清代  (1683年3月1日～1706年11月15日)

姓：	计美多吉协加衮钦
名：	洛桑仁钦仓央嘉措
字：	仓洋嘉错
网笔号：	第六世达赖喇嘛
 诗词： 《《仓央嘉措情歌》（连载一） Lama ballad Instalment uni-》   《《仓央嘉措情歌》（连载二） Lama ballad Instalment twain》   《《仓央嘉措情歌》（连载三） Lama ballad Instalment three》   《《仓央嘉措情歌》（连载四） Lama Ballad Instalment four》   《《仓央嘉措情歌》（连载五） Lama ballad Instalment five》   《《仓央嘉措情歌》（连载六） Lama ballad Instalment six》   《情诗选 Situation anthology》   《情诗 Love Poems》    仓央嘉措心史：最美的六首诗歌 阅读仓央嘉措 Tshangs-dbyangs-rgya-mtsho在诗海的作品!!!

仓央嘉措（藏语：ཚངས་དབྱངས་རྒྱ་མཚོ，威利：tshangs dbyangs rgya mtsho；1683年3月1日－？），旧译仓洋嘉错，是时任西藏摄政桑结嘉措认定的藏传佛教格鲁派的第六世达赖喇嘛，除1705－1721之外，得到西藏政府和中国中央政府的承认。他也是西藏著名诗人，是历代达赖喇嘛中最富传奇色彩的人物。
六世达赖喇嘛（Tshangs-dbyangs-rgya-mtsho）仓央嘉措是西藏历史上颇有争议的著名人物。

身世

　　仓央嘉措原名洛桑仁钦仓央嘉措。其之父扎西丹增，原居错那宗。其母为赞普后裔，名叫次旺拉姆。仓央嘉措诞生于1683年(藏历第十一绕迥水猪年）3月1日。

　　1697年（藏历第十二绕迥火牛年）被藏王第司·桑杰嘉措认定为五世达赖喇嘛的转世灵童。 同年年燃灯节之际，第六世达赖喇嘛仓央嘉措在布达拉宫的司喜平措大殿，在丹增达赖汗和第悉·桑结嘉措等藏蒙僧俗官员的参加下，举行了坐床典礼。清朝康熙皇帝从大局考虑，派出章嘉呼图克图等参加了典礼，并赏赐了无数珍宝。

　　1698年（藏历土虎年），仓央嘉措至哲蚌寺，建立最初的法缘，从《菩提道次第广论》的开首处，进行了经文传承，开始听取法相经典。第悉教授其梵文声韵知识。另外，还从班禅大师及甘丹寺主持、萨迦、格鲁、宁玛等派有道上师学习大量显密经典。第悉对于仓央嘉措的学习，管理得非常严格。

　　仓央嘉措成长的时代，恰值西藏政治动荡，内外各种矛盾接连不断地开始出现之际。1700年（藏历铁龙年），丹增达赖汗在西藏去世。其次子拉藏鲁白遂来至前藏，承袭了乃父职位。蒙古施主当中对此也产生了赞同与反对的两种意见。另外，第悉对第五世达赖喇嘛的圆寂进行了长期保密，这引起了清朝康熙帝的不满。在西藏内部，由于第悉独断专行，长期“ 匿丧”，身穿袈裟而又公开蓄养“主母”等行为，招致哲蚌寺、色拉寺部分首脑表现出不满情绪，等等。

　　各种矛盾错综复杂，仓央嘉措感到“失望，学习也无益处”，遂变得懒散起来， 且喜好游乐，放荡不羁。

　　1702年（藏历水马年六月），仓央嘉措20岁时，第悉劝其受比丘戒。他听从劝告。前往扎什伦布寺与班禅大师洛桑益西相见。第五世班禅的传记里说，“休说他受比丘戒，就连原先受的出家戒也无法阻挡地抛弃了。最后，以我为首的众人皆请求其不要换穿俗人服装，以近事男戒而受比丘戒，在转法轮。但是，终无效应，只得将经过情形详细呈报第悉。仓央嘉措在扎什伦布寺居17日后返回拉萨。”（《五世班禅洛桑益西自传·明晰品行月亮》 209页）自那以后，仓央嘉措便穿起俗人衣服，任意而为。白天在龙王潭内射箭、饮酒、唱歌，恣意嬉戏。还到拉萨近郊去游玩，与年轻女子寻欢作乐，放弃了戒行。

　　拉藏汗利用第六世达赖喇嘛仓央嘉措与第悉·桑结嘉措之间的矛盾，制造越来越多的麻烦。第悉企图投毒杀害拉藏汗的说法传开以后，藏蒙福田、施主之间的矛盾更加尖锐。公元1705年（藏历木鸡年）一月，第六世达赖喇嘛、吉雪第巴、拉木降神人、色拉、哲蚌二寺堪布、政府各要员、班禅大师的代表、蒙古诸施主等，集议如何解决矛盾。最后议决，第悉·桑结嘉措辞去地方政府的职务，将贡嘎宗拨给他作为食邑；拉藏汗保留“地方政府蒙古王”的称号，返回青海驻牧。但是，实际上双方都没有打算执行决议。拉藏汗从拉萨出发以后，在羊八井、当雄等地驻留多日，缓缓抵达那曲。在那曲集结了藏北各地的蒙古军队，准备打仗。他借口第悉未遵守决议，仍然呆在布达拉宫内干预政府的一切事务，从那里折返拉萨。当年5月，拉藏汗在当雄将蒙古军队分为两路，一路由他亲自率领，从澎波而来；另一路由其妻次仁扎西及部分军官率领，从堆龙德庆而来。当时，色拉、哲蚌二寺的上师、密宗院的轨范师以及班禅大师的代表等人闻讯后，急忙先后赶去劝阻。请求汗王罢兵。但是，遭到拒绝。公元1705年（藏历第十二绕迥木鸡年）七月第悉·桑结嘉措被抓获，押至堆龙德庆的朗孜村立刻斩首。从此以后，蒙古人拉藏汗统治前后藏达12年。

　　当时，在西藏地方政府的框架中，噶厦和孜康属于重要的机构。孜康机构既检查稽核政府收支，又主持培养官员的学校。不久，杀害第悉·桑结嘉措的凶狠王妃次仁扎西也死去了。

　　拉藏汗掌握大权以后，对第六世达赖喇嘛多方责难。还特派人员赴京师，谗言桑结嘉措勾结准噶尔人，准备反叛朝廷。还说，第悉 ·桑结嘉措在布达拉宫立的仓央嘉措不是第五世达赖喇嘛真正的转世灵童，他终日沉湎于酒色，不守清规，请予废立。康熙帝即派侍郎赫寿等人赴藏，敕封拉藏汗为 “翊法恭顺汗”，赐金印一颗。命将仓央嘉措从布达拉宫的职位上废除，“执献京师”。

　　遵照谕旨，废掉仓央嘉措以后，不久即“解送”北京。在哲蚌寺前的参尼林卡为其送行时，哲蚌寺僧人将其强行抢至该寺的甘丹颇章宫中。拉藏汗闻报后，立即派兵包围了哲蚌寺，寺僧们亦准备武力抵抗，双方即将发生流血冲突。仓央嘉措见此情形于心不忍，便自动走到蒙古军中，立地平息了这场一触即发的战斗。然后，从北路进京，抵达青海的贡噶诺尔时圆寂，时年25岁。这是传记中的普遍说法。所以，布宫里唯独没有六世达赖的灵塔。

　　其后，拉藏汗将生于公元1686年（藏历火虎年）的活佛阿旺益西嘉措认定为第六世达赖喇嘛，将其迎至布达拉宫坐床，他在位11年。但是，西藏僧俗群众皆不承认他是达赖喇嘛的转世灵童。白噶尔增巴·益西嘉措坐床以后，拉藏汗便上奏康熙皇帝，请求皇帝承认他是达赖喇嘛，并赐金印。皇帝依奏，赐金印一颗，印文为：“敕封第六世达赖喇嘛之印”，被修改为“敕赐第六世达赖喇嘛之印。”（《印鉴清册》11页）

　　为了稳定西藏当时的混乱局面，康熙帝于公元1713年（藏历第十二绕迥水蛇年）册封第五世班禅洛桑益西为“班禅额尔德尼”，赐金册、金印。命他协助拉藏汗管理好西藏地方事务。从此，历代班禅的“额尔德尼”名号便确定下来。

死因之谜

　　六世达赖的死因，成了一个永远的迷。
传说一，仓央嘉措在押解进京途中，病逝于青海湖；
传说二，仓央嘉措在路上被政敌拉藏汗秘密杀害；
传说三，仓央嘉措被清帝囚禁于五台山，抑郁而终；
传说四，好心的解差将仓央嘉措私自释放，他最后成为青海湖边的一个普通牧人，诗酒风流过完余生。

　　流传最广的一种说法，也就是“密传”《琵琶音》的说法。“于火猪年当法王（即仓央嘉措）25岁时，被请往内地。”“次第行至东如措纳时，皇帝诏谕严厉，众人闻旨，惶恐已极。担心性命难保，无有良策以对。于是异口同声对我（仓央嘉措）恳求道：‘您已获自主，能现仙逝状或将形体隐去。若不如此，则我等势必被斩首。’求告再三。仓央嘉措无限悲伤，话别之后，遽然上路，朝东南方向而去……此后，他经打箭炉至内地的峨眉山等地去朝山拜佛。然后，又到前后藏、印度、尼泊尔、甘肃、五台山、青海、蒙古等地云游，讲经说法，广结善缘，创下无穷精妙业绩。

　　据近年来的考古发现证实，仓央嘉措在内蒙阿拉善地区弘法利生，最后圆寂于此。腾格里沙漠中的承庆寺（六世达赖的圆寂地）、昭化寺（法体停放地）和贺兰山广宗寺（真身舍利存入处）就见证了六世达赖这一段生命历程。

　　六世达赖于乾隆十一年（1746）5月8日坐化，年64岁。乾隆二十二年(1757年)六世达赖弟子阿旺多尔济依照师父生前的意旨在贺兰山中修造广宗寺，寺内供奉着六世达赖灵塔(六世达赖肉身)。

　　乾隆二十五年(1760年)，清廷为该寺赐名“广宗寺”，授予镌有藏满蒙汉四种文字寺名的乾隆御笔金匾。此匾的落款为“大清乾隆岁次闰八月十六日”，从此南寺有了这个正式名称。

　　1966年文化大革命开始，造反派闯入南寺，捣毁了六世达赖灵塔，强迫僧侣们自己破坏六世达赖肉身，还焚烧了大量佛像、佛经。守寺的少数喇嘛当做牛鬼蛇神加以批斗后赶出寺院，一些无家可归的僧人被驱逐到附近社队。70年代初，将南寺的庙宇全部拆除，木料用作他途，财产由有关部门低价变卖处理。南寺变成了一片废墟。

　　后由一老喇嘛将仓央嘉措遗骨偷偷火化，留有舍利存于寺内。

　　十一届三中全会以后，宗教信仰自由政策重新得以落实。1981年南寺部分僧人来到原寺址盖起蒙古包和帐篷，举行了夏季祈愿法会，并由罗卜桑宁吾，尚巴丹达尔，丹比宁吾等人出资出力．在原葛根仓房的遗址上盖建了15间平顶佛堂，把桑吉拉布坦精心捡起收藏的六世达赖骨灰重新造塔供奉。在旗人民政府批准下成立的南寺管理、筹措资金。从1989年开始新建了有歇山式屋顶的30间殿堂。1990年7月初新殿举行了开光仪式。

情诗

　　仓央嘉措的身世更为他的情诗增添了浪漫而神秘的色彩。他的经典的拉萨藏文木刻版《仓央嘉措情诗》，汇聚了他的六十多首情诗。如今已被译成二十多种文字，几乎传遍了全世界，新的译作层出不穷。而在民间，有仓央嘉措的情诗达200多首。在今天的西藏，很多人都会唱以他的诗改编的歌，譬如：

那一天
闭目在经殿香雾中
蓦然听见
你颂经中的真言

那一月
我摇动所有的转经筒
不为超度
只为触摸你的指尖

那一年
磕长头匍匐在山路
不为觐见
只为贴着你的温暖

那一世
转山转水转佛塔啊
不为修来生
只为在途中与你相见

仓央嘉措还有一首流传非常广泛的诗：
第一最好不相见，如此便可不相恋。
第二最好不相知，如此便可不相思。
第三最好不相伴，如此便可不相欠。
第四最好不相惜，如此便可不相忆。
第五最好不相爱，如此便可不相弃。
第六最好不相对，如此便可不相会。
第七最好不相误，如此便可不相负。
第八最好不相许，如此便可不相续。
第九最好不相依，如此便可不相偎。
第十最好不相遇，如此便可不相聚。
但曾相见便相知，相见何如不见时。
安得与君相诀绝，免教生死作相思。

前生今世

“仓央嘉措”的藏语意思是“音律之海”，不知道是不是“冥冥中，一生的预言”

Tsangyang Gyatso (Tibetan: ཚངས་དབྱངས་རྒྱ་མཚོ, Wylie: tshangs-dbyangs rgya-mtsho, ZYPY: Cangyang Gyamco; 1 March 1683 – 15 November 1706) was the 6th Dalai Lama. He was a Monpa by ethnicity and was born at Urgelling Monastery, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Tawang, India and not far from the large Tawang Monastery in the northwestern part of present-day Arunachal Pradesh.

He had grown up a youth of high intelligence, liberal to a fault, fond of pleasure, alcohol, and women, and later led a playboy lifestyle. He disappeared near Qinghai, possibly murdered, on his way to Beijing in 1706. The 6th Dalai Lama composed poems and songs that have become popular not only in modern-day Tibet, but all across China.

Early life

Tsangyang was born on 1 March 1683 in Mon Tawang (in modern Arunachal Pradesh, India) to Lama Tashi Tenzin of Urgelling, a descendant of the treasure revealer Pema Lingpa, and Tsewang Lhamo, a Monpa girl hailing from a royal family of Bekhar Village.

There are many stories about the life and death of Tsangyang Gyatso.

There are several legendary tales about the birth of Tsangyang. Apparently, His mother, Tsewang, had experienced a few miracles prior to the birth of Tsangyang Gyamtso. One day, within the first month of her pregnancy, she was husking paddy in the stone mortar. To her surprise, water started accumulating in the mortar. On another occasion, when Tsewang drank water at a nearby place, milk started gushing out in place of water. Since then, this stream was known as Oma-Tsikang, literally known as milky water.

In the course of time, Tsewang gave birth to a boy who was named Sanje Tenzin, with Tsangyang's grandfather and Nawang Norbu with his father.^{[clarification needed]} Due to this fact, legend said that he would not drink his mother's milk from the day after their birth. One day, when his face began to swell from an infection, Tsangyang could hardly open his eye, two local diviners were summoned. They prescribed purifactory rite and said that his name should be changed to Ngawang Gyamtso.

His recovery was credited by the regent to the intervention of the Dalai Lama's own guardian deity, Dorje Dakpa. The grandfather dreamt that the child was constantly being protected by heavenly beings. The mother dreamt, as she took a rest from her weaving, that a great company had arrived to take him off. His paternal grandmother dreamt of two suns shining in the sky.

Historical background

Although the 5th Dalai Lama had died in 1682, the Regent Desi Sangye Gyatso (Wylie: sangs rgyas rgya mtsho) kept his death a secret – partly to continue the stable administration, and partly to gain time for the completion of the Potala Palace. The monks concentrated their search to the region of Tibet to find the next incarnation, but later came to conclude that 6th Dalai Lama was born outside the Tibetan territory^{[citation needed]} in a valley whose name ended with "ling". They searched all places ending with "ling", including three in Tawang – Urgyanling, Sangeling and Tsorgeling.

The Potala authorities took the Dalai Lama from his mother in 1697 from Urgyanling. The journey to Pota Lhasa from Tawang was 7 days, and they spend first night in Tsona (near Cuona Lake, China) where he slept with girls. Responding to the strict rules of the Tibetans, he constantly opposed laws which overruled him, and eventually became a drunk. After arriving to Tibet, Sangye Gyatso sent a delegation to the Kangxi Emperor of Qing China in 1697 to announce that the 5th Dalai Lama had died and the 6th had been discovered.

The regent invited Lobsang Yeshe, 5th Panchen Lama to administer the vows of a śrāmaṇera (novice monk) on the young man at Nankartse and named him Tsang Gyatso. In October 1697, Tsangyang Gyatso was enthroned as the 6th Dalai Lama.

In 1705 Lha-bzang Khan, a Mongol king, had the Regent, Sangye Gyatso, killed. This greatly upset the young Dalai Lama, who left his studies and even visited the 5th Panchen Lama in Shigatse to renounce his śrāmaṇera vows.

Life as a Dalai Lama

As a Dalai Lama, Tsangyang had composed excellent works of songs and poems, but often went against the principles of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism. For example, he decided to give getsul vows to Lobsang Yeshe, 5th Panchen Lama at eighteen instead of taking the full gelong vows normal for his age.

The Panchen Lama, who was the abbot of Tashilhunpo Monastery, and Prince Lhazang, the younger brother of the Po Gyalpo Wangyal, persuaded him not to do so.

Tsangyang Gyatso enjoyed a lifestyle that included drinking, the company of women, and writing love songs. He visited the 5th Panchen Lama in Shigatse and, requesting his forgiveness, renounced the vows of a novice monk. He ordered the building of the Tromzikhang palace in Barkhor, Lhasa.

Tsangyang Gyatso had always rejected life as a monk, although this did not mean the abdication of his position as the Dalai Lama. Wearing the clothes of a normal layman and preferring to walk than to ride a horse or use the state palanquin, Tsangyang only kept the temporal prerogatives of the Dalai Lama. He also visited the parks and spent nights in the streets of Lhasa, drinking wine, singing songs and having amorous relations with girls. Tsangyang retreated to live in a tent in the park near the northern escarpment of Potala Palace. Tsangyang finally gave up his discourses in public parks and places in 1702, which he had been required to do as part of his training.

Capture and disappearance

Using the Dalai Lama's behaviour as an excuse and with the approval of his ally, China's Kangxi Emperor, Lha-bzang Khan, khan of the Khoshut, killed the regent and kidnapped the Sixth Dalai Lama. On 28 June 1706, Lha-bzang Khan deposed Tsangyang; he later installed a 21-year-old lama, Ngawang Yeshey Gyatso, as the "true" 6th Dalai Lama in 1707, claiming that he, not Tsangyang, was the true rebirth of the 5th Dalai Lama. The Gelugpa dignitaries and the Tibetan people rejected Lha-bzang Khan's installation of Ngawang Yeshey Gyatso and continued to recognise Tsangyang's title. However, Ngawang Yeshey Gyatso is considered by Tibetans to have been an incarnation of Avalokiteśvara.

While being taken out of Tibet, Tsangyang composed a poem which some say foretold of his next birth. "White crane lend me your wings. I will not fly far. From Lithang I shall return."^{[citation needed]} Tsangyang disappeared mysteriously near Qinghai on 15 November 1706, which is why there is no tomb for him in the Potala Palace. Rumours persisted he had escaped and lived in secrecy somewhere between China and Mongolia.

The Tibetans appealed to the Dzungar people, who invaded Tibet and killed Lha-bzang Khan in late 1717.

Tsangyang was succeeded by Kelsang Gyatso, who was born in Lithang, as the 7th Dalai Lama.

Notes

References

• Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation, pp. 238–271. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, New Mexico. ISBN 1-57416-092-3.

External links

• Erotic verse sheds light on 'playboy Lama' – BBC News article
• Tsangyang Gyatso: The Rebel Dalai Lama, by Mr. K. Dhondup
• Urgelling Monastery