beautiful as compared to the old robe; if compared with the laity, it is as if the top and the foot of Taishan Mountain, long neck and feet, like Di, a big difference! They were super strange, "World of Gold and Jade." ("Super Church") Taninaga Han, Tang Lin, Yan played to a letter, according to economic theory matters, are "literary"; and Dong, Qian, Yang Xiong, Liu Xiang, Liu Xin, Huan Tan, who can be hung Chapter Great theory, wrote books, is "ru." Wang them and the saints the same family, as rarities: "Modern Liu Zizheng father and son, Yangzi Yun, Huan Chun-shan and Wen Wu Zhougong and its still a rare moment ... ... analogy bead, with its treasure also." ("Super Church" ) Wang Chong-ru such a value, nature and his efforts to be a direction that is valuable to the world by Compiled by the. His teacher Ban Biao, do not abide by Chapters, Expo 100 ... ... is the road leading to Hongru effective measures.
Wang Yu education in the capital when the long history of non-explicit, Yuanshan Song "after the Han," said Wang caught up with the festival hall with a circlet of the Han Dynasty Pro: full of young Cong Long. Yi Imperial College, temporary hall with a circlet view of the emperor, as "Confucianist theory." Yuanshan Song books are Lost, this material found in Li Xian, "the Book Notes." Note the text for "Six Confucian theory", according to Wang Chong Hongru pushing the idea of "six Confucian" When the Confucian scholars of the error. Hall with a circlet, Zhou was one of Imperial College, Han is a respected Confucianism, OK ceremony venues. According to "Biography of the Later Han • Rulin," Emperor Han hall with a circlet Meta founded in Guangwu first year (56 years), not enough time to visit its territory, it Jiabeng the Guangwu. To the "Emperor Ming throne before the pro-line of the ceremony." "Emperor Ming Ji," said the level of the first year (58 years) in October, "Fortunately hall with a circlet," then at least the first year of the Yongping, Wang still in the capital, he had the time 32-year-old school in Luoyang has 14 years of age to visit. In the reign of Emperor Ming, the restoration of a number of years spent in the Confucian ceremony to show respect for rule of promotion ceremony. In the first month that the emperor wearing sky-high nine inch crown, put on the gown embroidered with moon and stars, the first emperor in the Ming Tang Ji Guangwu, subsequently registered Lingtai, hope Clouds, Spring Festival of music playing, the observed climate change, development "seasonal" book, awarded Liehou, kings, a repeat of some long been the lament in a time of Confucius, "Gushuo Ritual."
That winter, they visit the hall with a circlet Emperor Ming, Yang Yin Ritual at respecting the old. A priori assumption of Li Kung-old learned the "old folk", who granted Mingdi "Shang" and Huan Rong as "Dawn", this day, the emperor first arrival hall with a circlet, at the ceremony, and then sent round with the safety car Pu ( wrapped round with rushes to avoid the summit of toss) will be connected to the old folk just before dawn, between the emperor himself to the door panel to meet. With two sides (not monarch and his subjects) of the ceremony went up to Oak-order. He ordered "respect for things old Mr., brother thing Dawn", Three Public Jiuqing, their places. Emperor roll up robe, surgeon pro-cut, the meat offering (not give) to the old folk, but also personally to him Zhuojiu; before dawn, by Sangong so-and-serve. Followed by a fire ceremony, fire ceremony is completed, Emperor Ming go sit in the auditorium on, sat, enforcement through self-talk, Zhu Ru Executive by asking difficult before. Enough level "crowned gentrification," and only around the hall with a circlet bi water, watching the opposite bank. That day, usually being branded as scrubby Furu the scholars be proud for a while. Wang saw that the former only in the ceremony of the book, with, in the Confucian scholars were passed down orally with the respect revered Confucian ceremony, no doubt very excited, so pleased to "Confucian scholars of the" Ode to such incident. Is the lapse of a few hundred years later, Fan Ye as "the Book", wrote this spectacular event at the time, not without emotion, said: "(Emperor Ming) after sitting Mingtang group to the DPRK, Tang Ling-tai to look Clouds, bare cut hall with a circlet on, respect for things old Mr. Dawn ... ... all together in peace! ocean almost! Sheng Yu Yongping carry on. "
V. career Luotuo
Wang official place to test those who have knowledge of Yangzhou, Danyang, Jiujiang, Lujiang other places, "self-discipline articles," said: "Filled with dollars and three years (86 years) the provision of resettlement house the Department of Danyang Yi Yangzhou, Jiujiang, Lujiang the latter into the governance. materials small office large, 'grade in the gill cutting. Chapter two years (88 years), strike home state. "This self-discipline," North Hall book notes "volume 73 and the" Tai Ping Yu Lan " Volume 602, cited as "chapter two, migration, asylum Yangzhou Danyang home." incorrect, "chapter two" should be element and two, chapter two is fully self-free home, the non-start to the year. The provision of, provision of indications, was conscripted into an official, not a refuge. "Later Han" also contains: "provincial governor Qin Dong opened up in, turn governance from home free yet." Characters are being used for the provision of the provision of stresses imposed. Yangzhou is the home 13 Han (state), one of the Eastern Han Dynasty, on an administrative body for the county. Danyang, Jiujiang, Lujiang are Kawaguna, when the Department is under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou. In dollars and three years ago, Wang was any the unknown. Liu Rulin, "Han academic chronological" the beginning of the first year of the construction section, according to Wang, "for articles on" "Meng Jian-Chu, the Central Plains quite sorry, Egawa Runan, displaced persons scattered, Lord worry about its memory, the number to the edict," On value "of the people, Zou Ji Mayor, should ban luxury to prepare sleepy. words are not satisfied with the retreat inscription grass, it is called to a" lack "," the readme, then wonder, "who charge by the non-official in the Central Plains in Kuaiji The County evil? "but no other circumstantial evidence is difficult to form conclusions.
Wang that caused lingering counties, drowning is not advanced for many reasons, and later Wang combined his own personal experience, Shi Lu Qiong Tong had made a comprehensive analysis and discussion. "Every case of articles" into the official career of up and will not reach down to unlucky: Conduct a regular Yin, official case of impermanence. Yin Yin is not only too; the event is not met, when. Takayuki only clean, will not guarantee to dignity; to thin cloud parade, will not guarantee to humble. Or just Takayuki clean, not met, back in the downstream; Thin could cloud parade, the event, enter the public on. The world each have to take persons, persons are able to enter their own. Entered in the event, back in the not met. Showed respect for the Home Office may not be yin, the event also; Suffering in the next, not necessarily stupid, do not encounter too.
Wang Chong in the "tired harm Chapters" also proposed "tired harm" wrote: Any income official career has missed not enter, line section with damage incomplete, sin has accumulated non-addition, the reputation of a dim unknown, only non-under-line non-paradox, but also knowledge (Chi) non-faint, taste is also non-policies, suffered a foreign disaster, victims of too tired.
Official career liens, and Trace framed injury, guilt is not removed, reputation embarrassed ... ... all this is not necessarily his fault, probably foreign objects into trouble and framed. Wang will be the damage from foreign objects grouped into "three tired three evils." What are the three tired three evils? Filling said: village three tired, the court has three evils. Township means the official career three tired trouble before: friends against each other, with the damage, a tired also; mediocrity jealousy, damage a brain, two votes; make friends estranged, phase attack, three tired too. Good towards the three evils that suffered after the trap: actually into those positions for a limited defame each other, the Executive before the fabrication exaggerated, not see the truth behind Chief Executive is satisfied that his words have a harmful; colleagues in different hobbies, voicing different operating "depressed by the White Qing Officials, held tiny words," more and more white reputation, opinions are becoming more sophisticated, gradually shaped cloud Officials from the foul, vindictive, secretly collected Officials clear the fault, framed heavy penalties, the second injury also; Executive pro-Xing Zuo Li, Zuo Li character is not high, promoted back to the evil people who would not subordinate to the "honest people in" inevitable disgruntled, discredit him before the Executive, three evils too. Wang cited the three-tired three evils, vivid and concrete, just as his own personal experiences.
6, Wang's philosophy
Han Wang is an outstanding thinker and educator of materialism, his philosophy can be summarized as the following:
(A) "day of no action"
Wang that the will of heaven and earth are no material physical nature, the universe of all things change and things generate movement is a natural result of inaction. He believes that everything is material because the "gas" generated by natural movement, "Heaven and gas, everything from health" and biological inter-phase win because of various biological gluten strength, momentum and movement the merits Qiao is different, not days, deliberately arranged, days is not what has the will to good and bad fortune of a personal God.
(B) "days, not so stranger"
Wang that the day is natural, and man is a product of nature, "people take things; things, also take things", so cut off the link between heaven and man. He carried forward the Xunzi? Quot; out in Heaven and Human, "the materialist ideology. He said:" people can not line a sense of the heavens, can not be accompanying the person. "He believes that the political, moral and natural Calamity nothing to do with the so-called "interaction between heaven," saying only people with their own ideas to match day results.
(C) God, no ghosts off
Wang that the people to have that is dead. So can students who, because he has fine blood gas, and "died blood dried up, dried and refined gas off, off and his body decayed, rotten made dust, what a ghost?" He died like a fire that destroyed the fire destroyed Why can bright? his spirit for the people to give a materialist explanation of the phenomenon, thereby negating the existence of ghosts, get rid of the "poetic justice" superstitious.
(D) this is better than old
Wang against the "Kill the ancient law," the idea that people today, and the ancients with "Qi", the people of the same intrinsic popular with the ancient, ancient and modern are not different, there is no basis to say that the ancients always better than people today, there is no reason Chung old days. He believes that Chinese progress than in the past, the Han in the "100 on behalf of the above" because the Chinese in the "100 generation" after. This view of "the same day will never change" idea is completely opposite.
Wang attention to the social function of literature, against the "empty as," "presumptuous", advocates "for the world to use." He said: "To the world of users and the 100 sound; not for the world users, a chapter of no help." ("On the balance? Self-discipline") He believes that the main social function of literature is "Kindness and Punishing Evil" ("Lost "), but his concept of good and evil, based on the Confucian" civilizing "function as standard. His opinion that "a saint Xingwen also, as the uprising is not empty, because by not presumptuous; for benefit of, of a fill in now." ("To make") Thus, over his opposition to prose rendering, no allegory of Italy, denounce Fu "Wen Li and services giant, made subtle and increasingly deep, but can not be non-Department, argued this through the real" ("be virtuous").
Wang also opposed to retro, archaism, and your old cheap today, advocating innovation. He praised Confucius as "Spring" with "subtle ideas from out of the chest," "Super Church" the original spirit. This was cheap for the tendency of your old, said: "cover only superficial, deep, no there is ancient and modern; the authenticity of the text there is no there is so new." ("Case Book") He criticized the trend of retro archaism, said: "that When in front of a text is as complex eight color Shun-mei, Yu present when the complex re-pupil. "(" Super Church ")
Wang has certain literary works of different styles: "100's Son, different parents, different classes and students, do not like; all to the intrinsic, since the better good." ("Self discipline"), the article claims the natural language should seek to Fluent opposed to pretending to be difficult, said: "The mouth works in the clearly stated in the disclosure document is the text service. Goldsmith of elegant, made no no dawn, no can not see that. ... ... I made it to Ming-chih; words fear left off, so the the text. text and made the same trend, what I still refer to as hidden meaning? "(" Self Discipline ")
Wang's literary theory, although reasonable, but it also has its drawbacks and limitations. He asked for literature praising the ruling class, which ignores the characteristics of literature itself, deny the literary imagination, exaggerated figures of speech and literature of the romantic element, that these are "false" to deny what the Yi Gai.
Translated by Google