美国 美国重建和工业化  (1831年11月19日～1881年9月19日)

开端 终结 在位 1881年 1881年 

　　詹姆斯·艾伯拉姆·加菲尔德（James Abram Garfield，1831年11月19日－1881年9月19日），美国政治家，生于俄亥俄州。美国共和党人。南北战争期间加入北方军队，与南方奴隶制军队作战，拥有少将军衔。担任过基督会的长老。曾于1881年当选总统，成为美国首位具有神职人员身分的总统，他的任期正处于从政党分肥制到文官制的过渡时期，他在上任半年后被一个谋官未成者暗杀而死，成为继林肯之后第二位被暗杀的美国总统，任期：1881年3月15日 – 1881年9月19日。他的第一夫人是卢克丽霞·鲁道夫。他曾经对勾股定理提出了一种新的面积证明方法。

　　James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States. His death, two months after being shot and six months after his inauguration, made his tenure, at 199 days, the second shortest (after William Henry Harrison) in United States history.
　　
　　Before his election as president, Garfield served as a major general in the United States Army and as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and as a member of the Electoral Commission of 1876. Garfield was the second U.S. President to be assassinated; Abraham Lincoln was the first. President Garfield, a Republican, had been in office a scant four months when he was shot and fatally wounded on July 2, 1881. He lived until September 19, having served for six months and fifteen days. To date, Garfield is the only sitting member of the House of Representatives to have been elected President.